Biology:Tufted duck

Tufted duck
	Male (above) and female (below)
	File:Tufted Duck.ogg
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
	; Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1) (Europe)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Genus:	Aythya
Species:	A. fuligula
Binomial name
	Aythya fuligula; (Linnaeus, 1758)
	Global map of sightings reported to eBird Year-Round Range Summer Range Winter Range
Synonyms
	Anas fuligula Linnaeus, 1758

Short description: Species of bird

The tufted duck or tufted pochard (Aythya fuligula) is a small diving duck with a population of close to one million birds, found in northern Eurasia. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek aithuia, an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin fuligo 'soot' and gula 'throat'.^[2]

Description

The adult male is all black except for white flanks and a blue-grey bill with gold-yellow eyes, along with a thin crest on the back of its head. It has an obvious head tuft that gives the species its name. The adult female is brown with paler flanks, and is more easily confused with other diving ducks. In particular, some have white around the bill base which resembles the scaup species, although the white is never as extensive as in those ducks. The females' call is a harsh, growling "karr", mostly given in flight. The males are mostly silent but they make whistles during courtship based on a simple "wit-oo".

The only ducks which are similar are the greater scaup and lesser scaup, but these species have no tuft and a different call.

The tufted duck is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.

Refer to the following table for measurements of the tufted duck:^[3]

Tufted duck measurements
Measurement	Male	Female
Range of mass	753-1026.2 g	629-906.8 g
Average of mass	889.6 g	768.3 g
Range of length	40.6-45.7 cm	40.6-45.7 cm
Average of length	43.2 cm	43.2 cm
Range of wingspan	20.2-21.2 cm	19.4-20.7 cm

Distribution

The tufted duck breeds throughout temperate and northern Eurasia. It occasionally can be found as a winter visitor along both coasts of the United States and Canada . It is believed to have expanded its traditional range with the increased availability of open water due to gravel extraction, and the spread of freshwater mussels, a favourite food. These ducks are migratory in most of their range, and overwinter in the milder south and west of Europe, southern Asia and all year in the British Isles. One individual has been reported as far south as Melbourne, Australia . They form large flocks on open water in winter.

Habitat

Their breeding habitat is close to marshes and lakes with plenty of vegetation to conceal the nest. They are also found on coastal lagoons, shorelines and sheltered ponds.

Food

These birds feed mainly by diving, but they will sometimes upend from the surface.^[4] They eat molluscs, aquatic insects and some plants and sometimes feed at night.