Biology:Rubus arcticus

From HandWiki
Short description: Berry and plant
Not to be confused with the 'Nectar' cultivar of Boysenberry, sometimes called nectarberry.

Rubus arcticus
From "Bilder ur Nordens Flora" (1917–1926)
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Rubus
Species:
R. arcticus
Binomial name
Rubus arcticus
L. 1753
Subspecies[2]
  • R. arcticus subsp. arcticus
  • R. arcticus subsp. acaulis
  • R. arcticus subsp. stellatus
Synonyms[3]
  • Cylastis arcticus (L.) Raf. ex B.D.Jacks.
  • Rubus arcticus subsp. humilis (Gladkova) Krassovsk.
  • Rubus arcticus var. humilis Gladkova
  • Rubus arcticus var. pentaphylloides Hult.
  • Manteia acaulis (Michx.) Raf.
  • Rubus acaulis Michx.
  • Manteia stellata (Sm.) Raf.
  • Rubus arcticus var. stellatus (Sm.) B.Boivin
  • Rubus stellatus Sm.

Rubus arcticus, the Arctic bramble[4] or Arctic raspberry,[5][6] Nagoonberry,[7] or nectarberry[8][9] is a species of slow-growing bramble belonging to the rose family, found in Arctic and alpine regions in the Northern Hemisphere. It has been used to create hybrid cultivated raspberries, the so-called nectar raspberries.[9]

Description

Rubus arcticus grows most often in acidic soils rich in organic matter. It is a thornless perennial up to 30 centimetres (12 inches) tall, woody at the base, but very thin higher above the ground. Flowers are in groups of 1–3, the petals pink, red, or magenta. The fruit is deep red or dark purple, consisting of 10 to 30 drupelets.[2][10]

Ripe Arctic raspberry

Distribution and habitat

It grows in Alaska,[7] northern Scandinavia and Finland, Russia, Poland, Belarus, Mongolia, northeastern China, North Korea, Estonia, Lithuania, Canada, and the northern United States as far south as Oregon, Colorado, Michigan, and Maine.[11][12][13] It was historically present in Scotland, last seen in 1850.[14]

Uses

The fruits of the Arctic raspberry are considered a delicacy and, among other uses, make jam and liqueur, or flavour tea. Carl von Linné considered the Arctic raspberry – åkerbär in Swedish[11] – a great delicacy in his Flora Lapponica (1737). The fruit is used in the Mesimarja liqueur, produced since 1882 by the Finnish company Lignell & Piispanen. The liqueur was awarded a gold medal at the 1900 Paris Exposition.[15][16]

In the Pacific Northwest of western Canada and the northwestern US, it is sometimes called the nagoon or nagoonberry, a name derived from the Tlingit neigóon.[7] A measure of the quality of its fruit is expressed in its Russian name княженика knyazhenika, signifying the "berry of princes".[citation needed]

Culture

Arctic raspberry is the provincial plant of the Norrbotten province of northern Sweden.[17][18][19]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). "Rubus arcticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Alice, Lawrence A.; Goldman, Douglas H.; Macklin, James A.; Moore, Gerry (2014), "Rubus arcticus", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), 9, New York and Oxford, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242345353 
  3. ↑ "Rubus arcticus L.". Royal Botanic Gardens (Edinburgh). http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/rjp-827. 
  4. ↑ (xls) BSBI List 2007, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, https://bsbi.org/download/3542/, retrieved 2014-10-17 
  5. ↑ Lee, Sangtae; Chang, Kae Sun, eds (2015). English Names for Korean Native Plants. Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. p. 611. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf. Retrieved 7 March 2019. 
  6. ↑ "Rubus arcticus". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RUAR. Retrieved 24 October 2015. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Mount, Emily (August 23, 2020). "Nagoonberry: the superstar of Alaska's wild berries". Alaska. https://alaskamagazine.com/authentic-alaska/food-drink/nagoonberry-the-superstar-of-alaskas-wild-berries/. 
  8. ↑ Kokko, Harri & Kärenlampi, Sirpa (1998), "Transformation of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens", Plant Cell Reports 17 (10): 822–826, doi:10.1007/s002990050491, PMID 30736600, Bibcode: 1998PCelR..17..822K 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 H. Hiirsalmi, and J. Säkö (1976), "The nectar raspberry hybrid Rubus idaeus x Rubus arcticus a new cultivated plant", Annales Agriculturae Fenniae 15 (2): 168–174, doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1976.60.20 
  10. ↑ Lu, Lingdi; Boufford, David E., "Rubus arcticus", Flora of China, 9, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242345353 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Rubus arcticus L. - Åkerbär" (in Swedish). Den Virtuella Floran. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. 1996. http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/rosa/rubus/rubuarc.html: description, ecological information, photos. 
  12. ↑ "Rubus arcticus", State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA) (Biota of North America Program (BONAP)), 2014, http://bonap.net/MapGallery/State/Rubus%20arcticus.png 
  13. ↑ "Rubus arcticus: Nagoon Berry". Friends of Dempster Country. http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Rubus.arctic; includes photos, description, line drawing, global distribution map. 
  14. ↑ "PlantAtlas". https://plantatlas2020.org/atlas/2cd4p9h.pbf. 
  15. ↑ "Lignell & Piispanen ja A. J. Kotilainen" (in fi). https://pohjois-savonmuisti.fi/historia/elinkeinot/lignell-piispanen-ja-a-j-kotilainen/. 
  16. ↑ "Mesimarjat ja kuusenkerkät – Lignell & Piispanen valmistaa juomia metsästä lasiin" (in fi). 2022-07-25. https://www.biotalous.fi/mesimarjat-ja-kuusenkerkat-lignell-piispanen-valmistaa-juomia-metsasta-lasiin/. 
  17. ↑ "Rubus arcticus". http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Rubus+arcticus. 
  18. ↑ "Berry Crops". University of the Highlands and Islands. http://www.agronomy.uhi.ac.uk/html/plants/berries.htm. 
  19. ↑ Karp, K.; Starast, M.; Värnik, R. (1997). "The arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) – the most profitable wild berry in Estonia". Baltic Forestry 2: 47–52. http://www.balticforestry.mi.lt/bf/PDF_Articles/97-3%5B2%5D/The%2520Arctic%2520bramble-the%2520most%2520profitable%2520wild%2520berry%2520in%2520Estonia.pdf; in English with summary in Russian. 

Wikidata ☰ Q210330 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Rubus_arcticus&oldid=4503308"