Biology:Wintonotitan
Wintonotitan (meaning "Winton titan") is a genus of titanosauriform dinosaur from the Cenomanian-aged (Late Cretaceous)[1] Winton Formation of Australia. It is known from partial postcranial remains.
Description and history
Fossils that are now known under the name Wintonotitan were first found in 1974 by Keith Watts. At the time, the specimens were assigned to an Austrosaurus sp., Austrosaurus then being the only named Australian Cretaceous sauropod genus. These fossils, catalogued as QMF 7292, consisted of a left shoulder blade, much of the forelimbs, a number of back, hip, and tail vertebrae, part of the right hip, ribs, chevrons, and unidentifiable fragments. QMF 7292 was established as the type specimen of Wintonotitan in 2009 by Scott Hocknull and colleagues. Hocknull suggested that Austrosaurus mckillopi differed only slightly from the QMF 7292, the holotype of Wintonotitan wattsii, and should be considered a nomen dubium. The type species is W. wattsi, honoring the original discoverer.[2]
Palaeoecology
QMF 7292 was found about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Winton, near Elderslie Station. A second specimen, QMF 10916, consisting of isolated tail vertebrae, was found at Chorregan. Both were recovered from the lower part of the Winton Formation, dated to the Cenomanian. QMF 7292 was found in sandstone interpreted as a point bar of a river. Also found at the site were fish fragments, a theropod tooth, and a variety of plant fossils, including woody stems, branch impressions, cones and cone scales, and pieces of leaves. The Winton Formation had a faunal assemblage including bivalves, gastropods, insects, the lungfish Metaceratodus, turtles, the crocodilian Isisfordia, pterosaurs, and several types of dinosaurs, such as the theropod Australovenator, the sauropod Diamantinasaurus, and unnamed ankylosaurians and ornithopods. Wintonotitan bones can be distinguished from Diamantinasaurus bones because Wintonotitan bones are not as robust. Plants known from the formation include ferns, ginkgoes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.[2] Like other sauropods, Wintonotitan would have been a large quadrupedal herbivore.[3]
Classification
In their 2009 description, Hocknull et al. found Wintonotitan to be a non-titanosaurian titanosauriform sauropod in their phylogenetic analyses.[2] A similar placement was also recovered in several analyses in the subsequent years, including by Poropat et al. (2021) in their description of Diamantinasaurus fossil material.[4][5] Their results are displayed in the cladogram below:
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The phylogenetic placement of the contemporary sauropods in the Winton Formation (Australotitan, Diamantinasaurus, and Savannasaurus) has been contentious. While they are consistently found to nest together in a monophyletic clade called the Diamantinasauria, the placement of this clade is inconsistent between analyses.[6] While some authors have found it in various placements within the Titanosauria, others recover it just outside of this clade.[7] In their 2024 review and analysis of sauropod fossils from the Winton Formation, Beeston et al. reviewed the relationships of diamantinasaur specimens in a phylogenetic analysis, and recovered the clade as the sister taxon to the Titanosauria within the Somphospondyli. This marked the first time Wintonotitan was recovered within the Diamantinasauria. Their results are displayed in the cladogram below:[8]
| Somphospondyli |
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References
- ↑ Poropat, Stephen F.; Bell, Phil R.; Hart, Lachlan J.; Salisbury, Steven W.; Kear, Benjamin P. (2023-04-03). "An annotated checklist of Australian Mesozoic tetrapods" (in en). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 47 (2): 129–205. doi:10.1080/03115518.2023.2228367. ISSN 0311-5518. Bibcode: 2023Alch...47..129P. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03115518.2023.2228367.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hocknull, Scott A.; White, Matt A.; Tischler, Travis R.; Cook, Alex G.; Calleja, Naomi D.; Sloan, Trish; Elliott, David A. (2009). Sereno, Paul. ed. "New Mid-Cretaceous (Latest Albian) Dinosaurs from Winton, Queensland, Australia". PLOS ONE 4 (7). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006190. PMID 19584929. Bibcode: 2009PLoSO...4.6190H.
- ↑ Upchurch, Paul; Barrett, Paul M.; Dodson, Peter. (2004). "Sauropoda". in Weishampel, David B.. The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 259–322. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. https://archive.org/details/dinosauriandedit00weis.
- ↑ Royo-Torres, R.; Fuentes, C.; Meijide-Fuentes, F.; Meijide-Fuentes, M. (2017). "A new Brachiosauridae Sauropod dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous of Europe (Soria Province, Spain)". Cretaceous Research 80: 38–55. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.08.012. Bibcode: 2017CrRes..80...38R.
- ↑ Poropat, Stephen F; Kundrát, Martin; Mannion, Philip D; Upchurch, Paul; Tischler, Travis R; Elliott, David A (2021-01-20). "Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs" (in en). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (2): 610–674. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa173. ISSN 0024-4082.
- ↑ Poropat, S. F.; Mannion, P. D.; Rigby, S. L.; Duncan, R. J.; Pentland, A. H.; Bevitt, J. J.; Sloan, T.; Elliott, D. A. (2023). "A nearly complete skull of the sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae from the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Australia and implications for the early evolution of titanosaurs". Royal Society Open Science 10 (4): 221618. doi:10.1098/rsos.221618. PMID 37063988. Bibcode: 2023RSOS...1021618P.
- ↑ Han, F.; Yang, L.; Lou, F.; Sullivan, C.; Xu, X.; Qiu, W.; Liu, H.; Yu, J. et al. (2024). "A new titanosaurian sauropod, Gandititan cavocaudatus gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous of southern China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 22 (1): 2293038. doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2293038. Bibcode: 2024JSPal..2293038H. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2023.2293038.
- ↑ Beeston, S. L.; Poropat, S. F.; Mannion, P. D.; Pentland, A. H.; Enchelmaier, M. J.; Sloan, T.; Elliott, D. A. (2024). "Reappraisal of sauropod dinosaur diversity in the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia, through 3D digitisation and description of new specimens". PeerJ 12: e17180. doi:10.7717/peerj.17180. PMID 38618562.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q132883 entry
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