Biology:Scutaria
| Scutaria | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | Scutaria Søchting, Arup & Frödén (2013) |
| Species: | S. andina
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| Binomial name | |
| Scutaria andina (Räsänen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Scutaria is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae.[2][3] It contains the species Scutaria andina, found in South America. The thallus of this lichen has a form that is intermediate between crustose and foliose.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by the lichenologists Ulrik Søchting, Ulf Arup, and Patrick Frödén. The genus name honours the Argentinian lichenologist Nora Scutari.[4] Scutaria andina was first formally described by Veli Räsänen in 1939, who classified it as a species of Xanthoria.[5] Scutari and colleagues had proposed to transfer the taxon to the genus Caloplaca in 2002.[6]
Phylogenetically, Scutaria is sister to a clade containing the genera Josefpoeltia, Teloschistes, and Villophora; the entire group forms a well-supported clade with Wetmoreana. Scutaria is in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae.[4]
Description
Scutaria forms an [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (irregularly branched or spread out) and almost [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (having [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-like structures) thallus. This thallus is often coated with a fine, powdery substance ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) and attaches to the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] through individual hyphae (fungus filaments) and hyphal strands. The outer layer of the lichen, known as the cortex, is intricately structured with tightly interwoven cells ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]).[4]
The apothecia (fruiting bodies) are common in Scutaria and are mostly [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] type, where the margin is less distinct. These apothecia are typically pinkish and often have a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] coating. The spores produced by these apothecia are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], meaning they are divided into two components ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) separated by a central septum with a perforation or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which are small, flask-shaped asexual reproductive structures, are mostly present in Scutaria. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (asexual spores), produced within these pycnidia are rod-shaped ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]).[4]
In terms of chemistry, Scutaria is primarily characterised by the presence of fragilin, a secondary metabolite (lichen product), with occasional small amounts of other substances like parietin, emodin, and 7-chloroparietinic acid.[4]
Habitat and distribution
Scutaria andina is found in South America, where it typically grows on twigs. Originally described from specimens collected in Argentina,[4] molecular analysis was later used to confirm its presence in Bolivia.[7]
References
- ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Scutaria andina (Räsänen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup, in Arup, Søchting & Frödén, Nordic Jl Bot. 31(1): 63 (2013)". Species Fungorum. https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=802181.
- ↑ "Scutaria". Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/644XS.
- ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453 [157]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Arup, Ulf; Søchting, Ulrik; Frödén, Patrik (2013). "A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae". Nordic Journal of Botany 31 (1): 16–83 [62]. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x.
- ↑ Räsänen, V. (1939). "Contribucion a la flora liquenologica Sudamericana 2.". Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina 128: 133–147 [140]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48993776.
- ↑ Scutari, N.; Rosato, V.G.; Søchting, Ulrik (2002). "Caloplaca andina comb. nov. (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota), a species close to the genus Fulgensia". Mitteilungen aus dem Staatsinstitut für Allgemeine Botanik Hamburg 30–32: 213–224.
- ↑ Wilk, Karina; Pabijan, Maciej; Saługa, Marta; Gaya, Ester; Lücking, Robert (2021). "Phylogenetic revision of South American Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota, Teloschistales) reveals three new genera and species". Mycologia 113 (2): 278–299. doi:10.1080/00275514.2020.1830672. PMID 33428561.
Wikidata ☰ Q25907180 entry
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