Biology:Thamnophis proximus

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Short description: Species of snake

Thamnophis proximus
Thamnophis proximus.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Genus: Thamnophis
Species:
T. proximus
Binomial name
Thamnophis proximus
(Say, 1823)
Synonyms[2]
  • Coluber proximus
    Say, 1823
  • Eutaenia proxima
    — Baird & Girard, 1853
  • Thamnophis proxima
    — Garman, 1892
  • Thamnophis saurita proxima
    — Barbour & Cole, 1906
  • Thamnophis sauritus proximus
    — Burt, 1935
  • Thamnophis proximus
    — Rossman, 1963

Thamnophis proximus, commonly known as the western ribbon snake, is a species of garter snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the western United States , Mexico, and Central America. The species has six recognized subspecies.

Description

T. proximus is a slender snake with a very long tail, approximately one-third of the total length of the body. Dorsally, T. proximus is blackish, brown, or olive with three light-colored stripes. Ventrally, it is greenish-white or yellowish-white. The upper labials are whitish and unmarked, contrasting with the dark top and sides of the head.[3]

Adults measure 17–50 in (43–127 cm) in total length (including the tail).[4]

Subspecies

Six subspecies of the western ribbon snake (T. proximus) are recognized as being valid, including the nominate subspecies.[2]

  • T. p. alpinus Rossman, 1963 – Chiapas Highlands ribbon snake
  • T. p. diabolicus Rossman, 1963 – arid land ribbon snake
  • T. p. orarius Rossman, 1963 – Gulf Coast ribbon snake
  • T. p. proximus (Say, 1823) – orangestripe ribbon snake, western ribbon snake
  • T. p. rubrilineatus Rossman, 1963 – redstripe ribbon snake
  • T. p. rutiloris (Cope, 1885) – Mexican ribbon snake

Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Thamnophis.

References

  1. ↑ Chaves, G.; Lamar, W.; Porras, L.W.; Solórzano, A.; Sunyer, J.; Hammerson, G.A. (2013). "Thamnophis proximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T198522A2529292. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T198522A2529292.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/198522/2529292. Retrieved 19 November 2021. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Species Thamnophis proximus at The Reptile Database . www.reptile-database.org.
  3. ↑ Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp., 34 Plates. (Thamnophis sauritus proximus, pp. 256-257 + Plate 28).
  4. ↑ Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). (Thamnophis sauritus proximus, pp. 827-832, Figures 239, 240 + Map 59 on p. 767).

Further reading

  • Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp. ISBN:0-394-50824-6. (Thamnophis proximus, pp. 670–671 + Plates 531, 544).
  • Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. (Illustrated by Isabelle Hunt Conant). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48. ISBN:0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN:0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Thamnophis proximus, pp. 165–166 + Plate 23 + Map 120).
  • Conant R, Bridges W (1939). What Snake Is That? A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + viii +163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (Thamnophis sauritus proximus, pp. 122–123 + Plate 23, figure 69A).
  • Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 Plates, 207 Figures. ISBN:978-0-544-12997-9. (Thamnophis proximus, pp. 428–429 + Plate 42).
  • Rossman DA (1963). "The Colubrid Snake Genus Thamnophis: A Revision of the sauritus Group". Bulletin of the Florida State Museum 7 (3): 99–178.
  • Say T (1823). In: James E (1823). Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, Performed in the Years 1819 and '20, by Order of the Hon. J.C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War: Under the Command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the Notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other Gentlemen of the Exploring Party. Vol. I. Philadelphia: H.C. Carey and I. Lea. 503 pp. (Coluber proximus, new species, p. 187).
  • Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN:0-307-13666-3 (paperback), ISBN:0-307-47009-1 (hardcover). (Thamnophis proximus, pp. 146–147).

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q2565456 entry




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