Earth:Ariyalur Group

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Ariyalaur Group
Stratigraphic range: Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene (Paleocene) (Campanian to Danian)
~82–65.5 Ma
TypeGeological group
Sub-unitsSillakkudi formation, Kallakurichi Formation, Ottakovil formation, Kallamedu Formation
UnderliesNiniyur Formation
OverliesAnaipadi Formation, Trichinopoly Group
Location
CountryIndia
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The Ariyalaur Group is a geological group in Tamil Nadu in Southern India.[1][2]

Fossil content

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

Dinosaurs from the Ariyalaur group
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Abelisauridae indet.[3] "Disassociated remains" and teeth. Kallamedu formation
Carnosauria indet.?[4] "Fragmentary remains". Carnosauria was often used as a wastebasket taxon. Kallamedu formation
Troodontidae indet.[3] One isolated tooth (DUGF/52). Kallamedu formation
Bruhathkayosaurus[4][5] B. matleyi ilium and ischium, femur, tibia, radius and part of a vertebra (specifically a platycoelous caudal centrum). Remains no longer exist. Initially described as a Theropod, it was reclassified as a Titanosaur. Kallamedu formation thumb
Sauropoda Indeterminate.[6][7] "Fragmentary remains". Kallamedu formation
Titanosauria Indeterminate.[8] Solitary egg. Kallamedu formation
Titanosauria Indeterminate.[9] Ten large sauropod bones, some of which could be identified as a humerus or femur, proximal end of a femur and scapula. All the bones pertain to the limbs. Similar in size to Bruhathkayosaurus.[5] Kallamedu formation
Fusioolithus[8] F. baghensis Dinosaur eggs. Kallamedu formation
?Camarasauridae[10] Indeterminate. Vertebrae. Camarasaurids are not known from the cretaceous. Kallamedu formation
?Stegosauria[11] Indeterminate. Misinterpreted sauropod bone. Other more plausible Stegosaur material is known from Cretaceous India. Kallamedu formation
Sauropoda Sauropoda indet.[5] "Scant remains".
Stegosauria Stegosauria indet.[5]
Theropoda Theropoda indet.[5] "Scant remains".
Theropoda[12] indet. A Theropod. Kallankurichchi formation
?Titanosaurus[12] T. indicus A dubious genus of titanosaurian sauropod. Kallakurichi Formation
Titanosaurus
Megaloolithus[13] M. cylindricus Fossilised eggs. A Sauropod Oogenus. Kallakurichi Formation
Sanajeh fossil

The holotype of Sanajeh preserved with Megaloolithus

Stegosauridae[12] Stegosauridae indet A Stegosaurid. Kallakurichi Formation
Molluscs from the Ariyalaur group
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Inoceramus[5] I. sp. Sillakkudi formation

thumb

Karapadites[5] K. karapadense Sillakkudi formation
Inoceramus[14] I. bulbus A clam. Kallakurichi formation
I. tamulicus Kallakurichi formation
Pycnodonta[14] P. vesicularis A clam. Kallakurichi formation
Ostrea (Alectryonia)[14] sp. A clam. Kallakurichi formation thumb
Anisomyon[14] A. indicus A snail. Kallakurichi formation

thumb

Foraminiferas from the Ariyalaur group
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Globotruncana G. arca[5] Sillakkudi formation thumb
G. ventricosa[5] Sillakkudi formation
G. elevata[5] Sillakkudi formation
Sea Urchins from the Ariyalaur group
Genus Species Material Member Notes Images
Hemipneustes H. compressus[15] Kallakurichi Formation

thumb

Rhynchonellatans from the Ariyalaur group
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Rectithyris R. subdepressa[14] Kallakurichi Formation
Rhynchonella R. sp.[14] Kallakurichi Formation

thumb

Brachiopods from the Ariyalaur group
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Gyrodina G. globosa[14] Kallakurichi Formation
Neobulimina N. sp.[14] Kallakurichi Formation
Arthropods from the Ariyalur group
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Thalassinoides T. sp.[5] An ichnofossil made by decapod crustaceans, or fish Ottakovil Formation

thumb

Ophiomorpha O. sp.[5] Made by burrowing arthropods Ottakovil Formation

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References

  1. ↑ Bakkiaraj, D.; Nagendra, R.; Nagarajan, R.; Armstrong-Altrin, John S. (2010). "Geochemistry of sandstones from the Upper Cretaceous Sillakkudi Formation, Cauvery Basin, southern India: Implication for provenance" (in en). Journal of the Geological Society of India 76 (5): 453–467. doi:10.1007/s12594-010-0128-3. ISSN 0016-7622. Bibcode: 2010JGSI...76..453B. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12594-010-0128-3. 
  2. ↑ Banerji, Ranjit K. (1966-06-01). "The Genus Globotruncana and Biostratigraphy of the Lower Ariyalur Stage (upper Cretaceous) of Vridhachalam, South India". Journal of the Geological Society of India 7 (1): 51–69. doi:10.17491/jgsi/1966/070111. ISSN 0974-6889. https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1966/070111. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Goswami, A.; Prasad, G. V. R.; Verma, O.; Flynn, J. J.; Benson, R. B. J. (2013). "A troodontid dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of India". Nature Communications 4: 1703. doi:10.1038/ncomms2716. PMID 23591870. Bibcode: 2013NatCo...4.1703G. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yadagiri, P. and Ayyasami, K. (1987). "A carnosaurian dinosaur from the Kallamedu Formation (Maestrichtian horizon), Tamilnadu." In M.V.A. Sastry, V.V. Sastry, C.G.K. Ramanujam, H.M. Kapoor, B.R. Jagannatha Rao, P.P. Satsangi, and U.B. Mathur (eds.), Three Decades of Development in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy in India. Volume 1. Precambrian to Mesozoic. Geological Society of India Special Publication, 11(1): 523–528.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 Pal, Saurabh; Ayyasami, Krishnan (May 2022). "The lost titan of Cauvery" (in en). Geology Today 38 (3): 112–116. doi:10.1111/gto.12390. ISSN 0266-6979. Bibcode: 2022GeolT..38..112P. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gto.12390. 
  6. ↑ R. Lydekker. (1877). Notices of new and other Vertebrata from Indian Tertiary and Secondary rocks. Records of the Geological Survey of India 10(1):30–43
  7. ↑ C. R. Narayana Rao and L. Rama Rao. 1930. The limb bones of a sauropodous dinosaur. Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress, Allahabad 17:330.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Dhiman, Harsha; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Goswami, Anjali (2018). "Parataxonomy and palaeobiogeographic significance of dinosaur eggshell fragments from the Upper Cretaceous strata of the Cauvery Basin, South India". Historical Biology: 1–13. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1450408. 
  9. ↑ Matley, 1929. "The Cretaceous Dinosaurs of the Trichinopoly district and the rocks associated with them". Records of the Geological Survey of India. Vol. 61 (4):337-349.
  10. ↑ C. R. Narayana Rao and L. Rama Rao. 1930. Some dinosaurian vertebrae. Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress, Allahabad 17:329.
  11. ↑ Peter M. Galton; Krishnan Ayyasami (2017). "Purported latest bone of a plated dinosaur (Ornithischia: Stegosauria), a "dermal plate" from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of southern India". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 285 (1): 91–96. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2017/0671. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Weishampel, et al. (2004). The Dinosauria. Second Edition. p. 680.
  13. ↑ Kohring et al., 1996[incomplete short citation]
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 Ayyasami, 1989[incomplete short citation]
  15. ↑ Aziz & Badve, 1990[incomplete short citation]



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