Biology:Vulpini

From HandWiki
Short description: Tribe of carnivores, most called 'fox'

Vulpini
Vulpini.jpg
Clockwise from top: red fox, bat-eared fox, tanuki
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Subfamily: Caninae
Tribe: Vulpini
Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832
Genera[1]

Vulpini is a taxonomic rank which represents the fox-like tribe of the subfamily Caninae (the canines), and is sister to the dog-like tribe Canini.[2]

Genera

Image Genus Species
Raccoon Dog01.jpg Nyctereutes Temminck, 1838
  • Nyctereutes procyonoides
  • Nyctereutes viverrinus
  • †Nyctereutes abdeslami
  • †Nyctereutes donnezani
  • †Nyctereutes megamastoides
  • †Nyctereutes sinensis
  • †Nyctereutes tingi
  • †Nyctereutes vinetorum
Otocyon megalotis - Etosha 2014.jpg Otocyon S. Müller, 1835
  • Otocyon megalotis
Fox - British Wildlife Centre (17429406401).jpg Vulpes Garsault, 1764
  • Vulpes bengalensis
  • Vulpes cana
  • Vulpes chama
  • Vulpes corsac
  • Vulpes ferrilata
  • Vulpes lagopus
  • Vulpes macrotis
  • Vulpes pallida
  • Vulpes rueppellii
  • Vulpes velox
  • Vulpes vulpes
  • Vulpes zerda
  • †Vulpes hassani
  • †Vulpes praeglacialis
  • †Vulpes qiuzhudingi
  • †Vulpes riffautae
  • †Vulpes rooki
  • †Vulpes skinneri
  • †Vulpes stenognathus
†Ferrucyon Ruiz-Ramoni et al., 2020
  • †Ferrucyon avius
†Metalopex S. Müller, 1835
  • †Metalopex bakeri Tedford et al. 2009
  • †Metalopex macconnelli Tedford et al. 2009
  • †Metalopex merriami Tedford and Wang, 2008
†Prototocyon Pohle, 1928

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of Carnivora in general and Canidae in particular correlates with various diagnostic features of the dentition and basicranium. Rergarding Vulpini, Tedford has remarked:

These small canids are distinguished from all other Caninae in possessing a wide paroccipital process that is broadly sutured to the posterior surface of the bulla with a short and laterally turned free tip that barely extends below the body of the process. The presence of a metaconule and postprotocrista on M2 of vulpines represents the culmination of a reversal that began with late Leptocyon species to resume the form of the primitive canine M2.
—Richard H. Tedford[2]

The cladogram below is based on the phylogeny of Lindblad-Toh (2005)[3] modified to incorporate recent findings on Vulpes.[4]

Vulpini
 

Otocyon megalotis (bat-eared fox) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes BHL19827472 white background.png

 
 
 

Nyctereutes (raccoon dogs) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XXXII).png

 
Vulpes
 
 

Vulpes zerda (fennec fox) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XXXVI).png

 
 

Vulpes cana (Blanford's fox) Blandford's fox.png

 
 
 
 

Vulpes chama (Cape fox) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XXXIII).png

 
 
 
 
 

Vulpes vulpes (red fox) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XXII).png

 
 

Vulpes rueppellii (Ruppell's fox) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XXXV).png

 
 
 
 

Vulpes corsac (corsac fox) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XXVII).png

 
 

Vulpes ferrilata (Tibetan sand fox) Tibetan sand fox illustration, transparent background.png

 
 
 
 
 

Vulpes macrotis (kit fox) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XXV).png

 
 

Vulpes lagopus (Arctic fox) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XXVI).png

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Damián Ruiz-Ramoni; Francisco Juan Prevosti; Saverio Bartolini Lucenti; Marisol Montellano-Ballesteros; Ana Luisa Carreño (2020). "The Pliocene canid Cerdocyon avius was not the type of fox that we thought". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40 (2): e1774889. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1774889. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). "Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325: 1–218. doi:10.1206/574.1. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/2246/5999/1/B325.pdf. 
  3. ↑ Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Wade, Claire M.; Mikkelsen, Tarjei S.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Jaffe, David B.; Kamal, Michael et al. (2005). "Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog". Nature 438 (7069): 803–819. doi:10.1038/nature04338. PMID 16341006. Bibcode: 2005Natur.438..803L. 
  4. ↑ Zhao, Chao; Zhang, Honghai; Liu, Guangshuai; Yang, Xiufeng; Zhang, Jin (2016). "The complete mitochondrial genome of the Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata) and implications for the phylogeny of Canidae". Comptes Rendus Biologies 339 (2): 68–77. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2015.11.005. ISSN 1631-0691. PMID 26868757. 

Wikidata ☰ Q30223 entry




Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Vulpini&oldid=3571751"