Biology:Prunus subg. Prunus

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Short description: Subgenus of plants

Prunus subg. Prunus
Plums and Nectarines (4039921754).jpg
Plums and nectarines
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenus: Prunus subg. Prunus
Section

See text.

Prunus subg. Prunus is a subgenus of Prunus. This subgenus includes plums, apricots and bush cherries. Some species conventionally included in Prunus subg. Amygdalus are clustered with plum/apricot species according to molecular phylogenetic studies.[1][2] Shi et al. (2013) has incorporated subg. Amygdalus into subg. Prunus, thereby including almonds and peaches in this subgenus.[1] The species in this subgenus have solitary flowers or 2–3 in a fascicle.[1][3]

Sections according to Shi et al. (2013)

Shi et al. (2013) divide subg. Prunus into seven sections: sect. Amygdalus, sect. Armeniaca, sect. Emplectocladus, sect. Microcerasus, sect. Persicae, sect. Prunocerasus and sect. Prunus. They form three clades. The basal clade is sect. Emplectocladus which is sometimes treated as a subgenus. The other two clades are the Amygdalus-Persicae clade (sometimes treated as subg. Amygdalus) and the Armeniaca-Microcerasus-Prunocerasus-Prunus clade (subg. Prunus in a narrow sense).[1]

Sect. Emplectocladus

Prunus sect. Emplectocladus (Torr.) A.Gray is the sister group to all the other species in this subgenus,[1] and sometimes treated as a distinct subgenus, Prunus subg. Emplectocladus (Torr.) S.C.Mason. It includes six New World species.[4][5]

Sect. Amygdalus & Sect. Persica

Prunus sect. Amygdalus (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. and Prunus sect. Persica (Mill.) Nakai[lower-alpha 1] sometimes constitute Prunus subg. Amygdalus (L.) Focke. They form a monophyletic clade together, but the boundary between them seems not very distinct. A few species, such as P. spinosissima (thorny almond) and P. kansuensis (Gansu peach), are clustered in either sect. Amygdalus or sect. Persica in different studies.[2][6] The word "ămygdălus" is Latin for the almond nut.[7]

Sect. Amygdalus includes most Old World almond species except P. mongolica, P. tangutica, P. triloba, P. pedunculata, P. tenella, P. petunnikowii and probably other related species.[2]

Selected species:

Sect. Persica includes peach species[8] as well as two species previously considered almonds (P. mongolica and P. tangutica).[2]

Sect. Armeniaca

Main page: Biology:Apricot

Species in this Prunus sect. Armeniaca (Scop.) Koch are apricots, native to Eurasia.[1]

Selected species:

Sect. Microcerasus

Main page: Biology:Prunus sect. Microcerasus

Species in Prunus sect. Microcerasus (Webb & Berthel.) C.K.Schneid. are known as bush cherries or dwarf cherries.[1]

Selected species:

Sect. Prunocerasus

Main page: Biology:Prunus sect. Prunocerasus

Prunus sect. Prunocerasus Koehne includes New World plums and peachbush (P. texana).[2][1]

Selected species:

Sect. Prunus

Main page: Biology:Prunus sect. Prunus

Prunus sect. Prunus includes Old World plums.[1]

Selected species:

Additional sections

Species of the following sections were not presented in the results of Shi et al. (2013). Therefore, their relationship with the sections proposed by Shi et al. (2013) is unclear.

Sect. Chamaeamygdalus

Prunus sect. Chamaeamygdalus (Spach) Dippel used to be included in the Amygdalus-Persica clade. However, molecular phylogenetic research indicates that it should be excluded from the Amygdalus-Persica clade.[2] The phylogenetic positions of the species in this section are still uncertain.

Sect. Louiseania

Prunus sect. Louiseania (Carrière) Yazbek includes two or three Asian species.[9] Although they are called flowering almond, they are more related to bush cherries (sect. Microcerasus) and apricots (sect. Armeniaca).[2][6][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] According to nuclear phylogenomic analyses, the type species of sect. Louiseania, P. triloba, is embedded in sect. Microcerasus and closely related to the P. prostrata, the type species of sect. Microcerasus. However, in the phylogenetic tree based on plastid genome, P. triloba together with P. tomentosa (also a member of sect. Microcerasus) and apricots is in a clade that is sister to the core part of sect. Microcerasus.[14][16]

Sect. Penarmeniaca

Prunus sect. Penarmeniaca S.C.Mason is the sister group to New World plums, P. texana and probably the Old World species P. tenella.[2] It includes two New World species.[4][17]

Notes

  1. ↑ Shi et al. (2013) gave this section a new name, Prunus sect. Persicae (T.T.Yü & L.T.Lu) S.L.Zhou.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Shi, Shuo; Li, Jinlu; Sun, Jiahui; Yu, Jing; Zhou, Shiliang (2013). "Phylogeny and classification of Prunus sensu lato (Rosaceae)" (in en). Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 55 (11): 1069–1079. doi:10.1111/jipb.12095. ISSN 1744-7909. PMID 23945216. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jipb.12095. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Yazbek, M.; Oh, S.-H. (2013-10-01). "Peaches and almonds: phylogeny of Prunus subg. Amygdalus (Rosaceae) based on DNA sequences and morphology" (in en). Plant Systematics and Evolution 299 (8): 1403–1418. doi:10.1007/s00606-013-0802-1. ISSN 1615-6110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0802-1. 
  3. ↑ Su, Na; Hodel, Richard G. J.; Wang, Xi; Wang, Jun-Ru; Xie, Si-Yu; Gui, Chao-Xia; Zhang, Ling; Chang, Zhao-Yang et al. (2023-04-06). "Molecular phylogeny and inflorescence evolution of Prunus (Rosaceae) based on RAD-seq and genome skimming analyses" (in en). Plant Diversity. doi:10.1016/j.pld.2023.03.013. ISSN 2468-2659. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468265923000586. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mason, S.C. (1913-11-10). "The pubescent-fruited species of Prunus of the southwestern states". Journal of Agricultural Research 1 (2): 147–177. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND43965391/PDF. 
  5. ↑ Prigge, Barry A. (2002). "A new species of Prunus (Rosaceae) from the Mojave Desert of California". Madroño 49 (4): 285–288. ISSN 0024-9637. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41425478. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Chin, Siew-Wai; Shaw, Joey; Haberle, Rosemarie; Wen, Jun; Potter, Dan (2014-07-01). "Diversification of almonds, peaches, plums and cherries – Molecular systematics and biogeographic history of Prunus (Rosaceae)" (in en). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 76: 34–48. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.024. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 24631854. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579031400089X. 
  7. ↑ "amygdalus", Online Latin Dictionary; accessed 2022.07.20.
  8. ↑ "桃亚属 Subgen. Persica" (in zh). 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室. http://www.iplant.cn/info/Subgen.%20Persica?t=z. 
  9. ↑ Yazbek, Mariana (9 April 2010). Systematics of Prunus subgenus Amygdalus: Monograph and Phylogeny. Cornell University (published 2010-04-09). https://hdl.handle.net/1813/14843. 
  10. ↑ Mowrey, B. D.; Werner, D. J. (1990-07-01). "Phylogenetic relationships among species of Prunus as inferred by isozyme markers". Theoretical and Applied Genetics 80 (1): 129–133. doi:10.1007/BF00224026. ISSN 1432-2242. PMID 24220821. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224026. 
  11. ↑ Wang, Wei; Wang, Hui-Ling; Xiao, Xun-Ze; Xu, Xin-Qiao (2019-12-01). "Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of longstalk almond (Prunus pedunculata (Pall.) Maxim.), an important sand-fixation shrub plant endemic to northern China" (in en). Conservation Genetics Resources 11 (4): 419–421. doi:10.1007/s12686-018-1039-7. ISSN 1877-7260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-018-1039-7. 
  12. ↑ Duan, Chunyan; Shen, Yehua; Zhao, Guifang (2020-01-02). "Complete chloroplast genome characteristics of Prunus triloba Lindl." (in en). Mitochondrial DNA Part B 5 (1): 504–505. doi:10.1080/23802359.2019.1704657. ISSN 2380-2359. PMID 33366622. 
  13. ↑ Wang, Wei; Yang, Tao; Wang, Hui-Ling; Li, Zhen-Jian; Ni, Jian-Wei; Su, Shang; Xu, Xin-Qiao (2020-06-23). "Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the complete chloroplast genomes of six almond species (Prunus spp. L.)" (in en). Scientific Reports 10 (1): 10137. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67264-3. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 32576920. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Hodel, Richard G. J.; Zimmer, Elizabeth; Wen, Jun (2021-07-01). "A phylogenomic approach resolves the backbone of Prunus (Rosaceae) and identifies signals of hybridization and allopolyploidy". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 160: 107118. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107118. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 33609711. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790321000518. 
  15. ↑ Coulibaly, Daouda; Huang, Xiao; Ting, Shi; Iqbal, Shahid; Ni, Zhaojun; Ouma, Kenneth Omondi; Hayat, Faisal; Tan, Wei et al. (September 2022). "Comparative analysis of complete chloroplast Genome and phenotypic characteristics of Japanese apricot accessions" (in en). Horticulturae 8 (9): 794. doi:10.3390/horticulturae8090794. ISSN 2311-7524. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Wan, Tian; Qiao, Bai-xue; Zhou, Jing; Shao, Ke-sen; Pan, Liu-yi; An, Feng; He, Xu-sheng; Liu, Tao et al. (2023). "Evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses of 11 Cerasus species based on the complete chloroplast genome". Frontiers in Plant Science 14. doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1070600. ISSN 1664-462X. PMID 36938043. 
  17. ↑ Bortiri, Esteban; Oh, Sang-Hun; Jiang, Jianguo; Baggett, Scott; Granger, Andrew; Weeks, Clay; Buckingham, Megan; Potter, Daniel et al. (2001). "Phylogeny and systematics of Prunus (Rosaceae) as determined by sequence analysis of ITS and the chloroplast trnL-trnF spacer DNA". Systematic Botany 26 (4): 797–807. ISSN 0363-6445. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3093861. 

Wikidata ☰ Q6401215 entry



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