Earth:National Spatial Reference System
The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), managed by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), is a coordinate system that includes latitude, longitude, elevation, and other values. The NSRS consists of a National Shoreline, the NOAA CORS Network[1] (a system of Global Positioning System Continuously Operating Reference Stations), a network of permanently marked points, and a set of models that describe dynamic geophysical processes affecting spatial measurements. The system is based on NAD 83 and NAVD 88.[2]
In 2024 or 2025, the NSRS will be modernized with a focus on GNSS and geoid use. It will use the following four frames of reference, each representing a tectonic plate:[3][4]
- North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (NATRF2022)
- Pacific Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (PTRF2022)
- Caribbean Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (CTRF2022)
- Mariana Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (MTRF2022)
A (relatively prominent) survey monument that is part of the NSRS[5]
Datum of 2022
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The Datum of 2022 is a placeholder name for a new geodetic datum set to be produced by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey in 2024–2025[6][7] to improve the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) by replacing the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) with a new geometric reference frame and geopotential datum.[8]
The new reference frames will rely primarily on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), as well as on a gravimetric geoid model resulting from NGS' Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) Project.
These new reference frames are intended be easier to access and to maintain than NAD 83 and NAVD 88, which rely on physical survey marks that deteriorate over time.[8]
See also
- Altitude
- Geodesy
- Sea Level Datum of 1929
- Topographic elevation
- Topography
- Reference ellipsoid
- Geoid
References
Attribution: contains public domain material copied from ngs.noaa.gov
- ↑ "NGS - NCN Homepage" (in EN-US). https://geodesy.noaa.gov/CORS/.
- ↑ "The National Spatial Reference System". National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/INFO/OnePagers/NSRS.html. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
- ↑ "How to Transition to the United States 2022 National Coordinate System Without Getting Left Behind". United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/psa/activities/2019/UN_Fiji_2019/S5-24.pdf.
- ↑ Smith, Dru; Roman, Dan; Hilla, Steve. "NOAA Technical Report NOS NGS 62: Blueprint for 2022, Part 1: Geometric Coordinates". National Geodetic Survey. http://ohiosurveyor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/NOAA_TR_NOS_NGS_0062.pdf. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
- ↑ "NGS Datasheet for marker DH4418 @ Chamberlain, SD". https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=DH4418.
- ↑ US Department of Commerce, NOAA; US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Delayed Release of Modernized NSRS, New Datums" (in EN-US). https://geodesy.noaa.gov/datums/newdatums/delayed-release.shtml.
- ↑ US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ - New Datums - National Geodetic Survey" (in EN-US). https://geodesy.noaa.gov/datums/newdatums/FAQNewDatums.shtml.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "New Datums - National Geodetic Survey" (in EN-US). https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/datums/newdatums/index.shtml.
External links
- Doyle, David R.. "Development of The National Spatial Reference System". National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/develop_NSRS.html.
- "United States Geological Survey home page". http://www.usgs.gov/.
- "U.S. National Geodetic Survey home page". http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/.
- "Geodetic Glossary". United States National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS-Proxy/Glossary/xml/NGS_Glossary.xml.
- "Orthometric Height Conversion tool". United States National Geodetic Survey. https://geodesy.noaa.gov/NCAT/.
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