Biology:Zosterops

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Zosterops (meaning "eye-girdle") is a genus of passerine birds containing the typical white-eyes in the white-eye family Zosteropidae. The genus has the largest number of species in the white-eye family. They occur in the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, and Australasian realms. Typical white-eyes have a length of between 8 and 15 cm (3 and 6 in). Their most characteristic feature is a conspicuous white feather ring around the eye, though some species lack it. The species in this group vary in the structural adaptations of the tongue.[1] The Zosterops [griseotinctus] group is an example of a "great speciator" inhabiting a vast area and showing a remarkable morphological differentiation on islands, some of which may be as close as 2 km (1.2 mi) apart.[2]

Systematics

The genus Zosterops was introduced by the naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827.[3] The name combines the Ancient Greek words zōstēros "belt" or "girdle" and ōpos "eye".[4] The type species was designated as the Malagasy white-eye by René Lesson in 1828.[5][6]

The results of a series of molecular phylogenetic studies of the Zosteropidae published between 2014 and 2018 prompted a major revision of species limits, in which 10 new genera were introduced. In the reorganisation, the English names of three of the existing genera were replaced.[7][8][9][10][11]

Additionally, a study on Sri Lanka white-eyes (Zosterops ceylonensis) and Indian white-eyes (Zosterops palpebrosus) suggests that the Sri Lanka white-eye is the root species and the origin of all Zosterops species.[12] This raises questions upon the former theory of Southeast Asian origin.

Species

Black-capped white-eye
Z. atricapilla
Mauritius grey white-eye
Zosterops mauritianus
Mauritius olive white-eye
Zosterops chloronothos

There are over 100 species in the genus. The genus includes three or four species (denoted by a dagger † in the list below) that have become extinct since the 16th century.[11]

References

  1. ↑ Moreau, R. E.; Perrins, M.; Hughes, J. T. (1969). "Tongues of the Zosteropidae (white-eyes)". Ardea 57: 29–47. 
  2. ↑ Moyle, R. G.; Filardi, C. E.; Smith, C. E.; Diamond, J. (2009). "Explosive Pleistocene diversification and hemispheric expansion of a "great speciator"". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (6): 1863–1868. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809861105. PMID 19181851. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..106.1863M. 
  3. ↑ Vigors, Nicholas Aylward; Horsfield, Thomas (1826). "Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities" (in en, la). Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15 (1): 170–334 [234]. 1827. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/778483.  The title page is dated 1826.
  4. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 414. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n414/mode/1up. 
  5. ↑ Lesson, René P. (1828) (in French). Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux. 1. Paris: Roret. p. 286. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55490369. 
  6. ↑ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 290. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14482407. 
  7. ↑ Cox, S.C.; Prys-Jones, R.P.; Habel, J.C.; Amakobe, B.A.; Day, J.J. (2014). "Niche divergence promotes rapid diversification of East African sky island white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae)". Molecular Ecology 23 (16): 4103–4118. doi:10.1111/mec.12840. PMID 24954273. Bibcode: 2014MolEc..23.4103C. 
  8. ↑ Wells, D.R. (2017). "Zosterops white-eyes in continental South-East Asia. 1: proposed refinements to the regional definition of Oriental White-eye Z. palpebrosus". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 137 (2): 100–109. doi:10.25226/bboc.v137i2.2017.a12. 
  9. ↑ Wells, D.R. (2017). "Zosterops white-eyes in continental South-East Asia. 2: what is Zosterops auriventer Hume?". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 137 (2): 110–117. doi:10.25226/bboc.v137i2.2017.a13. 
  10. ↑ Lim, B.T.M.; Sadanandan, K.R.; Dingle, C.; Leung, Y.Y.; Prawiradilaga, D.M.; Irham, M.; Ashari, H.; Lee, J.G.H. et al. (2018). "Molecular evidence suggests radical revision of species limits in the great speciator white‑eye genus Zosterops". Journal of Ornithology 160: 1–16. doi:10.1007/s10336-018-1583-7. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (August 2024). "Sylviid babblers, parrotbills, white-eyes". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/sylvias/. 
  12. ↑ Wickramasinghe, Nelum; Robin, V. V.; Ramakrishnan, Uma; Reddy, Sushma; Seneviratne, Sampath S. (2017). "Non-sister Sri Lankan white-eyes (genus Zosterops) are a result of independent colonizations". PLOS ONE 12 (8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181441. PMID 28792950. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1281441W. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List" (in en-US). https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/. 
  14. ↑ BirdLife International (BirdLife International) (2016-10-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Zosterops conspicillatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/103889155/117351603. 
  15. ↑ Anderson, Natali (2022-10-21). "Newly-Described Bird Species is Endemic to Indonesian Island | Sci.News" (in en-US). https://www.sci.news/biology/zosterops-paruhbesar-11318.html. 

Wikidata ☰ Q226900 entry



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