Devanagari numerals
| Numeral systems |
|---|
 |
| Hindu–Arabic numeral system |
| East Asian |
| Alphabetic |
| Former |
| Positional systems by base |
| Non-standard positional numeral systems |
| List of numeral systems |
The Devanagari numerals are the symbols used to write numbers in the Devanagari script, predominantly used for northern Indian languages. They are used to write decimal numbers, instead of the Western Arabic numerals.
Table
In modern-era, languages like Hindi, Marathi and Nepali have adopted Devanagari as the standard script, before which they were respectively written using Kaithi, Modi and Newari scripts.
| Modern Devanagari |
Western Arabic |
Words for the cardinal number | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanskrit (wordstem) |
Hindi | Marathi | Nepali | ||
| ० | 0 | शून्य (śūnya) | शून्य[1] (śūnya) | शून्य (śūnya) | शून्य (śūnya) — colloq.सुन्ना[2] (sunnā) |
| १ | 1 | एक (eka) | एक (ek) | एक (ek) | एक (ek) |
| २ | 2 | द्वि (dvi) | दो (do) | दोन (don) | दुई (dui) |
| ३ | 3 | त्रि (tri) | तीन (tīn) | तीन (tīn) | तिन (tīn) |
| ४ | 4 | चतुर् (catur) | चार (cār) | चार (cār) | चारि (cāri) |
| ५ | 5 | पञ्च (pañca) | पाँच (pāñc) | पाच (pāch) | पाँच (pāñc) |
| ६ | 6 | षष् (ṣaṣ) | छह (chah) | सहा (sahā) | छ (chha) |
| ७ | 7 | सप्त (sapta) | सात (sāt) | सात (sāt) | सात (sāt) |
| ८ | 8 | अष्ट (aṣṭa) | आठ (āṭh) | आठ (āṭh) | आठ (āṭh) |
| ९ | 9 | नव (nava) | नौ (nau) | नऊ (naū) | नौ (nau) |
The word śūnya for zero was calqued into Arabic as صفر sifr, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via Medieval Latin zephirum.[3] In Hindustani language, it was borrowed from Arabic (via Persian) as सिफ़र (sifar).
Variants
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Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.[4][5]
| १ | x27px Common |
x26px Nepali |
1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ५ | x26px "Bombay" Variant |
x24px "Calcutta" Variant |
5 |
| ८ | x22px "Bombay" Variant |
x18px "Calcutta" Variant |
8 |
| ९ | x26px Common |
x24px Nepali Variant |
9 |
In Nepali language ५, ८, ९ (5, 8, 9) - these numbers are slightly different from modern Devanagari numbers. In Nepali language uses old Devanagari system for writing these numbers, like ५, ८, ९
See also
- Indian numbering system
- Numbers in Nepali language
References
- Notes
- ↑ "शून्य (Shoony) का तद्भव - Hindi Tutor". https://hinditutor.in/qa/97246/शून्य-shoony-का-तद्भव.
- ↑ "सुन्ना" (in en). 28 February 2021. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/सुन्ना#Nepali.
- ↑ "zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary". https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=zero.
- ↑ Devanagari for TEX version 2.17, page 22
- ↑ "Alternate digits in Devanagari". Scriptsource.org. http://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=entry_detail&uid=hvzj8v9yrg.
- Sources
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