Chemistry:GD2
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| IUPAC name
(2R,4R,5S,6S)-2-[3-[(2S,3S,4R,6S)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(octadecanoylamino)octadec-4-enoxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3-amino-6-carboxy-4-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]-2,3-dihydroxypropoxy]-5-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid
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| Other names
Ganglioside G2
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C74H134N4O32 | |
| Molar mass | 1591.882 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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| Infobox references | |
GD2 is a disialoganglioside expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, including human neuroblastoma and melanoma, with highly restricted expression on normal tissues, principally to the cerebellum and peripheral nerves in humans.
The relatively tumor-specific expression of GD2 makes it a suitable target for immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies or with artificial T cell receptors.[1] An example of such antibodies is hu14.18K322A, a monoclonal antibody. This anti-GD2 antibody is currently undergoing a phase II clinical trial in the treatment of previously untreated high risk neuroblastoma given alongside combination chemotherapy prior to stem cell transplant and radiation therapy.[2] A prior phase I clinical trial for patients with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma designed to decrease toxicity found safe dosage amounts and determined that common toxicities, particularly pain, could be well managed.[3] The chimeric (murine-human) anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody ch14.18 is FDA-approved for the treatment of pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma and has been studied in patients with other GD2-expressing tumors.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ Wierzbicki, Andrzej; Gil, Margaret; Ciesielski, Michael; Fenstermaker, Robert A.; Kaneko, Yutaro; Rokita, Hanna; Lau, Joseph T.; Kozbor, Danuta (2008). "Immunization with a Mimotope of GD2 Ganglioside Induces CD8+ T Cells That Recognize Cell Adhesion Molecules on Tumor Cells". Journal of Immunology 181 (9): 6644–6653. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6644. PMID 18941255.
- ↑ "Clinical trials using anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A". https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/intervention/anti-gd2-monoclonal-antibody-hu1418k322a.
- ↑ "Phase I trial of a novel anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody, Hu14.18K322A, designed to decrease toxicity in children with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma". Journal of Clinical Oncology 32 (14): 1445–52. May 2014. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.50.4423. PMID 24711551.
- ↑ "Disialoganglioside GD2 Expression in Solid Tumors and Role as a Target for Cancer Therapy". Frontiers in Oncology 10: 1000. July 2020. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.01000. ISSN 2234-943X. PMID 32733795.
Further reading
- "Engineering anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies for cancer immunotherapy". FEBS Lett 588 (2): 288–97. January 2014. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.030. PMID 24295643.
- "Neuroblastoma: developmental biology, cancer genomics and immunotherapy". Nat Rev Cancer 13 (6): 397–411. June 2013. doi:10.1038/nrc3526. PMID 23702928.
- "GD3 synthase regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in breast cancer". Oncogene 34 (23): 2958–67. June 2015. doi:10.1038/onc.2014.245. PMID 25109336.
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