Chemistry:Thorium(IV) bromide
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| ThBr4 | |
| Molar mass | 551.65 |
| Appearance | white solid |
| Density | 5.72 g·cm−3 (α) 5.76 g·cm−3 (β) |
| Melting point | 678±5 °C[1] |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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Thorium(IV) bromide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of ThBr4.
Preparation
Thorium(IV) bromide can be obtained by reacting thorium dioxide, bromine and carbon at 800~900 °C. This method produces a mixture of alpha and beta forms of thorium bromide. The pure α-form product is obtained by heating the mixture at 330~375 °C for a long time. The pure β form is obtained by heating the product to 470 °C and then rapidly cooling it in ice water.[2]
- ThO
2 + 2 C + 2 Br
2 ⟶ ThBr
4 + 2 CO
Thorium(IV) bromide can also be produced by the reaction of thorium and bromine. Thorium hydroxide reacts with hydrobromic acid to crystallize hydrates from the solution.[3]
Properties
Thorium(IV) bromide exists in low-temperature α-type and high-temperature β-type. They are both white deliquescent solids and are easily soluble in water, ethanol and ethyl acetate. It reacts with fluorine gas under standard conditions and with chlorine or oxygen when heated. The beta form of thorium bromide is metastable at room temperature and converts to the alpha form over 10 to 12 weeks, with the conversion from alpha to beta occurring at around 420 °C. The α-type thorium(IV) bromide is an orthorhombic crystal, while the β-type thorium(IV) bromide is a tetragonal crystal with space group I41/amd. Some of its hydrates are known, and these hydrates form thorium oxybromide on heating.[3]
References
- ↑ Mason, J.T.; Jha, M.C.; Bailey, D.M.; Chiotti, P. (April 1974). "Crystal structures of ThBr4 polymorphs" (in en). Journal of the Less Common Metals 35 (2): 331–338. doi:10.1016/0022-5088(74)90245-8. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022508874902458. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
- ↑ Georg Brauer, unter Mitarbeit von Marianne Baudler u. a. (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie. 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band I. Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6, S. 1136.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (2010-10-21) (in en). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (Set Vol.1-6): Volumes 1-6. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-94-007-0211-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=9vPuV3A0UGUC&pg=PA81.
External reading
- Mikheev, N. B.; Kamenskaya, A. N.; Kulyukhin, S. A.; Rumer, I. A.; Novichenko, V. L. (2001). "Sorption of CH3131I from the Gas Phase on Modified Metal-Substituted Zeolites Containing Copper and Silver Ions". Radiochemistry 43 (3): 293–296. doi:10.1023/a:1012868726987. ISSN 1066-3622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1012868726987.
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