Company:Yamaha Motor Company

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[ ⚑ ] 34°43′29″N 137°52′38″E / 34.7246951°N 137.8773371°E / 34.7246951; 137.8773371

Yamaha Motor Company, Limited
TypePublic
IndustryAutomotive
FoundedJuly 1, 1955
Headquarters
Iwata, Shizuoka
,
Japan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Yoshihiro Hidaka (President & Representative Director)
ProductsMotorcycles, commuter vehicles & scooters, recreational vehicles, boats, marine engines, snowmobiles, small tractors, personal watercraft, electrically power assisted bicycles, automobile engines, unmanned aerial vehicles, golf carts
Number of employees
52,664 (as of December 31, 2014)
ParentYamaha Corporation (9.92% 2017)
SubsidiariesMinarelli
MBK
WebsiteYamaha Motor Global

Yamaha Motor Company Limited (ヤマハ発動機株式会社, Yamaha Hatsudōki Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japan ese manufacturer of motorcycles, marine products such as boats and outboard motors, and other motorized products. The company was established in 1955 upon separation from Yamaha Corporation (however Yamaha Corporation is still the largest shareholder with 12.21%, as of June 30, 2014),[1] and is headquartered in Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan. The company conducts development, production and marketing operations through 109 consolidated subsidiaries as of 2012.[2][3]

Led by Genichi Kawakami, the company’s first president, Yamaha Motor began production of its first product, the YA-1, in 1955. The 125cc motorcycle won the 3rd Mount Fuji Ascent Race in its class.

The company's products includes motorcycles, scooters, motorized bicycles, boats, sail boats, personal water craft, swimming pools, utility boats, fishing boats, outboard motors, 4-wheel ATVs, recreational off-road vehicles, go-kart engines, golf carts, multi-purpose engines, electrical generators, water pumps, snowmobiles, small snow throwers, automobile engines, surface mounters, intelligent machinery, industrial-use unmanned helicopters, electrical power units for wheelchairs and helmets.The company is also involved in the import and sales of various types of products, development of tourist businesses and management of leisure, recreational facilities and related services. Yamaha’s motorcycle sales are the second largest in the world[4] outboard motor and Yamaha is the world leader in water vehicle sales.[5]

History

Beginnings: 1955

The motorcycle division of Yamaha was founded in 1955, and was headed by Genichi Kawakami. Yamaha's initial product was a 125 cc (7.6 cu in) two-cycle, single cylinder motorcycle, the YA-1, which was a copy of the German DKW RT 125. The YA-1 was a competitive success at racing from the beginning, winning not only the 125cc class in the Mt. Fuji Ascent, but also sweeping the podium with first, second and third place in the All Japan Autobike Endurance Road Race that same year.[6] Early success in racing set the tone for Yamaha, as competition in many varieties of motorcycle racing has been a key endeavor of the company throughout its history, often fueled by a strong rivalry with Honda and other Japanese manufacturers.

Yamaha began competing internationally in 1956 when they entered the Catalina Grand Prix, again with the YA-1, at which they placed sixth. The YA-1 was followed by the YA-2 of 1957, another 125cc two stroke, but with significantly improved frame and suspension.[7] The YD-1 of 1957 was a 250cc two-stroke twin cylinder motorcycle, resembling the YA-2, but with a larger and more powerful motor. A performance version of this bike, the YDS-1 housed the 250cc two-stroke twin in a double downtube cradle frame and offered the first five-speed transmission in a Japanese motorcycle.[8] This period also saw Yamaha offer its first outboard marine engine.

Success and growth in the 1960s

By 1963 Yamaha's dedication to both the two-stroke engine and racing paid off with their first victory in international competition, at the Belgium GP, where they won the 250cc class. Success in sales was even more impressive, and Yamaha set up the first of its international subsidiaries in this period beginning with Thailand in 1964, and the Netherlands in 1968. 1965 saw the release of a 305cc two-stroke twin, the flagship of the company's lineup. It featured a separate oil supply which directly injected oil into the gasoline prior to combustion (traditionally riders had to pre-mix oil into gasoline together before filling the gas tank on two stroke engines). In 1967 a new larger displacement model was added to the range, the 350cc two stroke twin R-1.

In 1968 Yamaha launched their first four-stroke motorcycle, the XS-1. The Yamaha XS-1 was a 650cc four-stroke twin, a larger and more powerful machine that equaled the displacement and performance of the popular British bikes of the era, such as the Triumph Bonneville and BSA Gold Star. Yamaha continued on with both the two-stroke line and four-stroke twins at a time that other Japanese manufacturers were increasingly moving to four cylinder four-stroke machines, a trend led by Honda in 1969 with the legendary CB-750 four-stroke four-cylinder cycle.

Four stroke era begins: the 1970s

Not until 1976 would Yamaha answer the other Japanese brands with a multi-cylinder four stroke of their own. The XS-750 (and later 850) a 750cc triple cylinder machine with shaft final drive was introduced almost seven years after Honda's breakthrough bike. Yamaha's first four-cylinder model, the XS-1100 followed in 1978, again with shaft drive.[9] Despite being heavier and more touring oriented than its rivals it produced an impressive string of victories in endurance racing.

The 1970s also saw some of the first dedicated off-road bikes for off-road racing and recreation. Yamaha was an early innovator in dirt-bike technology, and introduced the first single-shock rear suspension, the trademarked "Monoshock" of 1973.[10] It appeared in production on the 1974 Yamaha YZ-250, a model which has continued in production, with many updates, until 2015, making it Yamaha's longest continuous model and name.

Yamaha continued racing throughout the 1960s and 1970s with increasing success in several formats. The decade of the 1970s was capped by the XT500 winning the first Paris-Dakar Rally in 1979.[11]

1980s: diversification and innovation

By 1980 the combination of consumer preference and environmental regulation made four strokes increasingly popular. Suzuki ended production of their GT two stroke series, including the flagship water-cooled two-stroke 750cc GT-750 in 1977. Kawasaki, who had considerable success throughout the 1970s with their two-stroke triples of 250cc, 350cc, 500cc and 750cc ended production of road-going two strokes in 1980. Yamaha bucked this trend and continued to refine and sell two-strokes for the street into the 1980s. These bikes were performance oriented, water-cooled twin cylinder machines, designed to achieve excellent performance taking advantage of the lower weight of two strokes. The RZ-250 of 1980[12] was the progenitor of this series. The RZ-350, the largest displacement model, was a popular hot-rod bike of the 1980s and continued to be sold in some countries into the early 1990s.

Throughout the 1980s the motorcycle industry gradually went from building a few basic but versatile models designed to work well in many roles, to offering many more specialized machines designed to excel in particular niches. These included racing and performance street riding, touring, motocross racing, enduro and recreational off-road riding, and cruising. Yamaha branched out from the relatively small number of UJMs (Universal Japanese Motorcycle) at the start of the decade to a much larger set of offerings in several clearly defined markets at the end of the decade.

The XV750 of 1981 featured an air-cooled V-twin four stroke engine and cruiser styling, and was one of the first Japanese cruiser style motorcycles. By the end of the 1980s Yamaha had offered dozens of cruiser styled bikes in a variety of displacements and engine configurations.

The RZV500 was one of the first "repli-racers", a near copy of Kenny Roberts competition GP bike, it featured a liquid-cooled two-stroke motor of 500cc displacement in a V4 configuration, along with a perimeter frame and full fairing.[13]

A more popular and practical high-performance model for the street was introduced in 1985, the FZ750. It was an innovative 750cc four-stroke inline four cylinder model. It was the first motorcycle to feature a five valve cylinder head, something Yamaha became well known for. It also featured a cylinder block canted forward at 45 degrees, and a box-section steel perimeter frame. Production of the FZ continued until 1991.

The 1990s: Performance bikes and a spin-off brand

In 1998 Yamaha marketed a 1000cc four cylinder road bike called the YZF 'R1', this model introduced a new style of gearbox design which shortened the overall length of the motor/gearbox case, to allow a more compact unit. This, in turn allowed the motor to be placed in the frame further forward, designed to improve handling in a short wheel-based frame.[14]

In 1995, Yamaha announced the creation of Star Motorcycles, a new brand name for its cruiser series of motorcycles in the American market. In other markets, Star motorcycles are still sold under the Yamaha brand. This was an attempt to create a brand identity more closely aligned with the cruiser market segment, one of the largest and most lucrative in the USA.

The 2000s: Expansion and consolidation

In 2007, Yamaha established the Philippines operations and distributes Yamaha motorcycles under the corporate name of Yamaha Motor Philippines, Inc., one of more than 20 worldwide subsidiaries operating on all continents.

Yamaha XS650 vertical-twin

India

India Yamaha Motor Private Limited (IYM) is the wholly owned Indian subsidiary of Yamaha Motor company, headquartered at Chennai, India . Yamaha Motor Company Japan made its initial foray into India in 1985 as a joint-venture with Escorts Group. In August 2001, it became a 100% subsidiary of Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. Japan (YMC). In 2008, Mitsui & Co., Ltd. entered into an agreement with YMC to become a joint-investor in India.[15] It produces a range of motorcycles for domestic consumption and export including the FZ, SZ, Saluto, Fazer, and YZF.

Yamaha own three plants for manufacture of two-wheelers in India: one in Faridabad, Haryana, one in Surajpur, Uttar Pradesh, and one in Chennai, Tamilnadu. It is from these three plants that Yamaha handles production of motorcycles and parts for both domestic as well as overseas markets. While the Faridabad plants was started in 1965, the Surajpur plants followed with its inception in 1984 and Chennai in 2014. The scooters manufactured by Yamaha in India are the Yamaha Ray and its upgrade, the Yamaha Ray Z, Alpha, Fascino.

Motorcycle racing highlights

Three-time Grand Championship winner Kenny Roberts at the 1981 German Grand Prix.

In motorcycle racing Yamaha has won 39 world championships, including 6 in MotoGP and 9 in the preceding 500 cc two-stroke class, and 1 in World Superbike. In addition Yamaha have recorded 208 victories at the Isle of Man TT[16] and head the list of victories at the Sidecar TT with 40.[16] Past Yamaha riders include: Giacomo Agostini, Bob Hannah, Heikki Mikkola, Bruce Anstey, Kenny Roberts, Eddie Lawson, Wayne Rainey, Jeremy McGrath, Stefan Merriman, Dave Molyneux, Ian Hutchinson, Phil Read, Chad Reed, Ben Spies and Jorge Lorenzo. Their current lineup consists of nine-time world champion Valentino Rossi and Maverick Viñales.

The Yamaha YZ450F won the AMA Supercross Championship two years in a row, in 2008 with Chad Reed, and 2009 James Stewart. Yamaha was the first to build a production monoshock motocross bike (1975 for 250 and 400, 1976 for 125) and one of the first to have a water-cooled motocross production bike (1977 in works bikes, 1981 in off-the-shelf bikes). Yamaha's first Motocross competition four-stroke bike, the YZ400F, won the 1998 USA outdoor national Championship with factory rider Doug Henry.

Since 1962, Yamaha made production road racing Grand Prix motorcycles that any licensed road racer could purchase. In 1970, non-factory privateer teams dominated the 250 cc World Championship with Great Britain's Rodney Gould winning the title on a Yamaha TD2.

Yamaha also sponsors several professional ATV riders in several areas of racing, such as cross country racing and motocross. Yamaha has had success in cross country with their YFZ450, ridden by Bill Ballance, winning 9 straight titles since 2000. Yamaha's other major rider, Traci Cecco, has ridden the YFZ450 to 7 titles, with the first in 2000. In ATV motocross, Yamaha has had success with Dustin Nelson and Pat Brown, both who race the YFZ450. Pat Brown's best season was a 3rd place title in 2007, while Nelson has had two 1st place titles in the Yamaha/ITP Quadcross, one in 2006 and the other in 2008.

Formula One

Yamaha produced Formula One engines from 1989 to 1997, initially for the Zakspeed team, in 1991 for the Brabham BT60Y, in 1992 for the Jordan 192, from 1993 to 1996 for Tyrrell, and in 1997 for the Arrows A18. These never won a race, but drivers including Damon Hill, Ukyo Katayama, Mark Blundell and Mika Salo scored some acceptable results with them. However their engines were often unreliable and were usually regarded as not very powerful.

Formula One World Championship results

(key)

Year Entrant Chassis Engine Tyres Drivers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Points WCC
1989 West Zakspeed Racing Zakspeed 891 Yamaha OX88 3.5 V8 BRA SMR MON MEX USA CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR ESP JPN AUS 0 NC
West Germany Bernd Schneider Ret DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ Ret DNPQ
Japan Aguri Suzuki DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ DNPQ
1991 Motor Racing Developments Brabham BT59Y
Brabham BT60Y 		Yamaha OX99 3.5 V12 USA BRA SMR MON CAN MEX FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR ESP JPN AUS 3 9th
United Kingdom Martin Brundle 11 12 11 EX Ret Ret Ret Ret 11 Ret 9 13 12 10 5 DNQ
United Kingdom Mark Blundell Ret Ret 8 Ret DNQ Ret Ret Ret 12 Ret 6 12 Ret Ret DNPQ 17
1992 Sasol Jordan Yamaha Jordan 192 Yamaha OX99 3.5 V12 G RSA MEX BRA ESP SMR MON CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR JPN AUS 1 11th
Italy Stefano Modena DNQ Ret Ret DNQ Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret DNQ Ret 15 DNQ 13 7 6
Brazil Maurício Gugelmin 11 Ret Ret Ret 7 Ret Ret Ret Ret 15 10 14 Ret Ret Ret Ret
1993 Tyrrell Racing Organisation Tyrrell 020C
Tyrrell 021 		Yamaha OX10A 3.5 V10 G RSA BRA EUR SMR ESP MON CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR JPN AUS 0 NC
Japan Ukyo Katayama Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret 17 Ret 13 Ret 10 15 14 Ret Ret Ret
Italy Andrea de Cesaris Ret Ret Ret Ret DSQ 10 Ret 15 NC Ret 11 Ret 13 12 Ret 13
1994 Tyrrell Racing Organisation Tyrrell 022 Yamaha OX10B 3.5 V10 G BRA PAC SMR MON ESP CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR EUR JPN AUS 13 7th
Japan Ukyo Katayama 5 Ret 5 Ret Ret Ret Ret 6 Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret 7 Ret Ret
United Kingdom Mark Blundell Ret Ret 9 Ret 3 10 10 Ret Ret 5 5 Ret Ret 13 Ret Ret
1995 Nokia Tyrrell Yamaha Tyrrell 023 Yamaha OX10C 3.0 V10 G BRA ARG SMR ESP MON CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR EUR PAC JPN AUS 5 8th
Japan Ukyo Katayama Ret 8 Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret 7 Ret Ret 10 Ret 14 Ret Ret
Italy Gabriele Tarquini 14
Finland Mika Salo 7 Ret Ret 10 Ret 7 15 8 Ret Ret 8 5 13 10 12 6 5
1996 Tyrrell Yamaha Tyrrell 024 Yamaha OX11A 3.0 V10 G AUS BRA ARG EUR SMR MON ESP CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR JPN 5 8th
Japan Ukyo Katayama 11 9 Ret DSQ Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret 7 8 10 12 Ret
Finland Mika Salo 6 5 Ret DSQ Ret 5 DSQ Ret 10 7 9 Ret 7 Ret 11 Ret
1997 Danka Arrows Yamaha Arrows A18 Yamaha OX11C/D 3.0 V10 AUS BRA ARG SMR MON ESP CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA AUT LUX JPN EUR 9 8th
United Kingdom Damon Hill DNS 17 Ret Ret Ret Ret 9 12 6 8 2 13 Ret 7 8 12 Ret
Brazil Pedro Diniz 10 Ret Ret Ret Ret Ret 8 Ret Ret Ret Ret 7 Ret 13 5 13 Ret

Divisions

Yamaha Motors is a highly diversified company which produces products for a large number of industries and consumer market segments:

  • Motorcycles: Sport bikes, Star Cruiser bikes, trail bikes, road racers and motocross racers
  • Commuter vehicles, including scooters
  • Recreational vehicles: All-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles
  • Boats: Powerboats, sailboats, utility boats and custom boats
  • Marine engines: Outboard motors, electric marine motors, marine diesel engines and stern drives[17]
  • Personal watercraft
  • Electric bicycles
  • Automobile engines
  • Industrial-use unmanned helicopters
  • Golf cars
  • Power products: generators, multipurpose engines, water pumps and snow throwers
  • Swimming pools, watersliders and pool-related equipment
  • Intelligent machinery, including compact industrial robots
  • Electric wheelchairs and wheelchair electric drive units
  • Yamaha parts and accessories, apparel, cycle helmets and motor oil
  • Industrial robots and surface mounters[18]

Automobile engines

Yamaha-built DOHC V6 Ford Taurus SHO engine

Yamaha has built engines for other manufacturers' vehicles beginning with the development and production of the Toyota 2000GT (1967). The cylinder head from the Toyota 4A-GE engine was developed by Yamaha and built at Toyota's Shimayama plant alongside the 4A and 2A engines.[19]

In 1984, executives of the Yamaha Motor Corporation signed a contract with the Ford Motor Company to develop, produce, and supply compact 60° 3.0 Liter DOHC V6 engines for transverse application for the 1989–95 Ford Taurus SHO.[20][21] From 1993 to 1995, the SHO engine was produced in 3.0 and 3.2 Liter versions. Yamaha jointly designed the 3.4 Liter DOHC V-8 engine with Ford for the 1996–99 SHO. Ford and Yamaha also developed the Zetec-SE branded 4-cylinder engines used in several Ford cars like the small sports car Ford Puma.

From 2005 to 2010, Yamaha produced a 4.4 Liter V8 for Volvo. The B8444S engines were used in the XC90 and S80 models. British sportscar maker Noble also uses a bi-turbo version of the Volvo V8 in their M600.

All performance-oriented cylinder heads on Toyota/Lexus engines were designed and/or built by Yamaha. Some examples are the 1LR-GUE engine found on the 2010–2012 Lexus LFA, the 2UR-GSE found in Lexus ISF, the 3S-GTE engine found on the Toyota Celica GT4, the 2ZZ-GE engine found on the 1999–2006 Toyota Celica GT-S and the Toyota 4GR-FSE engine found on the Lexus IS250[22].

Yamaha also tunes engines for manufacturers, such as Toyota, so Yamaha logos are on Toyota S engines.[23]

Snowmobiles

Yamaha Phazer snowmobile

In 2010, Yamaha was the only snowmobile manufacturer to use four-stroke engines across its range.[24] In Canada, the VK 540 model is still available as a two-stroke. Yamaha had introduced four-strokes to their line-up in 2003, and the line-up became four-stroke based for model year 2005. The RX-1, released in 2003, was the first performance-oriented four-stroke snowmobile on the market. It was not, however, the first modern four-stroke snowmobile produced. That honor belongs to Arctic Cat for their Yellowstone Special, released in 2000, which was designed as a rental sled that could meet Yellowstone National Park's stringent emission requirement. However, Yamaha received much criticism for its weight disadvantage when compared to similar two-strokes, despite its fuel economy and low-range torque. Yamaha is now using four-stroke technology with the introducing of their 80FI engine, which is equipped on the Phazer and Venture Lite models. This engine has one of the highest specific output of any four-stroke in production, with 160 HP/L, Yamaha achieves this even without the use of a forced induction system. Yamaha is also a key player in the "four-stroke wars", which are a series of advertisements from opponent Ski-Doo, who claim their E-tec and power-tec equipped two-strokes are still cleaner and more efficient than four-strokes, while Yamaha still claims the four-strokes are cleaner. Yamaha also broke a multi-year absence from sno-cross in the winter of 2006/2007 with their introduction of a factory race team headed by former Arctic Cat racer Robbie Malinoski.

Yamaha was the first brand to win with a four-stroke in a professional snowcross race. This happened in 2006 at the WPSA snow cross championship.

Current models

Sidewinder SRX SRX Sidewinder RTX LE, Sidewinder RTX SE, Sidewinder BTX, Sidewinder MTX, Sno Scoot 120, Sno Scoot 200

  • Apex, Apex SE, Apex XTX
  • SR Viper RTX DX, SR Viper LTX DX, SR Viper S-TX DX, SR Viper MTX 153, SR Viper RTX SE, SR Viper LTX SE, SR Viper XTX SE, SR Viper MTX 153 SE, SR Viper MTX 162 SE, SR Viper RTX LE, SR Viper LTX LE, SR Viper XTX LE, SR Viper MTX 162 LE
  • RS Vector, RS Vector LTX
  • RS Venture, RS Venture GT, RS Venture TF
  • RS Viking Professional
  • Phazer RTX, Phazer XTX, Phazer MTX
  • Venture MP
  • SRX 120

All-terrain vehicles (ATV) vehicles

  • Raptor 50
  • YFZ50 (2017– )
  • Tri-Zinger 60
  • 4-Zinger 60 (1986)
  • YT70
  • Badger 80
  • Moto-4 80
  • Grizzly 80
  • Raptor 80
  • Raptor 90 (2016– )
  • Champ 100
  • Breeze 125
  • Grizzly 125
  • Raptor 125
  • Tri Moto 125
  • Tri Moto 175
  • Blaster 200 (1988–2006)
  • Moto-4 200
  • Tri Moto 200
    • YFM200E "Yamahauler"
  • Moto-4 225
  • Tri Moto 225
  • Pro Hauler 230
  • BearTracker 250
  • Moto-4 250
  • Raptor 250R
  • Timberwolf 250
  • Tri-Z 250
  • Banshee 350 (1987–2008)
  • Big Bear 350
  • Grizzly 350
  • Moto 4 350
  • Raptor 350
  • Terrapro 350
  • Warrior 350
  • Bruin 350
  • Wolverine 350
  • Big Bear 400
  • Grizzly 400
  • Kodiak 400
  • Grizzly 450
  • Kodiak 450
  • YFZ450
  • Wolverine 450
  • Grizzly 550
  • Grizzly 600
  • Grizzly 660
  • Raptor 660R (2001–2005)
  • Grizzly 700
  • Kodiak 700
  • Raptor 700R (2006— )
  • YXZ1000R


See also

  • List of Yamaha motorcycles
  • List of Yamaha Scooters
  • Yamaha WaveRunner

References

  1. ↑ "Stock Information". Yamaha Motor Company. http://global.yamaha-motor.com/ir/stock/. Retrieved 29 January 2016. 
  2. ↑ "Yamaha Motor Establishes Highly Profitable Business Structure" (in en). http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170209005550/en/Yamaha-Motor-Establishes-Highly-Profitable-Business-Structure. 
  3. ↑ "Yamaha Motor Establishes Highly Profitable Business Structure" (in en-US). http://finance.yahoo.com/news/yamaha-motor-establishes-highly-profitable-090700423.html. 
  4. ↑ "二輪車・バイク業界の動向・ランキング等を研究-業界動向サーチ" (in Japanese). http://gyokai-search.com/3-bike.htm. Retrieved 11 November 2017. 
  5. ↑ "Yamaha, marine business earns earnest and leverages motorcycle know-how". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. September 17, 2013. http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASDD110W1_S3A910C1000000/. 
  6. ↑ "Yamaha Motorcycles and Brand History". SoftNews NET. http://www.autoevolution.com/moto/yamaha/. Retrieved 15 January 2015. 
  7. ↑ "Yamaha Showroom Communication Plaza Collection". Yamaha Motors. http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/ya-2/. Retrieved 15 January 2015. 
  8. ↑ "Yamaha Collection – YDS-1". http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/yds-1/. Retrieved 15 January 2015. 
  9. ↑ "Yamaha Collections: XS-1100". Yamaha Motors. http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/xs1100/. Retrieved 16 January 2015. 
  10. ↑ Melling, Frank. "Memorable MC: 1974 Yamaha YZ250M Monoshock". Motorcycle USA LLC.. http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/290/5997/Motorcycle-Article/Memorable-MC--1973-Yamaha-Monoshock.aspx. Retrieved 16 January 2015. 
  11. ↑ "Dakar Retrospective 1979–2007". Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110515053140/http://www.dakar.com/2009/DAK/presentation/docs/histo_1979_2007_us.pdf. Retrieved 29 April 2011. 
  12. ↑ "Yamaha Motors Collection RZ-250". Yamaha Motors. http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/rz250/. Retrieved 16 January 2015. 
  13. ↑ "Yamaha Collection: RZV500R". Yamaha Motors. http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/rzv500r/. Retrieved 16 January 2015. 
  14. ↑ Vandenheuvel, Cornelis (1997). Pictorial history of Japanese motorcycles. MBI Publishing Company. pp. 84–90. ISBN 978-1-870979-97-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8Jl3XwHYywC&pg=PA84. 
  15. ↑ Corporate information, India Yamaha Motor, archived from the original on October 6, 2013, https://web.archive.org/web/20131006072830/http://www.yamaha-motor-india.com/about/profile/index.html 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Machines - Isle of Man TT Official Website". http://www.iomtt.com/TT-Database/Machines.aspx?marq_Name=Yamaha&filter=Y. Retrieved 11 November 2017. 
  17. ↑ "Yamaha Outboards". Yamaha Motors. http://www.yamaha-motor.com/outboard/products/lifestylehome/home.aspx. Retrieved 11 November 2017. 
  18. ↑ "Intelligent Machinery – Company information". Yamaha Motors. Archived from the original on 2011-12-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20111216105828/http://www.yamaha-motor.co.jp/global/about/business/im/. Retrieved 2011-12-27. 
  19. ↑ All About the Toyota Twin Cam (2nd ed.). Tokyo: Toyota Motor Company. 1984. p. 24. http://www.3sgte.com/page_24.htm. Retrieved 2012-12-06. 
  20. ↑ "SHO n Tell". Jon Mikelonis and Matt Wilder. http://www.fordmuscle.com/archives/2005/08/SHOnTell/. Retrieved 2008-04-04. 
  21. ↑ 1989 Ford Taurus SHO commercial. Ford Motor Company. Retrieved 2007-07-19 – via retrojunk.com.
  22. ↑ https://global.yamaha-motor.com/about/history/products/
  23. ↑ "Toyota Twin-Cam Evolution". Archived from the original on 2009-06-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20090626042012/http://www.toysport.com/webpages/Techinfo/References/toyota_twin_cam_article.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-14. 
  24. ↑ 2010 Yamaha Snowmobile brochure

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