Chemistry:Sodium propionate
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Sodium propanoate | |
| Other names
Sodium propionate
Napropion E281 | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
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| Properties | |
| C3H5NaO2 | |
| Molar mass | 96.060 g/mol |
| Appearance | Transparent crystals |
| Odor | faint acetic-butyric odor |
| Melting point | 289 °C (552 °F; 562 K) |
| 1 g/mL | |
| Solubility in ethanol | 41.7 g/L |
| Pharmacology | |
| 1=ATC code }} | S01AX10 (WHO) QA16QA02 (WHO) |
| Hazards | |
| GHS pictograms |   
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| GHS Signal word | Danger |
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| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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6332 mg/kg (mouse, oral)[2] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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| Infobox references | |
Sodium propanoate or sodium propionate is the sodium salt of propionic acid which has the chemical formula Na(C2H5COO). This white crystalline solid is deliquescent in moist air.[2]
Structure
Anhydrous sodium propionate is a polymeric structure, featuring trigonal prismatic Na+ centers bonded to six oxygen ligands provided by the carboxylates. A layered structure is observed, with the hydrophobic ethyl groups projecting into the layered galleries. With hydrated sodium propionate, some of these Na-carboxylate linkages are displaced by water.
Preparation
It is produced by the reaction of propionic acid and sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.[4]
Uses
It is used as a food preservative and is represented by the food labeling E number E281 in Europe; it is used primarily as a mold inhibitor in bakery products. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU,[5] USA[6] and Australia and New Zealand[7] (where it is listed by its INS number 281).
Reactions
Decomposition takes place via ketonization, yielding the symmetric ketone (3-pentanone) and sodium carbonate:[4]
- 2Na(O2CEt) → Na2CO3 + Et(CO)Et
Some side reactions resulting in the release of carbon dioxide are observed.[4]
See also
- Propionic acid, E 280
- Calcium propionate, E 282
- Potassium propionate, E 283
References
- ↑ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 8623.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 PubChem. "Sodium Propionate" (in en). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2723816.
- ↑ Fábry, Jan; Samolová, Erika (2020). "Layered alkali propanoates M+(C2H5COO)−; M+= Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+". Acta Crystallographica Section E 76 (9): 1508–1513. doi:10.1107/S2056989020011469. PMID 32939309. Bibcode: 2020AcCrE..76.1508F.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Grivel, J. -C. (2018-11-01). "New insights into the thermal behavior and decomposition of sodium propionate". Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 136: 62–68. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2018.10.023. ISSN 0165-2370. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237018305965.
- ↑ UK Food Standards Agency: "Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers". http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- ↑ US Food and Drug Administration: "Listing of Food Additives Status Part II". https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/ucm191033.htm#ftnT. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- ↑ Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code"Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients". 8 September 2011. http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
External links
- Sodium propanoate at Sci-toys.com
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