Biology:Rytidosperma viride

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Short description: Species of grass

Rytidosperma viride
File:Rytidosperma viride (Zotov) Connor and Edgar (AM AK247390-1).jpg
Invalid status (NZ TCS)
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Rytidosperma
Species:
R. viride
Binomial name
Rytidosperma viride
(Zotov) Connor & Edgar

Rytidosperma viride is a flowering plant in the family Poaceae (the grass family). It is endemic to Aotearoa/New Zealand and was described as Notodanthonia viride in 1963.[1][2]

Distribution

Rytidosperma viride is endemic to Aotearoa/New Zealand. In the North Island, it is found in the Volcanic Plateau, Taranaki Maunga, Raukumara, and the Coromandel Ranges, with one specimen on Te Mata Peak.[3][4] In the South Island, it is found scattered in the Kahurangi National Park.[4]

The type specimen was collected by Victor Zotov, a Russian-New Zealand botanist specialising in grasses (who also described the species). It was collected in Onetapu Desert (usually called Rangipo Desert), Volcanic Plateau, on the 5th April 1931.[1]

Habitat

In Flora V, it is described as being found in rocky places in montane and subalpine zones.[4] The habitat of specimens have been described as "stony (greywacke) river flat in red tussock grassland", and "open grassland on steep hillside".[5][6]

On Mount Tarawera, R. viride is found in herbfield communities dominated by Pimelea prostrata var. prostrata, Gaultheria paniculata, G. oppositifolia, and Erica lusitanica.[7] It is also found growing in mossland dominated by Racomitrium lanuginosum, Bryum laevigatum, and Campylopus clavatus, sometimes with Raoulia glabra and R. albosericea.[8][7]

Description

Rytidosperma viride is a grass with tussocks made of short, stiff dark green leaves on branches that are intravaginal (with shoots emerging from within the sheath of the previous node). Like most Rytidosperma, there is a tuft of hairs above the ligule. The leaf-blades are up to 35cm and culms up to 45cm. Spikelets have 3-4 florets, with awned glumes. Florets contain three rows of long hairs, one on the callus (the breaking point with the spikelet), and two on the glumes. The callus hairs are long, reaching the lower lemma hairs, the upper lemma hairs exceed the tip of the palea, and the upper and lower lemma hairs are equally long.[4]

R. viride floret, showing callus hairs overlapping lower lemma hairs.

It is most similar to R. gracile, R. nigricans, and R. geniculatum. From the first two, it can be distinguished by its intravaginal branching and long callus hairs that greatly overlap the lower row of lemma hairs. From the R. geniculatum, it can be distinguished by its upper and lower lemma hair rows being equally dense and continuous, and by its long, thin glumes that narrow to a point, and are tipped with a short awn.[9]

R. viride has 2n=24 chromosomes.[10]

Ecology

The rust fungus Uromyces danthoniae, a species found that grows parasitically on the leaves of several Rytidosperma species in New Zealand and Australia, infects Rytidosperma viride. It forms dense clusters of orange-brown aecidia on both surfaces of the leaf.[11]

Taxonomy

Rytidosperma viride was initially described as Notodanthonia viridis in 1963. The genus Notodanthonia was synonymised with Rytidosperma in Nicora (1973), after it was recognised that they referred to the same group.[12] The genus Notodanthonia was only described in 1963 by Zotov, whereas Rytidosperma was described in 1854 by Steudel. As such, the older name Rytidosperma took priority under the International Code of Nomenclature.[12][13] Aotearoa/New Zealand species were formally moved to Rytidosperma in 1979, following this view.[13]

Etymology

Rytidosperma - wrinkled seed, from Greek rhytis (wrinkle) and sperma (seed).[14]

viride - green, lively, borrowed from Latin viridis.[15]

R. viride panicle
R. viride in habitat
R. viride in habitat

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zotov, V. D. (1963). "Synopsis of the grass subfamily Arundinoideae in New Zealand" (in en). New Zealand Journal of Botany 1 (1): 78–136. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1963.10429323. ISSN 0028-825X. Bibcode: 1963NZJB....1...78Z. https://rsnz.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/0028825X.1963.10429323. 
  2. ↑ "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Rytidosperma viride". https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/Taxon/Rytidosperma-viride.html. 
  3. ↑ "Specimen Details". https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz/Specimen/CHR%20662970. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Rytidosperma viride (Zotov) Connor & Edgar". https://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/taxa/1c22ede7-ab78-4f18-b683-670c0a63316c. 
  5. ↑ "Specimen Details". https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz/Specimen/CHR%20662970. 
  6. ↑ "Image Service Atlas". https://images.ala.org.au/image/viewer?imageId=771913f6-0d02-443d-a85d-33de1bf23d8e. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Timmins, Susan M. (1982). "Landsat Ii Digital Data Analysis and Mt Tarawera Vegetation". New Zealand Journal of Ecology 5: 6–15. ISSN 0110-6465. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24052669. 
  8. ↑ Clarkson, Beverley R.; Clarkson, Bruce D. (1983). "Mt Tarawera: 2. Rates of Change in the Vegetation and Flora of the High Domes" (in en). New Zealand Journal of Ecology 6: 107–119. ISSN 1177-7788. https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/1575. 
  9. ↑ Connor, Henry (2000). "Rytidosperma Steud.". https://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/taxa/e40b80ce-bcff-443b-8053-eecc81e56d2b. 
  10. ↑ Murray, B. G.; De Lange, P. J.; Ferguson, A. R. (December 2005). "Nuclear DNA variation, chromosome numbers and polyploidy in the endemic and indigenous grass flora of New Zealand". Annals of Botany 96 (7): 1293–1305. doi:10.1093/aob/mci281. ISSN 0305-7364. PMID 16243852. 
  11. ↑ McKenzie, E. H. C.; Latch, G. C. M. (July 1980). "Occurrence of Uromyces danthoniae and U. macnabbii , and additions to the graminicolous rust fungi of New Zealand" (in en). New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 23 (3): 393–397. doi:10.1080/00288233.1980.10425373. ISSN 0028-8233. Bibcode: 1980NZJAR..23..393M. https://rsnz.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/00288233.1980.10425373. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Nicora, Elisa G. (1973). "Novedades agrostológicas patagónicas". Darwiniana 18 (1/2): 80–106. ISSN 0011-6793. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23215667. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Connor, H. E.; Edgar, E. (September 1979). "Rytidosperma Steudel ( Notodanthonia Zotov) in New Zealand" (in en). New Zealand Journal of Botany 17 (3): 311–337. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1979.10426906. ISSN 0028-825X. Bibcode: 1979NZJB...17..311C. https://rsnz.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/0028825X.1979.10426906. 
  14. ↑ "Rytidosperma Steud". https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Rytidosperma. 
  15. ↑ "virid" (in en), Wiktionary, the free dictionary, 2025-01-09, https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=virid&oldid=83544588, retrieved 2026-03-09 

Wikidata ☰ Q15521095 entry



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