Biology:Xeromphalina campanella
| Xeromphalina campanella | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | X. campanella
|
| Binomial name | |
| Xeromphalina campanella (Batsch) Kühner & Maire 1953[1]
| |
Xeromphalina campanella is a species of mushroom. The common names of the species include the golden trumpet and the bell Omphalina. The genus name Xeromphalina means "little dry navel" and campanella means "bell-shaped", respectively describing the mature and young shapes of the pileus, or cap.[2] The mushroom is also called fuzzy-foot.[3]
Description
The fruit body of X. campanella has a small umbrella-shaped cap, about .5–2 cm wide.[4] The thin brown stalk is 1–5 cm long and 1–3 mm wide, yellow at the apex, reddish brown below, with brown or yellow hairs at the base.[4][5] The gills are pale yellow to pale orange.[4] The spore print is pale buff.[5] When the species is young, their caps are bell-shaped. As they mature, the outer part of the cap expands and rises which leaves the center depressed, resembling a navel.[6]
Edibility
Although the species is not poisonous,[2] the mushrooms are small and bitter tasting with no value as edibles.[6][7] David Arora suggests that the mushroom is a small morsel that is hardly worth eating.[8] Despite many authors calling the mushroom inedible, author Bill Russell knows people that eat the mushroom frequently.[9]
Habitat
The fruiting occurs in clumps or very dense clusters on decaying logs, stumps, and woody debris of coniferous trees. The species is commonly found in North America.[5] At times, the species almost entirely covers old tree stumps.[2] The species can be found in any wet season of the year.[6]
Similar species
| Xeromphalina campanella | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | gills on hymenium |
 | cap is convex or depressed |
 | hymenium is decurrent |
 | stipe is bare |
 | spore print is white |
 | ecology is saprotrophic |
 | edibility: unknown or inedible |
Xeromphalina campanelloides is distinguishable via microscopic features.[10] Xeromphalina kauffmanii resembles the species, but has a more yellow cap[10] and grows on decaying wood of broad-leaved trees.[2] Xeromphalina brunneola also resembles the species, but has smaller, narrowly elliptical spores, and differs in odor, taste, and cap color.[11] Xeromphalina cauticinalis, X. cornui, and X. fulvipes are also similar.[10]
References
- ↑ "Xeromphalina campanella". Mycobank. http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=29293&Fields=All.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 C. Roody, William (2003). Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 124. ISBN 978-0-8131-9039-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=5HGMPEiy4ykC&q=Xeromphalina+campanella&pg=PA124.
- ↑ G. Cassidy, Frediric (1991). Dictionary of American Regional English: D - H, Volume 2. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-20511-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=vAr2T4Bh7nkC&q=Xeromphalina+campanella&pg=PA610.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 170. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797915861.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 McKnight, Kent H.; McKnight, Vera B. (1998). A Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 196, 270. ISBN 978-0395910900. https://books.google.com/books?id=T2uU12XcRD4C&pg=PA270.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Metzler, Susan and Van (1992). Texas mushrooms: a field guide. University of Texas Press. pp. 150. ISBN 978-0-292-75125-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=HRtfvVigMmsC&q=Xeromphalina+campanella&pg=PA150.
- ↑ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. pp. 193. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
- ↑ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi. Ten Speed Press. pp. 634. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5. https://archive.org/details/mushroomsdemysti00aror_0. "Clavariadelphus truncatus."
- ↑ Russel, Bill (2006). Field guide to wild mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic. Penn State Press. pp. 203. ISBN 978-0-271-02891-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=vLgjr5p0XFkC&q=Xeromphalina+campanella&pg=PT214.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=WevHvt6Tr8kC.
- ↑ Bessette, Alan (1995). Mushrooms of North America in color. Syracuse University Press. pp. 93. ISBN 978-0-8156-0323-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=NTYmbtrry3cC&q=Xeromphalina+campanella&pg=PA93.
Wikidata ☰ Q3270252 entry
 |  |
