Chemistry:Indium(I) chloride
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| Properties | |
| Appearance | red and yellow |
| Density | 4.218 g/cm3[1] |
| Melting point | 216 °C (421 °F; 489 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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Indium(I) chloride (also indium monochloride) is the chemical compound with the formula InCl. Indium monochloride occurs as a yellow cubic form below 120 °C and above this temperature as a red orthorhombic form.[2] InCl is one of three known indium chlorides.
Synthesis and structure
InCl can be prepared by heating indium metal with indium trichloride in a sealed tube.[3][4]
According to X-ray crystallography, the structure of the yellow polymorph resembles that of sodium chloride except that the Cl-In-Cl angles are not 90°, but range between 71 and 130°. The red (high T) polymorph crystallizes in the thallium(I) iodide motif.[5][6]
Reactivity
The relatively high energy level of the 5s electrons of the indium center make InCl susceptible to oxidation as well as disproportionation into In(0) and InCl3.[2] Tetrahydrofuran (THF) appears to facilitate the disproptionation of InCl as well as other indium(I) halides.[2]
History
Indium(I) chloride was first isolated in 1926 as part of an investigation on the compounds formed between indium and chlorine.[7]
References
- ↑ Van Den Berg, J. M. (1966). "The crystal structure of the room temperature modification of indium chloride, InCl". Acta Crystallographica 20 (6): 905–910. doi:10.1107/S0365110X66002032. Bibcode: 1966AcCry..20..905V.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Pardoe, Jennifer A. J.; Downs, Anthony J. (2007-01-01). "Development of the Chemistry of Indium in Formal Oxidation States Lower than +3" (in en). Chemical Reviews 107 (1): 2–45. doi:10.1021/cr068027+. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 17212469. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068027%2B.
- ↑ Annan, Theodore A.; Chadha, Raj K.; Doan, Peter; McConville, David H.; McGarvey, Bruce R.; Ozarowski, Andrzej; Tuck, Dennis G. (October 1990). "One-electron transfer processes in the reaction of indium(I) halides with substituted o-quinones" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 29 (20): 3936–3943. doi:10.1021/ic00345a007. ISSN 0020-1669. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic00345a007.
- ↑ Poland, J. S.; Tuck, D. G. (1972-09-01). "Coordination compounds of indium: XIV. The insertion of indium(I) iodide into carbon-iodide bonds". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 42 (2): 315–323. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)90080-9. ISSN 0022-328X. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022328X00900809.
- ↑ Van Der Vorst, C.P.J.M.; Maaskant, W.J.A. (1980). "Stereochemically active (5s)2 Lone Pairs in the Structures of α-InCl and β-InCl". Journal of Solid State Chemistry 34 (3): 301–313. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(80)90428-4.
- ↑ Van Der Vorst, C. P. J. M.; Verschoor, G. C.; Maaskant, W. J. A. (1978). "The Structures of Yellow and Red Indium Monochloride". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry 34 (11): 3333–3335. doi:10.1107/S056774087801081X. Bibcode: 1978AcCrB..34.3333V.
- ↑ Klemm, Wilhelm (1926). "Messungen an Indiumhalogeniden I". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 152: 252–266. doi:10.1002/zaac.19261520128.
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