Chemistry:Colemanite
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| Colemanite | |
|---|---|
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| General | |
| Category | Inoborates |
| Formula (repeating unit) | Ca2B6O11·5H2O |
| Strunz classification | 6.CB.10 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | P21/a |
| Unit cell | a = 8.712(2) Å, b = 11.247(3) Å, c = 6.091(1) Å; β = 110.12°; Z = 4 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless, white, yellowish, grey |
| Crystal habit | Massive granular to coarsely crystalline, most commonly nodular. |
| Cleavage | [010] perfect, [001] distinct |
| Fracture | Brittle uneven to subconchoidal |
| Mohs scale hardness | 4.5 |
| |re|er}} | Vitreous |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent |
| Specific gravity | 2.42 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.586 nβ = 1.592 nγ = 1.614 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.028 |
| Fusibility | 1.5 |
| Diagnostic features | Exfoliates on heating, produces a green flame |
| Other characteristics | Bright pale yellow fluorescence, may phosphoresce pale green; pyroelectric and piezoelectric at very low temperature. |
| References | [1][2][3][4][5] |
It was first described in 1884 for an occurrence near Furnace Creek in Death Valley and was named after William Tell Coleman (1824–1893), owner of the mine "Harmony Borax Works" where it was first found.[3] At the time, Coleman had alternatively proposed the name "smithite" instead after his business associate Francis Marion Smith.[7]
Uses
Colemanite was the most important ore of boron until the discovery of kernite in 1926. It has many industrial uses such as in heat resistant glass manufacturing.[8]
Occurrence
About 40% of the world's known colemanite reserves are at the Emet mine in western Turkey.[9] Other important sources in Turkey are found at Bigadiç and Kestelek.[10]
See also
References
- ↑ Schorn, Stefan (2021). "Colemanit (Colemanite)". https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?mineral=Colemanite.
- ↑ Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. (1993). Manual of mineralogy: (after James D. Dana) (21st ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 422. ISBN 0-471-57452-X.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Colemanite, MinDat.org, http://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=1108
- ↑ "Colemanite mineral data". http://webmineral.com/data/Colemanite.shtml.
- ↑ Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005). "Colemanite". http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/colemanite.pdf.
- ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine 85 (3): 291–320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. Bibcode: 2021MinM...85..291W.
- ↑ Hildebrand, GH. (1982) Borax Pioneer: Francis Marion Smith. San Diego: Howell-North Books. p 31 ISBN 0-8310-7148-6
- ↑ "Nitrates". Simon & Schuster's Guide to Rocks and Minerals. Simon & Schuster. 1977. p. entry 111. ISBN 978-0-671-24417-0. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780671244170.
- ↑ "Emet". https://www.etimaden.gov.tr/en/emet.
- ↑ "Country Profile – Boron Turkey". 25 September 2021. https://borates.today/country-profile-boron-turkey/.
External links
- Template:Cci
- "Death Valley - Historic Resource Study - A History of Mining". http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/deva/section3e1.htm.
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