Biology:Prunus cerasifera

From HandWiki
Short description: Species of plum
Not to be confused with plum-cherry hybrid.

Prunus cerasifera
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenus: Prunus subg. Prunus
Section: Prunus sect. Prunus
Species:
P. cerasifera
Binomial name
Prunus cerasifera
Ehrh. 1784 not Popov 1929 nor Lecoq & Lamotte 1848
Synonyms[2]
Error creating thumbnail:
Prunus cerasifera

Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum.[3] Native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere, P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum.

Description

Wild types are large shrubs or small trees reaching 8–12 metres (26–39 ft) tall, sometimes spiny, with glabrous, ovate deciduous leaves 3–7 cm (1–3 in) long.[4] It is one of the first European trees to flower in spring,[4] often starting in mid-February before the leaves have opened. The flowers are white or pale pink and about 2 cm (3⁄4 in) across, with five petals and many stamens. The fruit is an edible drupe, 2–3 cm in diameter, ripening to yellow or red from early July to mid-September. They are self-fertile but can also be pollinated by other Prunus varieties such as the Victoria plum.[5] The plant propagates by seed or by suckering, and is often used as the rootstock for other Prunus species and cultivars.[4]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Southeast Europe[4][6][7] and Western Asia,[3][8] and is naturalised in the British Isles[4] and scattered locations in North America.[9][10][11] It is also naturalized in parts of Southeast Australia where it is considered to be a mildly invasive weed of bushland near urban centers.

Ecology

P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum, Prunus domestica, perhaps crossing with the sloe, Prunus spinosa,[12] or perhaps the sole parent.[13] This would make it a parent of most of the commercial varieties of plum in the UK and mainland Europe: Victoria, greengages, bullace, etc.

Cultivation

Bonsai (shohin size)

The cherry plum is a popular ornamental tree for garden and landscaping use, grown for its very early flowering. Numerous cultivars have been developed, many of them selected for purple foliage, such as P. cerasifera var pissardii (Carrière) L.H. Bailey (P. 'Atropurpurea').[4][14] The cultivar 'Nigra' with black foliage and pink flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[15] Prunus × cistena (purple leaf sand cherry), a hybrid of Prunus cerasifera and Prunus pumila, the sand cherry, also won the Award of Garden Merit.[16][17][18] These purple-foliage forms (often called 'purple-leaf plum'), also have dark purple fruit, which make an attractive, intensely coloured jam. They can have white or pink flowers. The cultivar 'Thundercloud' has bright red foliage which darkens purple.[19] Others, such as 'Lindsayae', have green foliage. Some kinds of purple-leaf plums are used for bonsai[14] and other forms of living sculpture. Cultivated cherry plums can have fruits, foliage, and flowers in any of several colours.

Uses

The fruits are edible.[20] Some varieties have sweet fruits that can be eaten fresh, while others are sour and better for making jam. Cherry plums are a key ingredient in Georgian cuisine where they are used to produce tkemali sauce, as well as a number of popular dishes, such as kharcho soup and chakapuli stew. It is a popular tree in Romania where its fruits are used for souring soups when immature, for eating raw when ripened, and for making moonshine when overripe because of their high sugar content.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kell, S.P.; Wilson, B. (2018). "Prunus cerasifera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. 
  2. ↑ "Prunus cerasifera Ehrh". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:729568-1. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 UConn Horticulture
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. pp. 196. ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5. 
  5. ↑ Titmarsh, Alan (2008). The Kitchen Gardener. BBC Books. p. 247. 
  6. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. includes photos and European distribution map
  7. ↑ "UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for Prunus cerasifera". berkeley.edu. http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6677,6866,6868. 
  8. ↑ Flora of China, Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, 1789. 樱桃李 ying tao li
  9. ↑ Flora of North America, Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, 1784. Cherry plum, myrobalan
  10. ↑ "University of Washington Herbarium Image Collection - Burke Museum". washington.edu. http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Prunus&Species=cerasifera. 
  11. ↑ "Calflora taxon report, University of California: Prunus cerasifera". calflora.org. http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=6887. 
  12. ↑ "All about plums – Juicy facts of Prunus domestica". Garden Museum. https://gardenmuseum.org.uk/learning-september-plums/juicy-facts. /
  13. ↑ Zohary, Daniel (1992). "Is the European plum, Prunus domestica L., a P. cerasifera EHRH. x P. spinosa L. allo-polyploid?". Euphytica (Springer Nature) 60: 75–77. doi:10.1007/BF00022260. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00022260. Retrieved 1 March 2024. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Pissard Plum Fact Sheet
  15. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector Prunus cerasifera 'Nigra' AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/61117/Prunus-cerasifera-Nigra/Details. 
  16. ↑ "Prunus × cistena". RHS. https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/47608/Prunus-x-cistena/Details. 
  17. ↑ Plant Facts, Prunus x cistena - Purpleleaf Sand Cherry (Rosaceae)
  18. ↑ Nazareth College, Purpleleaf Sand Cherry Prunus x cistena /
  19. ↑ Thundercloud Fact Sheet
  20. ↑ Turner, Mark; Kuhlmann, Ellen (2014). Trees & Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest (1st ed.). Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-60469-263-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=VLbAAwAAQBAJ. 

Wikidata ☰ Q146951 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Prunus_cerasifera&oldid=4083490"