Company:Helion Energy

From HandWiki
Helion Energy, Inc.
TypePrivate
IndustryFusion power
Founded2013; 12 years ago (2013)
Founders
  • David Kirtley
  • John Slough
  • Chris Pihl
  • George Votroubek
Headquarters
Everett, Washington
,
U.S.
Key people
  • David Kirtley (CEO)
  • Sam Altman (chairman)
  • Chris Pihl (CTO)
  • George Votroubek (Principal Scientist)
Number of employees
200+[1] (2023)
Website{{{1}}}

Helion Energy, Inc. is an American fusion research company located in Everett, Washington.[2] It is developing a magneto-inertial fusion technology to produce fusion power and helium-3 via aneutronic fusion,[3][4] which, if successful, would produce low-cost clean electric energy using a fuel that can be derived exclusively from water.[5]


History

The company was founded in 2013 by David Kirtley, John Slough, Chris Pihl, and George Votroubek.[6] The management team won the 2013 National Cleantech Open Energy Generation competition and awards at the 2014 ARPA-E Future Energy Startup competition,[7] were members of the 2014 Y Combinator program,[8] and were awarded a 2015 ARPA-E ALPHA contract, "Staged Magnetic Compression of FRC Targets to Fusion Conditions".[9]

Helion was one of five finalists for the 2022 GeekWire Awards for innovation of the year.[10] It was one of five finalists for the 2023 GeekWire Best workplaces of the year.[11]

On May 10, 2023, Helion Energy announced that it had agreed to provide 50 MWe to Microsoft starting in 2028.[12] This is the first commercial agreement for fusion energy.[13] Commentators are skeptical.[14]

In October 2023, Helion and Nucor Corporation, the largest steel producer and recycler in North America, agreed to develop a 500-MWe fusion power plant at one of Nucor's manufacturing facilities.[15] Their target for beginning operations is 2030.[15]

Helion was a finalist for the 2025 GeekWire Awards in the category of Sustainable Innovation of the Year.[16]

Technology

Helion's approach uses a linear fusion system with pulsed magnetic compression and differs from the traditional design for fusion reactions, which relies on tokamaks.[13]

The system is intended to operate at 1 Hz, injecting plasma, compressing it to fusion conditions, expanding it, and recovering the energy to produce electricity.[17] The pulsed-fusion system used is said to be theoretically capable of running 24/7 for electricity production. Due to its compact size, the systems would be able to replace current fossil fuel infrastructure without major needs for investment.[18]

Fuel

Helion uses a combination of deuterium and 3He as fuel. Deuterium and 3He allows mostly aneutronic fusion, releasing only 5% of its energy in the form of fast neutrons. Commercial 3He is rare and expensive. Instead Helion plans to produce 3He by deuteron–deuteron (D–D) side reactions to the D–3He reactions. D–D fusion has an equal chance of producing a 3He atom and of producing a tritium (3H) atom plus a proton. Tritium beta decays into more 3He with a half-life of 12.32 years. Helion plans to capture the 3He produced this way and reuse it as fuel. Helion has a patent on this process.[19]

Confinement

This fusion approach uses the magnetic field of a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmoid (operated with solid state electronics derived from power switching electronics in wind turbines) to prevent plasma energy losses. An FRC is a magnetized plasma configuration notable for its closed field lines, high beta and lack of internal penetrations.[7]

Compression

Two FRC plasmoids are accelerated to velocities exceeding 300 km/s with pulsed magnetic fields which then merge into a single plasmoid at high pressure.[7] Published plans target compressing fusion plasmas to 15 tesla (T).[20]

Energy generation

Energy is captured by direct energy conversion that uses the expansion of the plasma to induce a current in the magnetic compression and acceleration coils. Separately it translates high-energy fusion products, such as alpha particles, directly into electricity. 3He produced by D–D fusion carries 0.82 MeV of energy. Tritium byproducts carry 1.01 MeV, while the proton produces 3.02 MeV.

This approach eliminates the need for steam turbines, cooling towers, and their associated energy losses. According to the company, this process also allows the recovery of a significant part of the input energy at a round-trip efficiency of over 95%.[7][21][22]

Development history

The company's fusion generator is based on the inductive plasmoid accelerator (IPA) experiments performed from 2005 through 2012.[23][24] These experiments used deuterium–deuterium fusion, which produced a 2.45-MeV neutron in half of the reactions. The IPA experiments claimed 300 km/s velocities, deuterium neutron production, and 2-keV deuterium ion temperatures.[24] Helion and MSNW LLC published articles describing a deuterium–tritium implementation that is the easiest to achieve but generates 14 MeV neutrons. The Helion team published peer-reviewed research demonstrating D–D neutron production in 2011.[24]

4th prototype, 'Grande'

In 2014, according to the timeline on the company website, Grande, Helion's 4th fusion prototype, was developed to test high field operation. Grande achieves magnetic field compression of 4 tesla, forms cm-scale FRCs, and reaches plasma temperatures of 5 keV. According to the company, Grande outperforms any other private fusion company.[21]

In 2015, Helion demonstrated the first direct magnetic energy recovery from a subscale pulsed magnetic system, utilizing modern high-voltage insulated gate bipolar transistors to recover energy at over 95% round-trip efficiency for over 1 million pulses. In a smaller system, the team demonstrated the formation of more than 1 billion FRCs.[21]

5th prototype, 'Venti'

In 2018, the 5th prototype, Venti, had magnetic fields of 7 T and at high density, an ion temperature of 2 keV.[18] Helion detailed D–D fusion experiments producing neutrons in an October 2018 report at the United States Department of Energy's ARPA-E's annual ALPHA program meeting.[25] Experiments that year achieved plasmas with multi-keV temperatures[26] and a triple product of 6.4 × 1018 keV·s/m3.[27]

6th prototype, 'Trenta'

In 2021, the firm announced that after a 16-month test cycle with more than 10,000 pulses, its sixth prototype, Trenta, had reached 100 million degrees C, the minimum temperature where a commercial generator could run.[18] This made Helion the first private fusion company to reach these temperatures.[28] Magnetic compression fields exceeded 8 T, ion temperatures surpassed 8 keV, and electron temperatures exceeded 1 keV.[29][30] The company further reported ion densities up to 3 × 1022 ions/m3 and confinement times of up to 0.5 ms.[31]

7th prototype, 'Polaris'

Helion's seventh-generation prototype, Polaris, has been in development since 2021, with completion expected in 2024.[32] The device is expected to increase the pulse rate from one pulse every 10 minutes to one pulse per second for short periods.[33] This prototype is expected to be able to heat fusion plasma up to temperatures greater than 100 million degrees C.[34] Polaris is planned to be 25% larger than Trenta to ensure that ions do not damage the vessel walls.[32] In August 2024, Helion received a Large Broad Scope license from the Washington Department of Health. This allowed Helion to possess and use necessary quantities of byproduct material to support the operation of Polaris.[35]

Helion completed construction of its seventh-generation prototype, Polaris, in late 2024 and began initial operations. While the company's original 2021 target was to demonstrate net electricity production in 2024, this milestone was not met. As of mid-2025, Helion reported that Polaris was operational and successfully forming the largest Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) plasmas the company had created to date, with the goal of demonstrating net electricity production by the end of the year.[36] As of October 2025, Helion has not announced that Polaris has achieved net production.

8th prototype, 'Orion'

As of January 2022, an eighth iteration was in the design stage.[37] In July 2025, Helion announced plans to build a 50-megawatt fusion plant in Chelan County, Washington. The company said the plant is planned to be operational by 2028, supplying power to nearby Microsoft datacenters.[38] In May, then-Governor of Washington Bob Ferguson signed into law House Bill 1018. This bill classified fusion as a clean energy source and legally distinguished it from traditional nuclear fission.[39] The bill gave Helion Energy the ability to pursue a local permitting option to gain approval for its proposed plant site in Chelan County.[39][40]

Overview

Prototype Year developed Notable features Achievements
Inductive Plasmoid Accelerator (IPA) experiments 2005–2012 Deuterium–deuterium fusion Achieved 300 km/s velocities, deuterium neutron production, and 2 keV deuterium ion temperatures.
Grande (4th) 2014 High field operation, magnetic field compression of 4 tesla, forms cm-scale FRCs, plasma temperatures of 5 keV Outperformed any other private fusion company at the time.

Demonstrated the first direct magnetic energy recovery from a subscale pulsed magnetic system with over 95% round-trip efficiency for over 1 million pulses.

Venti (5th) 2018 Magnetic fields of 7 T, high-density ion temperature of 2 keV Detailed D–D fusion experiments producing neutrons.

Achieved plasmas with multi-keV temperatures and a triple product of 6.4 × 1018 keV·s/m3.

Trenta (6th) 2021 Magnetic compression fields over 8 T, ion temperatures over 8 keV, electron temperatures over 1 keV Achieved 100 million degrees C after a 16-month test cycle with more than 10,000 pulses.

Reported ion densities up to 3 × 1022 ions/m3 and confinement times of up to 0.5 ms.

Polaris (7th) In operation as of January 2025[41][42] Expected to increase the pulse rate, heat fusion plasma up to temperatures greater than 100 million degrees C, 25% larger than Trenta Still under development
Orion Under design in 2022 Expected to be twice the size of Polaris Still under design

Funding

Helion Energy received $7 million in funding from NASA, the United States Department of Energy and the Department of Defense,[43] followed by $1.5 million from the private sector in August 2014, through the seed accelerators Y Combinator and Mithril Capital Management.[44]

In 2021, the company was valued at 3 billion dollars.[45] As of late 2021, investment totaled $77.8 million.[46] In November 2021, Helion received $500 million in Series E funding, with an additional $1.7 billion of commitments tied to specific milestones.[47] The funding was mainly led by Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, who is also the executive chairman of Helion.[48][49]

As of January 2025, after a $425 million Series F funding round, Helion Energy was valued at $5.4 billion.[41] Investors in the company grew to include Nucor Corporation, Lightspeed, SoftBank Group's Vision Fund 2, and a university endowment.[50][51][41]

Criticism

Retired Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory researcher Daniel Jassby mentioned Helion Energy in a letter included in the American Physical Society newsletter Physics & Society (April 2019) as being among fusion start-ups allegedly practicing "voodoo fusion" rather than legitimate science. He noted that the company is one of several that has continually claimed "power in 5 to 10 years, but almost all have apparently never produced a single D–D fusion reaction".[52]

While Jassby included Helion Energy in an un-referenced opinion article, Helion had previously published peer-reviewed research demonstrating D–D neutron production 8 years prior in 2011[24] and according to the independent JASON review team, Venti, a sub-scale prototype Helion developed partially for the ALPHA program, achieved initial results of 8 × 1022 ions/m3, 4 × 10−5 seconds energy confinement time and a temperature of 2 keV a year prior in 2018.[27]

In 2020, Helion was the first private company to successfully demonstrate thermonuclear fusion plasmas exceeding 9 keV with expected D–D fusion reactions and neutrons[53] and a triple product greater than 1 × 1020 keV·s/m3, Lawson criterion.[31]

The same 2018 MITRE/JASON report, commissioned by the US Department of Energy's ARPA-E, said that Helion literature stated that they need a 40 tesla magnetic field for commercial viability, but only had demonstrated an 8 tesla field in their prototype. The report stated that the primary challenge with Helion's approach is "whether they can simultaneously achieve sufficiently high compression while maintaining plasma stability".[27]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Brumfiel, Geoff (December 4, 2023). "Companies say they're closing in on nuclear fusion as an energy source. Will it work?". NPR. https://www.npr.org/2023/12/04/1215539157/companies-say-theyre-closing-in-on-nuclear-fusion-as-an-energy-source-will-it-wo. 
  2. ↑ Bergan, Brad (28 July 2021). "Helion Energy Says It Will Offer the World's First Commercial Fusion Power". https://interestingengineering.com/helion-energy-commercial-fusion-power. 
  3. ↑ "Helion" (in en-US). https://www.helionenergy.com/. 
  4. ↑ Virgin, Bill (2018-04-16). "Redmond's Helion Energy Looks to Nuclear Fusion As the Next Big Thing in Power Generation" (in en). Seattle Business Magazine. https://seattlebusinessmag.com/technology/redmond%E2%80%99s-helion-energy-looks-nuclear-fusion-next-big-thing-power-generation. 
  5. ↑ "Fusion Energy Startup Helion Energy Closes Latest Funding Round at $1.25B Valuation" (in en-US). https://www.helionenergy.com/articles/fusion-energy-startup-helion-energy-closes-latest-funding-round-at-1-25b-valuation/. 
  6. ↑ "Helion Energy". https://www.helionenergy.com/?page_id=704. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Wang, Brian (18 August 2015). "Helion Energy Raised $10.9 Million" (in en-US). https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2015/08/helion-energy-raised-109-million-and.html. 
  8. ↑ "Summer 2014 Companies (YC S14)". 2010-07-21. https://ycuniverse.com/ycs14. 
  9. ↑ "Compression of FRC Targets for Fusion". https://arpa-e.energy.gov/technologies/projects/compression-frc-targets-fusion. 
  10. ↑ Bishop, Todd (2022-03-31). "Innovation of the Year: 5 technology breakthroughs named finalists in GeekWire Awards" (in en-US). https://www.geekwire.com/2022/innovation-of-the-year-five-breakthroughs-compete-for-honor-in-2022-geekwire-awards/. 
  11. ↑ Schlosser, Kurt (2023-04-12). "GeekWire Awards: How these five Workplace of the Year finalists navigate challenging times" (in en-US). https://www.geekwire.com/2023/geekwire-awards-how-these-five-workplace-of-the-year-finalists-navigate-challenging-times/. 
  12. ↑ Calma, Justine (2023-05-10). "Microsoft just made a huge, far-from-certain bet on nuclear fusion" (in en-US). https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/10/23717332/microsoft-nuclear-fusion-power-plant-helion-purchase-agreement. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 sarahrudge (2025-02-04). "Helion Energy is Building the World's First Fusion Power Plant" (in en-GB). https://energy-oil-gas.com/news/helion-energy-is-building-the-worlds-first-fusion-power-plant/. 
  14. ↑ Calma, Justine (2023-05-10). "Microsoft just made a huge, far-from-certain bet on nuclear fusion" (in en-US). https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/10/23717332/microsoft-nuclear-fusion-power-plant-helion-purchase-agreement. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 traceyhonney (2023-10-06). "Helion and Nucor announce collaboration on fusion" (in en-US). https://www.neimagazine.com/news/helion-and-nucor-announce-collaboration-on-fusion-11199223/. 
  16. ↑ Stiffler, Lisa (2025-03-20). "GeekWire Awards: Sustainable Innovation finalists create, destroy and transform to protect the planet" (in en-US). https://www.geekwire.com/2025/geekwire-awards-sustainable-innovation-finalists-create-destroy-and-transform-to-protect-the-planet/. 
  17. ↑ Svoboda, Elizabeth (2011-06-21). "Is Fusion Power Finally For Real?" (in en-US). https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/next-generation/is-fusion-power-finally-for-real. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Emilio, Maurizio Di Paolo (2021-07-21). "EETimes - Helion Energy Achieves Key Fusion Milestone". https://www.eetimes.com/helion-energy-achieves-key-fusion-milestone/. 
  19. ↑ Slough, John Thomas; David Edwin Kirtley & Christopher James Pihl, "Advanced D–3He fuel cycle for a pulsed fusion reactor", EP patent 3103119, published 2021-03-24
  20. ↑ Wang, Brian (2018-10-02). "Helion Energy got funding for possible breakeven fusion device this year". https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/10/helion-energy-got-funding-for-possible-breakeven-fusion-device-this-year.html. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 "Helion website: Who we are". Helion Energy. https://www.helionenergy.com/who-we-are/. 
  22. ↑ , John T."Method and apparatus for the generation, heating and/or compression of plasmoids and/or recovery of energy therefrom" patent US20110293056A1, issued 2011-12-01
  23. ↑ Votroubek, G.; Slough, J.; Andreason, S.; Pihl, C. (June 2008). "Formation of a Stable Field Reversed Configuration through Merging" (in en). Journal of Fusion Energy 27 (1–2): 123–127. doi:10.1007/s10894-007-9103-4. ISSN 0164-0313. Bibcode: 2008JFuE...27..123V. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10894-007-9103-4. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Slough, John; Votroubek, George; Pihl, Chris (2011-05-01). "Creation of a high-temperature plasma through merging and compression of supersonic field reversed configuration plasmoids". Nuclear Fusion 51 (5). doi:10.1088/0029-5515/51/5/053008. ISSN 0029-5515. Bibcode: 2011NucFu..51e3008S. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/51/5/053008. 
  25. ↑ "Staged Magnetic Compression of FRC Targets". October 2018. https://arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/ALPHATeamPanel1_DavidKirtley.pdf. 
  26. ↑ Kirtley, David; Milroy, Richard; Votroubek, George; Slough, John; McKee, Erik; Shimazu, Aki; Hine, Andrew; Barnes, Daniel (2018-11-05). "Overview of Staged Magnetic Compression of FRC targets". Bulletin of the American Physical Society 2018: BM9.005. Bibcode: 2018APS..DPPBM9005K. https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/DPP18/Session/BM9.5. Retrieved 30 September 2022. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Long, Gordon (2018-11-01). "Prospects for Low Cost Fusion Development". https://arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/JSR-18-Task-011%20Prospects%20for%20Low%20Cost%20Fusion%20Development_Redacted%20and%20Addendum.pdf. 
  28. ↑ Tracey (2024-08-02). "Helion secures licence for Polaris fusion" (in en-US). https://www.neimagazine.com/news/helion-secures-licence-to-advance-polaris-fusion-facility/. 
  29. ↑ "Helion passes 100 million degrees Celsius" (in en-US). World Nuclear News (World Nuclear Association). June 23, 2021. https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Helion-announces-fusion-milestones. 
  30. ↑ Wang, Brian (June 23, 2021). "Nuclear Fusion Startup Helion Energy Surpasses 100 Million Degrees Celsius" (in en-US). Next Big Future. https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2021/06/nuclear-fusion-startup-helion-energy-surpasses-100-million-degrees-celsius.html. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 (in en) Trenta 2020 Program Results, December 17, 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHirlGXlJ38, retrieved 2022-10-30 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "A New Way to Achieve Nuclear Fusion: Helion" (in en). December 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bDXXWQxK38. 
  33. ↑ NRC (January 26, 2021). "Developing a Regulatory Framework for Fusion Energy Systems". https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2102/ML21026A315.pdf. 
  34. ↑ "Why did OpenAI invest in a nuclear fusion startup?" (in en-US). 2022-04-19. https://analyticsindiamag.com/why-would-openai-invest-in-a-nuclear-fusion-startup/. 
  35. ↑ Tracey (2024-08-02). "Helion secures licence for Polaris fusion" (in en-US). https://www.neimagazine.com/news/helion-secures-licence-to-advance-polaris-fusion-facility/. 
  36. ↑ Behr, Peter; Marshall, Christa (July 31, 2025). "Startup begins work on US fusion power plant. Yes, fusion.". E&E News. https://www.eenews.net/articles/startup-begins-work-on-major-us-fusion-power-plant-yes-fusion/. "Helion completed construction of its Polaris reactor prototype at the end of 2024, and hopes to demonstrate electricity from fusion from that reactor as soon as this year, said Helion's Director of Communications, Jessie Barton." 
  37. ↑ Helman, Christopher (2 January 2022). "Fueled By Billionaire Dollars, Nuclear Fusion Enters A New Age" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2022/01/02/fueled-by-billionaire-dollars-nuclear-fusion-enters-a-new-age/. 
  38. ↑ Stringer, David (30 July 2025). "Helion Energy starts construction of nuclear fusion plant to power Microsoft data centers" (in en). https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/helion-energy-starts-construction-nuclear-fusion-plant-power-microsoft-data-2025-07-30/. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Helion Advances Fusion Plant Plans in Chelan County After Landmark Energy Law" (in en). 2025-05-27. https://www.yoursourceone.com/columbia_basin/helion-advances-fusion-plant-plans-in-chelan-county-after-landmark-energy-law/article_e2c0789e-625f-457d-8fc7-5478ebbbee66.html. 
  40. ↑ Cooper, Avery (2025-03-12). "Helion Hosts Community Meeting for Fusion Power Plant in Malaga" (in en). https://kpq.com/helion-community-meeting-recap/. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Moore, Malcolm (28 January 2025). "US nuclear fusion start-up backed by Sam Altman and Peter Thiel secures $425mn". https://www.ft.com/content/b146c6f4-2045-4b7a-a444-94bdd8bbfe2d?utm_source=chatgpt.com. 
  42. ↑ Chant, Tim De (2025-01-28). "Helion raises $425M to help build a fusion reactor for Microsoft" (in en-US). https://techcrunch.com/2025/01/28/helion-raises-425m-to-help-build-a-fusion-reactor-for-microsoft/. 
  43. ↑ Halper, Mark (30 April 2013). "The nearness of fusion: The materials and coolant challenges facing one fusion company mirror fission". http://www.the-weinberg-foundation.org/2013/04/30/the-nearness-of-fusion-the-materials-and-coolant-challenges-facing-one-fusion-company-mirror-fission/. 
  44. ↑ Russell, Kyle (14 August 2014). "Y Combinator And Mithril Invest In Helion, A Nuclear Fusion Startup". https://techcrunch.com/2014/08/14/y-combinator-and-mithril-invest-in-helion-a-nuclear-fusion-startup/. 
  45. ↑ "As interest in fusion energy ignites, Helion lands $500M from OpenAI CEO, Facebook co-founder". Geekwire. 2021-11-05. https://www.geekwire.com/2021/interest-fusion-energy-ignites-helion-lands-500m-openai-ceo-facebook-co-founder/#:~:text=The%20company%20launched%20nearly%20a%20decade%20ago%20and,that%20Helion%20is%20now%20valued%20at%20%243%20billion.. 
  46. ↑ "Helion Energy – Pitchbook Company Overview" (in en). https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/65013-49#overview. 
  47. ↑ Conca, James (9 November 2021). "Helion Energy Raises $500 Million On The Fusion Power Of Stars" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2021/11/09/helion-energy-raises-500-million-on-the-fusion-power-of-stars/. 
  48. ↑ Kamps, Haje Jan (5 November 2021). "Helion secures $2.2B to commercialize fusion energy" (in en-US). https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/05/helion-series-e/. 
  49. ↑ Mui, Christine (January 22, 2024). "Silicon Valley's crush on fusion". Politico. https://www.politico.com/newsletters/digital-future-daily/2024/01/22/silicon-valley-fusion-crush-sam-altman-davos-00137031. 
  50. ↑ Aiello, Chloe (2025-02-04). "This Nuclear Fusion Startup Is on a Hot Streak With $425 Million in New Funding" (in en-US). Inc. https://www.inc.com/chloe-aiello/this-nuclear-fusion-startup-is-on-a-hot-streak-with-425-million-in-new-funding/91143591. 
  51. ↑ Nellis, Stephen (2025-01-28). "Helion raises $425 mln from SoftBank's venture arm, hits $5.4 bln valuation" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/helion-raises-425-mln-softbanks-venture-arm-hits-54-bln-valuation-2025-01-28/. 
  52. ↑ Jassby, Daniel L. (April 2019). "Voodoo Fusion Energy" (in en). https://engage.aps.org/fps/resources/newsletters/april-2019. 
  53. ↑ "Helion Energy Achieves Key Fusion Milestone". EE Times. 2020-07-20. https://www.eetimes.com/helion-energy-achieves-key-fusion-milestone/#:~:text=Helion%20Energy%E2%80%99s%20Trenta%20prototype%20merged%20and%20compressed%20high-Beta,keV%20ion%20temperature%20and%201%20keV%20electron%20temperature. 
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