Company:Diageo

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Short description: Multinational alcoholic beverages company
Diageo plc
TypePublic limited company
  • LSE: [Script error: No such module "Stock tickers/LSE". DGE]
  • NYSE: DEO
  • FTSE 100 Component
IndustryDrink industry
Predecessors
  • Guinness Brewery
  • Grand Metropolitan
Founded17 December 1997; 26 years ago (1997-12-17)
HeadquartersLondon, England, UK
Key people
Javier Ferrán
(Chairman)
Debra Crew
(CEO)
Lavanya Chandrashekar
(chief financial officer)
ProductsAlcoholic beverages: spirits, beer and wine
RevenueIncrease £22.448 billion (2022)[1]
Increase £4.409 billion (2022)[1]
Increase £3.338 billion (2022)[1]
Total assetsIncrease £36.516 billion (2022)[1]
Total equityIncrease £9.514 billion (2022)[1]
Number of employees
27,000 (2023)[2]
SubsidiariesUnited Spirits (54.8%)
Websitewww.diageo.com

Diageo plc (/diˈædʒioʊ/ dee-AJ-ee-oh) is a British multinational alcoholic beverage company, with its headquarters in London, England . It operates from 132 sites around the world.[1] It is a major distributor of Scotch whisky and other spirits. Distilleries owned by Diageo produce 40% of all Scotch whisky with over 24 brands, such as Johnnie Walker, J&B and Old Parr.[3]

Its leading brands include Guinness, Smirnoff, Baileys liqueur, Captain Morgan rum and Tanqueray and Gordon's gin.

Diageo has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.

Name

Diageo is an invented name that was created by the branding consultancy Wolff Olins in 1997.[4] The name is composed of the Latin word diēs, meaning "day", and the Greek root geo-, meaning "earth"; and is meant to reference the company slogan "Celebrating Life, Every Day, Everywhere".[5][6]

History

Formation

Diageo was formed in 1997 from the merger of Guinness plc and Grand Metropolitan. Its creation was driven by the executives Anthony Greener and Philip Yea at Guinness,[7] along with George Bull and John McGrath of Grand Metropolitan.[8] Anthony Greener was the first executive chairman.[9] Shares in Diageo began trading on the London Stock Exchange on 17 December 1997.[10]

Focus on alcoholic drinks

As a legacy of the merger, Diageo owned a number of brands, businesses, and assets which were not in the core alcoholic drinks category. The company has gradually disposed of these assets to focus on beverages as its core business.[11][12]

The sale of the Pillsbury Company was made to General Mills in 2000.[13]

In 2002, it sold the Burger King fast food restaurant chain to a consortium led by US firm Texas Pacific for US$1.5 billion[14]

The company owned the Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire, which had hosted events including the Ryder Cup and G8 summit, but in 2015 reached an agreement to sell the hotel to the Ennismore Group, already owners of The Hoxton hotels.[15]

In November 2016, Diageo announced its intention of selling at auction Sir Edwin Landseer's iconic 1851 painting The Monarch of the Glen – which the company owned, but which has been on loan to the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh since 1999 – as it has "no direct link to our business or brands",[16] being used on the label of rival brand Glenfiddich,[17] owned by William Grant & Sons. Following a fundraising campaign, the painting was sold to the National Galleries of Scotland for around half its assayed value of £8 million.[18][19]

Beer divestment

The company sold the Red Stripe beer brand, along with interests in other breweries, and the rights to Guinness in some territories to Heineken in 2015.[20][21]

In December 2023 it was speculated in the media that Diageo would exit from the beer market,[22] potentially including the Guinness brand,[23] but this was denied by the company.[24]

International expansion

The business has grown with purchases of alcohol businesses around the world, including the 2011 part-ownership and 2013 full acquisition of the Chinese baijiu manufacturer Sichuan Shuijingfang Company in China.[25][26]

The company further acquired Turkish liquor company Mey Icki for US$2.1 billion in 2011,[27][28] and in 2012 followed this with Brazilian cachaça manufacturer Ypióca for £300 million,[29] and the Indian United Spirits which they acquired a majority stake for £1.28 billion.[30][31]

In April 2015, Diageo acquired a 100 percent share in South African beer producer United National Breweries (UNB),[32] but it was announced in December 2018 that Diageo had entered into an agreement for the sale of UNB, expected to close in the second half of 2019.[33]

Spirit brand acquisition and disposal

The company sold the Bombay Sapphire gin and Dewar's scotch whisky brands to Bacardi in 1997 and 1998.[34][35]

In 2001, Diageo acquired the collapsed Seagram's spirits and wine businesses which included Captain Morgan and Seagram's blended whiskey.[36] The company later disposed of the Seagram's whiskey brand, along with Myers's Rum, Popov vodka, Booth's Gin, Goldschläger, Yukon Jack, Sambuca, and 11 other brands to the Sazerac Company in November 2018 for US$550 million,[37][38] but kept the Seagram's Seven Crown brand.[39]

Diageo acquired a 50% stake in Don Julio tequila through a joint venture with owner Jose Cuervo, for which they paid US$100 million in 2003.[40] They later obtained full ownership of the brand after agreeing to sell Bushmills Irish whiskey to Proximo Spirits, who had since acquired Jose Cuervo, in exchange for US$408 million and full ownership of the tequila brand.[41]

Diageo formed a relationship with rapper Sean Combs in an "equal-share venture" in 2007 to promote the Cîroc vodka brand,[42] and this led to the joint purchase of the DeLeón Tequila brand in 2013. The partnership was terminated in 2024 after a legal dispute, leaving Diageo the sole owner of both brands.[43]

In March 2016, the company sold Grand Marnier, a cognac and bitter orange-based liqueur, to the Italian beverage company Campari Group.[44]

In June 2017, the Casamigos tequila brand – a US-based tequila, launched in 2013 – became the latest addition to Diageo.[45]

In September 2022, Diageo sold Archers brand to De Kuyper Royal Distillers.[46]

In November 2022, it was announced that Diageo would acquire Balcones Distilling, a whiskey distiller based in Texas .[47]

In October 2023, Diageo sold Windsor Global, which owns blended Scotch brand Windsor, to private equity firm PT W Co of South Korea , sponsored by the Pine Tree Investment & Management Co.[48]

Wine business disposals

In October 2015, Diageo announced the sale of most of its wine business to Treasury Wine Estates.[49] Other brands, such as Navarro Correas and Chalone Vineyard, were sold separately.[50]

Expansions and investments

In June 2012, Diageo announced a £1 billion investment in Scotch whisky production over the following five years, with at least one new distillery to be constructed, several existing facilities to be expanded, and overall production capacity to be increased by 30 to 40 per cent.[51][52]

In December 2015, Diageo announced a US$10 million investment in Danish whisky brand Stauning, to facilitate expansion of production.[53]

In February 2017, Diageo announced plans to open a Guinness brewery and tourist attraction in Baltimore County, Maryland.[54] The brewery could potentially host as many as 300,000 visitors per year.[55]

In October 2021, Diageo announced plans to invest $500m to expand its manufacturing in Mexico for the tequila category. Construction of the new facilities in Jalisco, Mexico is expected to begin in 2021.[56]

Non-alcoholic expansion

In August 2019, Diageo bought the majority stake in Seedlip, a non-alcoholic spirits brand.[57]

In October 2022, it was announced Diageo had acquired the Australia n cold brew coffee liqueur brand, Mr Black.[58]

Corporate changes

In March 2023, it was announced that Debra Crew would succeed Sir Ivan Menezes as CEO of the company.[59] Crew started her role a month ahead of plan after Menezes died on 7 June 2023.[60]

In May 2023, it was announced that Diageo has provided funding to establish the British Alumunium Consortium for Advance Alloys (BACALL), a collective of industry experts who will create a circular economy in the UK.[61]

Controversies and legal issues

Criticism

In December 2003, Diageo provoked controversy over its decision to change its Cardhu brand Scotch whisky from a single malt to a blended malt whilst retaining the original name and bottle style. Diageo took this action because it did not have sufficient reserves to meet demand in the Spanish market, where Cardhu had been successful. After a meeting of producers, Diageo agreed to make changes.[62] In 2006, the Cardhu brand changed back to being a single malt.[63]

In May 2012, Scottish craft brewery BrewDog revealed that Diageo had threatened to withdraw funding from the British Institute of Innkeeping Scotland's annual awards if BrewDog was to be named winner of the Best Bar Operator award. Diageo was forced to issue an apology.[64][65][66]

In March 2015, Diageo released an advertising campaign showing a young girl crying with her makeup smeared as her sister looks at her from the doorway, and the caption, "Who's following in your footsteps? Out of control drinking has consequences". The director of Rape Crisis Network Ireland said Diageo "blames victims of sexual violence for the crimes that have been committed against them. This is a harmful, regressive and hurtful message which targets the vulnerable."[67]

Factory closures and moves

Diageo received major backlash from the public and the Scottish Government following the decision to close Johnnie Walker production in Kilmarnock, Scotland, the birthplace of the brand's founder and production hub since 1820

In July 2009, Diageo announced that, after nearly 200 years of association with the town of Kilmarnock, Scotland, they would be closing the Johnnie Walker blending and bottling plant[68] as part of a restructuring to the business. This would make 700 workers unemployed and caused outrage from the press, local people, and politicians. A campaign against this decision was launched by the local SNP MSP Willie Coffey and Labour MP Des Browne. A petition was drawn up against the plans, which also involved the closure of the historic Port Dundas grain distillery in Glasgow.[69] The Johnnie Walker plant in Kilmarnock closed its doors in March 2012 and the buildings were subsequently demolished a year later.[70]

In April 2011, the National Puerto Rican Coalition planned to run a series of ads in New York City and Puerto Rico urging a boycott of Diageo-owned alcoholic drinks to protest the corporation's production move of its Captain Morgan rum from Puerto Rico to the U.S. Virgin Islands,[71] which will provide it with US$2.7 billion in tax benefits over 30 years.[72]


Regulatory issues

In August 2011, Diageo agreed to pay more than US$16 million to settle U.S. civil regulatory charges that it made improper payments to foreign officials. Regulators accused the British company of violating the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act through its subsidiaries to obtain lucrative sales and tax benefits for its Johnnie Walker and Windsor Scotch whiskies and other brands.[73]

In January 2020, Diageo agreed to pay US$5 million to settle charges brought by the US Securities and Exchange Commission that alleged the company had pressured distributors to buy products in excess of demand in order to hit performance goals.[74][75]

Brands

Diageo's beverage brands include:[76]

  • Scotch whisky:
    • Single malt Scotch whisky: Auchroisk, Benrinnes, Blair Athol, Brora, Caol Ila, Cardhu, Clynelish, Cragganmore, Dailuaine, Dalwhinnie, Dufftown, Glendullan, Glen Elgin, Glenkinchie, Glen Ord, Glen Spey, Inchgower, Knockando, Lagavulin, Linkwood, Mannochmore, Mortlach, Oban, Roseisle, Royal Lochnagar, Singleton, Strathmill, Talisker, Teaninich, Classic Malts of Scotland.
    • Blended Scotch whisky: Bell's, Black & White, Buchanan's, Haig, Johnnie Walker, J&B, Logan, Old Parr, Vat 69, White Horse.
  • Irish whiskey: Roe & Co
  • American whiskey: Bulleit, George Dickel, Seagram's Seven Crown, Balcones[77]
  • Canadian whisky: Crown Royal
  • Baijiu: Shui Jing Fang[78]
  • Beer: Guinness, Guinness Black Lager, Guinness Foreign Extra Stout, Harp Lager, Hop House 13, Kilkenny, Smithwick's, Tusker[79]
  • Brandy: Cîroc VS
  • Cachaça: Ypióca
  • Cider: Rockshore Apple Cider[80]
  • Gin: Aviation Gin, Gilbey's, Gordon's, Tanqueray
  • Hard seltzer: Rockshore Hard seltzer[81]
  • Liqueur: Baileys, Pimm's, Sheridan's
  • Mixed drinks: Smirnoff Cocktails
  • Rakı: Altınbaş, Civan Rakı, İzmir Rakısı, Kulüp Rakı, Tayfa Rakı, Tekirdağ Rakısı, Yeni Rakı[82]
  • Rum: Bundaberg, Cacique, Captain Morgan, Pampero, Zacapa
  • Tequila: Casamigos, DeLeón, Don Julio
  • Vodka: Cîroc, Ketel One, Smirnoff
  • Wine: Justerini & Brooks (produced by Diageo); Dom Pérignon, Moët & Chandon, Veuve Clicquot (all produced by Moët Hennessy, a joint venture between Diageo (34%) and LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton S.A. (66%)

Worldwide

Diageo operates in 180 countries across five regions: Europe, North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia Pacific and Africa.[83]

Awards and rankings

In 2016, Diageo was ranked 11th out of 4,255 companies worldwide for diversity and inclusiveness in the Thomson Reuters Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Index.[84]

In June 2023, the company's subsidiary, Mortlach distillery in Moray, Scotland, was awarded the “Whisky of the Year” prize in the annual International Whisky Competition for its Gordon & MacPhail Connoisseurs Choice 1989 Mortlach single malt Scotch.[85]

Operations

Diageo also owns a 34% stake in the Moet Hennessy drinks division of French luxury goods company LVMH.[86]

In 2017, the company was awarded top place in the Institute of Directors' and Chartered Quality Institute's Good Governance Index.[87]

  • Diageo's Gimli Plant in Gimli, Manitoba, Canada, the global supply plant for Crown Royal (the top-selling Canadian whisky in United States[88])

  • Caol Ila distillery on the Isle of Islay, Scotland

  • Sterling Vineyards in Napa Valley, California

  • St James Gate Guinness Brewery in Dublin, Ireland

  • Diageo world headquarters in Park Royal, London

Head office

Diageo's head office is in Great Marlborough Street, London after moving from its previous location in Park Royal, London Borough of Brent,[89] on the site of a former Guinness brewery[90] which had closed in 2004 after producing beer since 1936.[91] Diageo's previous head office facility had been located in Henrietta Place, in the Marylebone district of the City of Westminster in London, since 1996. In 2009, Diageo announced that it was closing the Henrietta Place facility as part of a cost reduction programme and moved its employees to the Park Royal site.[92]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Annual Report 2022". https://media.diageocms.com/diageo-corporate-media/media/5qrm5zru/diageo-annual-report-2022.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "Our business model". Diageo. https://www.diageo.com/en/our-business/our-business-model. 
  3. ↑ "A Comprehensive Yet Concise History of Scotch Whisky". 17 May 2018. https://bespokeunit.com/whisky/history/. 
  4. ↑ "Diageo Case Study". Wolff Olins. http://wolffolins.com/work/diageo. 
  5. ↑ "History of Diageo". August 2016. https://www.drinks.ng/history-of-diageo/. 
  6. ↑ "Guinness' new name gets shareholder thumbs". 23 October 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/guinness-new-name-gets-shareholder-thumbs-down-1296537.html. 
  7. ↑ "Diageo". https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Diageo. 
  8. ↑ "Profile: John McGrath – The Man Who'll Mix The Drinks". 22 October 2011. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/profile-john-mcgrath-the-man-wholl-mix-the-drinks-1262146.html. 
  9. ↑ "A liquid lunch". http://www.forbes.com/forbes/1999/0920/6407144a.html. 
  10. ↑ "Diageo's drinks are best left on the shelf". http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/comment/diageos-heady-cocktail-is-best-left-on-the-shelf-586305.html. 
  11. ↑ "Diageo cleared to sell Burger King". Beverage Daily. 19 August 2002. https://www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2002/10/14/Diageo-cleared-to-sell-Burger-King. 
  12. ↑ Day, Sherri (26 July 2002). "Investors Agree to Buy Burger King From Diageo for $2.26 Billion". New York Times: pp. C5. https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/26/business/us-investors-agree-to-buy-burger-king-from-diageo-for-2.26-billion.html?pagewanted=1. 
  13. ↑ "Diageo to Confirm Pillsbury Deal". 17 July 2000. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/jul/17/7. 
  14. ↑ "Diageo sells Burger King". The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/diageo-sells-burger-king-chain-for-1-5bn-1.451895. 
  15. ↑ "Gleneagles Hotel and golf resort sold by Diageo". BBC News. 2 July 2015. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-33342626. 
  16. ↑ "Iconic Scottish painting The Monarch of the Glen to be sold". BBC. 2 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  17. ↑ Schiffer, Jessica (1 November 2021). "6 Things You Didn't Know About Glenfiddich". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/_glenfiddich/2021/11/01/6-things-you-didnt-know-about-glenfiddich-the-worlds-leading-single-malt-scotch-whisky/. 
  18. ↑ "Campaign to raise funds for Monarch of the Glen painting". BBC. 16 February 2017. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-38994055. 
  19. ↑ Brown, Mark (17 March 2017). "Monarch of the Glen saved from auction block after £4m fundraising drive". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/17/scotland-wins-fight-keep-monarch-glen-painting-edwin-landseer. 
  20. ↑ "Heineken Acquires Red Stripe Beer from Diageo". Beverage Dynamics. 9 October 2015. https://beveragedynamics.com/2015/10/09/heineken-acquires-red-stripe-beer-from-diageo/. 
  21. ↑ Megaw, Nicholas (7 October 2015). "Diageo focuses operations with £515m assets sale to Heineken". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/4ba90866-6ce9-11e5-aca9-d87542bf8673. 
  22. ↑ "Diageo Seeking To Divest Remaining Beer Portfolio After Margin Concerns". Hospitality Ireland. 6 December 2023. https://www.hospitalityireland.com/drinks/diageo-seeking-to-divest-remaining-beer-portfolio-after-margin-concerns-202207. 
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  25. ↑ "Close of partial tender offer for shares in Sichuan Shuijingfang Company Limited". https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/press-releases/close-of-the-partial-tender-offer-for-shares-in-sichuan-shuijingfang-company-limited/. 
  26. ↑ "Diageo proposes upping stake in Shui Jing Fang Baijui Company". 27 February 2019. https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2019/02/diageo-proposes-upping-stake-in-shui-jing-fang-baiju-company/. 
  27. ↑ "Diageo in $2.1 Billion Deal for Turkish Liquor Maker". 21 February 2011. https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/diageo-to-buy-turkeys-mey-icki-for-2-1-billion/. 
  28. ↑ "Diageo's Turkish delight at raki swoop". http://www.scotsman.com/business/diageo-s-turkish-delight-at-raki-swoop-1-1502201. 
  29. ↑ "Diageo gets the taste for a cocktail with Brazilian". 29 May 2012. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/diageo-gets-the-taste-for-a-cocktail-with-brazilian-spirit-7799805.html. 
  30. ↑ "Diageo buys majority stake in India's United Spirits". BBC News. 9 November 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20267619. 
  31. ↑ Davies, Sumeet Chatterjee (9 November 2012). "Diageo does $2.1 billion deal for India's United Spirits". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-unitedspirits-diageo-idUKBRE8A712E20121109. 
  32. ↑ "Diageo to get control of United National Breweries". https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/press-releases/diageo-to-acquire-control-of-united-national-breweries/. 
  33. ↑ "Diageo sells United National Breweries in South Africa". https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/press-releases/diageo-sells-united-national-breweries-in-south-africa/. 
  34. ↑ "G&J Distillers Warrington". http://www.grovesandwhitnall.co.uk/gj-distillers-warrington/. 
  35. ↑ "INTERNATIONAL BRIEFS; Diageo Sells Dewar's And Bombay to Bacardi" (in en-US). The New York Times. Associated Press. 1998-03-31. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/31/business/international-briefs-diageo-sells-dewar-s-and-bombay-to-bacardi.html. 
  36. ↑ "Diageo in 2001 – Seagram's Acquisition sees Crown royal and Captain Morgan join Diageo's brands". https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/features/diageo-in-2001-seagram-s-acquisition-sees-crown-royal-and-captain-morgan-join-diageo-s-brands/. 
  37. ↑ "Diageo sells portfolio of brands to Sazerac". https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/press-releases/diageo-sells-portfolio-of-brands-to-sazerac/. 
  38. ↑ "Diageo Sells Seagram's VO to Sazerac in $550 Million Deal". 12 November 2018. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-12/diageo-sells-seagram-s-vo-and-others-to-sazerac-for-550-million. 
  39. ↑ Geller, Muvija M, Martinne (2018-11-12). "Diageo to sell 19 brands to U.S.-based Sazerac for $550 million" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-diageo-divestment-idUSKCN1NH0M0. 
  40. ↑ "Diageo Turns to Tequila For Its Next Buy". 20 March 2011. https://www.cityam.com/diageo-turns-tequila-its-next-buy/. 
  41. ↑ "Diageo Gets Full Control of Don Julio in Swap for Bushmills". Bloomberg. 3 November 2014. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-03/diageo-to-trade-bushmills-whiskey-for-full-control-of-don-julio.html. 
  42. ↑ Cleary, Andrew (30 October 2009). "Diageo Turns to Dutch, Diddy Partnerships for Vodka Expansion". https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aJC.eTdMO4vk. 
  43. ↑ "Diddy and drinks giant Diageo settle dispute over tequila". BBC News. 17 January 2024. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-68002039. 
  44. ↑ "Gruppo Campari to buy brandy brand Grand Marnier". FT.com. 15 March 2016. https://next.ft.com/content/a14d5f5f-70a0-3bcc-9520-388fe08f867c. 
  45. ↑ "Guinness plans to brew in America again, for the first time in six decades". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/food/wp/2017/01/31/guinness-plans-to-brew-in-america-again-for-the-first-time-in-six-decades/. 
  46. ↑ Mason, Jessica (2022-09-08). "Diageo sells Archers brand to De Kuyper Royal Distillers" (in en-US). https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2022/09/diageo-sells-archers-brand-to-de-kuyper-royal-distillers/. 
  47. ↑ "Diageo Purchases Super-Premium Texas Craft Distiller Balcones Distilling". Vine Pair. 2 November 2022. https://vinepair.com/booze-news/diageo-acquires-balcones-distilling/. 
  48. ↑ Carruthers, Nicola (2023-10-30). "Diageo sells Windsor whisky arm" (in en-US). https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2023/10/diageo-sells-windsor-whisky-arm/. 
  49. ↑ "TWE toAcquire Diageo's Wine Business For $600 Million". 14 October 2015. http://www.shankennewsdaily.com/index.php/2015/10/14/13535/twe-to-acquire-diageos-wine-business-for-600-million/. 
  50. ↑ "Foley Family Wines Buys Chalone Vineyards". http://www.winespectator.com/webfeature/show/id/52727. 
  51. ↑ "Diageo's £1bn Shot into Malt Whisky". https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/9313204/Diageos-1bn-shot-into-malt-whisky.html. 
  52. ↑ "Scotch whisky firm, Diageo, to invest £1bn". BBC News. 6 June 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-18336994. 
  53. ↑ "Diageo invests £10m in Stauning Danish whisky". http://drinksint.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/5777/Diageo_invests__A310m_in_Stauning_Danish_whisky.html. 
  54. ↑ "Maryland's new Guinness brewery is a destination for fans – and everyone else, too". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?next_url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.washingtonpost.com%2fgoingoutguide%2fmarylands-new-guinness-brewery-is-a-destination-for-fans--and-everyone-else-too%2f2019%2f03%2f12%2fb57120c6-4436-11e9-8aab-95b8d80a1e4f_story.html. 
  55. ↑ "Guinness Debuts New Brewery in Maryland". The Washington Post. https://www.diageo.com/en/news-and-media/features/guinness-debuts-new-brewery-in-maryland/. 
  56. ↑ "Diageo to invest $500 million in tequila production in Mexico". Reuters. October 2021. https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/diageo-invest-500-million-tequila-production-mexico-2021-09-30/. 
  57. ↑ "Diageo's Stake in Seedlip Proves Booze-Free Spirits Are Big Business". https://fortune.com/2019/08/08/diageo-seedlip/. 
  58. ↑ "Diageo Acquires Coffee Liqueur Brand Mr Black" (in en). 5 October 2022. https://www.esmmagazine.com/drinks/diageo-acquires-coffee-liqueur-mr-black-222294. 
  59. ↑ Walsh, Dominic (29 June 2023). "Diageo names Debra Crew as new chief". https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/diageo-names-debra-crew-as-new-chief-q5p0zf0lj. 
  60. ↑ Speed, Madeleine (2023-06-07). "Diageo chief Ivan Menezes dies". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/00188486-b963-4c5a-9748-41d4f8fd0ddd. 
  61. ↑ "Diageo invests in project to create UK alumunium circular economy" (in en). http://www.thedrinksreport.com/news/2023/19086-diageo-invests-in-project-to-create-uk-alumunium-circular-economy.html. 
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  63. ↑ "Scottish Whisky: Cardhu". http://www.scotchwhisky.net/distilleries/cardhu.htm. 
  64. ↑ Thomas, Natalie. "Scottish beer company BrewDog forces Diageo to apologise over 'dirty tricks' at awards". https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9255369/Scottish-beer-company-BrewDog-forces-Diageo-to-apologise-over-dirty-tricks-at-awards.html. 
  65. ↑ "Statement regarding the 2012 BII Scotland Annual Awards". http://www.diageo.com/en-row/newsmedia/Pages/resource.aspx?resourceid=1263. 
  66. ↑ "Diageo Screw BrewDog". http://www.brewdog.com/blog-article/diageo-v-brewdog. 
  67. ↑ "Rape Crisis Network slams 'rape victim blaming' ads". http://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/rape-crisis-network-slams-rape-victim-blaming-ads-667305.html. 
  68. ↑ "Diageo Bottling Plant Refurbishment". Packaging-gateway.com. http://www.packaging-gateway.com/projects/diageobottling/. 
  69. ↑ "Kilmarnock Town fights to protect their heritage". Savejohnniewalker.org. http://www.savejohnniewalker.org. 
  70. ↑ Johnnie Walker whisky plant closes in Kilmarnock. BBC News. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  71. ↑ "P.R. Coalition urges boycott of Diageo". https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=amp5wXx35fkc. 
  72. ↑ Donmoyer, Ryan J.. "Bailout of U.S. Banks Gives British Rum a $2.7 Billion Benefit". https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=amp5wXx35fkc. 
  73. ↑ "Diageo settles U.S. civil bribery charges". TrustLaw. http://www.trust.org/trustlaw/news/diageo-settles-us-civil-bribery-charges/. 
  74. ↑ Sebastian, Dave (19 February 2020). "Diageo Reaches $5 Million Settlement With SEC on Sales-Boosting Charges". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/diageo-reaches-5-million-settlement-with-sec-on-sales-boosting-charges-11582132346/. 
  75. ↑ "Makers of Guinness fined $5m over US disclosure failures | Accountancy Daily". https://www.accountancydaily.co/makers-guinness-fined-5m-over-us-disclosure-failures. 
  76. ↑ "Our Brands". https://www.diageo.com/en/our-brands/brand-explorer/. 
  77. ↑ Schrieberg, Felipe. "Diageo Buys Texas’ Balcones Distilling" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/felipeschrieberg/2022/11/03/diageo-buys-up-texas-balcones-distillery/. 
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  79. ↑ "Diageo launches Rockshore lager – Drinks Industry Ireland". https://www.drinksindustryireland.ie/diageo-launches-rockshore-lager/. 
  80. ↑ "Diageo unveils new cider to take on Bulmers". 11 March 2019. https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2019/03/diageo-unveils-new-cider-to-take-on-bulmers/. 
  81. ↑ "Diageo Launches Rockshore Hard Seltzer". 16 July 2021. https://www.checkout.ie/drinks/diageo-launches-rockshore-hard-seltzer-140183. 
  82. ↑ "Rakı Brands manufactured by Mey Diageo". 20 August 2021. https://mey.com.tr/tr-tr/markalarimiz/Sayfalar/raki.aspx. 
  83. ↑ Davies, Adrian (2006). Best Practice in Corporate Governance: Building Reputation and Sustainable Success. Routledge. p. 74. ISBN 978-0566086441. https://books.google.com/books?id=23sdpmOPsnEC&pg=PA74. 
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  88. ↑ "Top 12 Best Selling Whiskey Brands in the World". Listaka. 20 July 2015. http://listaka.com/top-12-best-selling-whiskey-brands-in-the-world/. 
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  90. ↑ "Drinks maker Diageo to close London office". https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/5024097/Drinks-maker-Diageo-to-close-London-office.html. 
  91. ↑ "Guinness to end UK brewing". https://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/Article/2004/042/21/Guinness-to-end-UK-brewing. 
  92. ↑ "Contact us". http://www.diageo.com/en-row/header/Contactus.htm. 

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