Chemistry:Nickel arsenide
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Short description: Chemical compound of nickel and arsenic
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3D model (JSmol)
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| Properties | |
| AsNi | |
| Molar mass | 133.6150 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | red solid |
| Density | 7.57 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 968 °C (1,774 °F; 1,241 K) |
| nearly insoluble | |
| Hazards | |
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| GHS Signal word | Danger |
| H350i, H372, H317, H410 | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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6000 mg/kg (acute oral, rat)[1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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Tracking categories (test):
Nickel arsenide refers to inorganic compounds composed of nickel and arsenic. Several forms exist including a monoarsenide with the chemical formula NiAs and another with the formula Ni5As2.[2] It is highly toxic and a known carcinogen.[3]
Occurrence
Nickel arsenide occurs in the following minerals:
- Nickeline (NiAs)[4]
- Orcelite (Ni5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25)[5]
- Maucherite (Ni11As8)[6]
Preparation
Nickel arsenide can be prepared by direct combination of the elements:[7]
- Ni(s) + As(s) → NiAs(s)
History
Nickel arsenide was one of the first compounds that revealed the toxicity of nickel. The damage to the miners' lungs was documented by Georgius Agricola in the 16th century: "kupfer-nickel" ores in the Schneeberg mines contained red-colored NiAs mineral originally mistaken for the copper ore, thus the German: kupfer (copper) in the name. The German: Nickel (demon) name was reflecting the damage it did to the health of the workers,[8] in addition to them being unable to extract any copper from this ore.
References
- ↑ Reagan, E. L. (1992). "Acute Oral LD50 Study in Rats with Nickel Arsenide". Journal of the American College of Toxicology (SAGE Publications) 11 (6): 695. doi:10.3109/10915819209142088. ISSN 0730-0913.
- ↑ Heyding, R. D.; Calvert, L. D. (October 1957). "Arsenides of the transition metals: ii. the nickel arsenides". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 35 (10): 1205–1215. doi:10.1139/v57-161. ISSN 0008-4042. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/v57-161.
- ↑ Gurley, Lawrence; Valdez, Joseph; Miglio, John; Cox, Summers; Tobey, Robert (1986). "Biological availability of nickel arsenides: Cellular response to soluble Ni5As2" (in en). Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 17 (1): 101–117. doi:10.1080/15287398609530806. ISSN 1528-7394. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15287398609530806.
- ↑ "Nickeline". https://www.mindat.org/show.php?id=2901.
- ↑ "Orcelite". https://www.mindat.org/min-3012.html.
- ↑ "Maucherite". https://www.mindat.org/min-2599.html.
- ↑ Shriver, D.; Atkins, P. (2009). Shriver and Atkins' Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. p. 383. ISBN 978-1-4292-1820-7.
- ↑ Sunderman, F.W. (1989). "A pilgrimage into the archives of nickel toxicology". Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science 19 (1): 1–16. ISSN 0091-7370. PMID 2644888. http://www.annclinlabsci.org/content/19/1/1.full.pdf. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
Further reading
- Thompson, J.G.; Rae, A.D.; Withers, R.L.; Welberry, T.R.; Willis, A.C. (1988-08-10). "The crystal structure of nickel arsenide". Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics (IOP Publishing) 21 (22): 4007–4015. doi:10.1088/0022-3719/21/22/016. ISSN 0022-3719. Bibcode: 1988JPhC...21.4007T.
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