Biology:Swertia

From HandWiki

Swertia is a genus in the gentian family containing plants sometimes referred to as the felworts.[1] Some species bear very showy purple and blue flowers.[2][3] Many members of this genus have medicinal and cultural purposes.[4]

Plants of genus Frasera are sometimes considered part of this genus, sometimes as a separate genus, and sometimes as synonymous.

Selected species

According to Plants of the World Online, the genus has 165 species. Species in the genus Swertia include, but are not limited to:[5][6][7]

  • Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
  • Swertia bimaculata (Siebold & Zucc.) C. B. Clarke
    • Swertia bimaculata (Siebold & Zucc.) Hook. f. & Thoms.
  • Swertia calcicola Kerr.
  • Swertia chinensis (Griseb.) Franch.
    • Swertia diluta (Turcz.) Benth. & Hook. f.
  • Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) H. Karst.
    • Swertia chirata (Wall.) C. B. Clarke
  • Swertia ciliata (D. Don ex G. Don) B. L. Burtt.
  • Swertia cordata (Wall. ex G. Don) C.B. Clarke
  • Swertia dilatata C. B. Clarke
  • Swertia hookeri C. B. Clarke
  • Swertia japonica (Roem. & Schult.) (Makino) (known by the common names Japanese felwort and Japanese star swertia.)
  • Swertia leduci Franch.
    • Swertia mileensis T. N. Ho & W. L. Shih
  • Swertia macrosperma C. B. Clarke
  • Swertia multicaulis D. Don
  • Swertia nervosa (G. Don) C. B. Clarke
  • Swertia perennis L.
  • Swertia pseudochinensis H.Hara
  • Swertia punicea Hemsl.
  • Swertia purpurascens (D. Don) A. Wall ex E. D. Clarke
  • Swertia striata Collett & Hemsl.
  • Swertia tashiroi (Maxim.) Makino
  • Swertia tetrapetala Pall.
  • Swertia tibetica Batal.
  • Swertia tongluensis Burkill
  • Swertia tozanensis Hayata
  • Swertia trichotoma Wight ex C.B.Clarke
  • Swertia uniflora Mildbr.
  • Swertia usambarensis Engl.
  • Swertia veratroides Maxim. ex Kom.
  • Swertia verticillifolia T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu
  • Swertia virescens Harry Sm.
  • Swertia volkensii Gilg
  • Swertia wardii C.Marquand
  • Swertia wattii C.B.Clarke
  • Swertia welwitschii Engl.
  • Swertia wolfgangiana Grüning
  • Swertia woodii J.Shah
  • Swertia yezo-alpina H.Hara
  • Swertia younghusbandii Burkill
  • Swertia yunnanensis Burkill
  • Swertia zayuensis T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu
  • Swertia zeylanica (Griseb.) Walker ex C.B.Clarke

Chemical constituents

Swertia contains the chemicals sawertiamarine, mangeferin and amarogenitine[8] 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone, 1-hydroxy-2,3,5,7-tetramethoxyxanthone, 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxyxanthone, 1-hydroxyl-2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyxanthone, 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone, 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone, balanophonin, oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, and sumaresinolic acid.[9] Swerilactones from Swertia mileensis showed anti-hepatitis B virus activity in vitro.[10]

Traditional medicine

Swertia is used in Indian Ayurvedic Herbal System to cure Fever as in Laghu sudarshana churna, Maha sudarshan Churna and in Tibetan folk medicine.[11] It is also one of the most widely used medicinal plants of Sikkim, and is considered Vulnerable based on IUCN CAMP Criteria.[12]

References

  1. ↑ "Swertia". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SWERT. Retrieved 4 December 2015. 
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.iisc.ernet.in/~currsci/aug252005/635.pdf. 
  3. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.ansab.org/UserFiles/chiraito.pdf. 
  4. ↑ O'Neill, A. R.; Badola, H.K.; Dhyani, P. P.; Rana, S. K. (2017). "Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 13 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9. PMID 28356115. 
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GRIN
  6. ↑ Porcher, Michel H. (2004). "Sorting Swertia names". Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. The University of Melbourne. http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Swertia.html. 
  7. ↑ "Swertia L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" (in en). https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002722-2. 
  8. ↑ Journal of Ethnopharmacology 98 (2005) 31–35
  9. ↑ "Chemical constituents from herbs of Swertia mileensis". Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 33 (23): 2790–2793. 2008. PMID 19260313. 
  10. ↑ "Swerilactones L-O, secoiridoids with C₁₂ and C₁₃ skeletons from Swertia mileensis". J Nat Prod 74 (8): 1822–1825. 2011. doi:10.1021/np200256b. PMID 21823575. 
  11. ↑ Variation of active constituents of an important Tibet folk medicine Huiling Yang, Chenxu Ding, Yuanwen Duan, Jianquan Liu
  12. ↑ O'Neill, Alexander (2017-03-29). "Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 13 (21). doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9. PMID 28356115. 

Wikidata ☰ Q163970 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Swertia&oldid=4316263"