Earth:Lueders Formation

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Lueders Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Permian
Exposure in Wilbarger County, Texas (1908).
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofAlbany Group
Sub-units
  • Lake Kemp Limestone
  • Maybelle Limestone
UnderliesClear Fork Group[1]
OverliesTalpa Formation[1]
Thickness50 to 70 feet[1]
Lithology
PrimaryInterbedded shale & limestone[1]
Location
RegionTexas
CountryUnited States
Type section
Named forLueders, Texas

The Lueders Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It is the top formation of the Albany Group and preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.[1]

Helicoconchus elongatus, a microconchid from the Lueders Formation of Texas.

Description

Paleogeography

At the time of deposition, a broad sea connected to the Panthalassic Ocean covered much of the central United States, including Texas. The Lueders Formation would have been located in the northern tropics or subtropics. Climatically, after the retreat of an early Artinskian glacial maximum, the deserts of the North American craton experienced fluctuation and growth during this time period, and the associated aridity decrease impacted seabed deposition in localities across the basin.[2]

Depositional environment

The Lueders Formation represents a deltaic environment, with terrestrial sediments being deposited onto the muddy bottom of a shallow estuary by shifting freshwater streams. In the Maybelle Member, the dolomite likely represents marine deposits, preserving marine sharks and fish, whereas darker terrestrial sediments and freshwater shale deposits contain remains of land animals and freshwater fish respectively.[3]

Fossil content

Amphibians

Amphibians reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Crossotelos C. annulatus Maybelle Member.[4] Multiple specimens.[4] A nectridean.
Diplocaulus D. magnicornis Maybelle Member.[3] Multiple specimens.[3] A nectridean.
Eryops E. megacephalus Maybelle Member.[3] Limb & skull elements.[3] An eryopid.
Trimerorhachis T. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] Limb & skull elements.[3] A dvinosaur.

Fish

Acanthodians

Acanthodians reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Acanthodes A. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] A fin spine.[3] An acanthodiform, known from freshwater deposits.

Bony fish

Bony fish reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
"Acrolepis" Maybelle Member.[3] Scales.[3] A palaeonisciform.
Gnathorhiza G. serrata Maybelle Member.[3][5] Jaw elements & near-complete specimen.[3][5] A lungfish from freshwater deposits.
Lawnia L. cf. L. taylorensis Maybelle Member.[3][6] Remains of millions of individuals.[3] A palaeonisciform originally reported as 'Lawnia-like', now thought to represent the genus itself.[6]
Luederia L. kempi Maybelle Member.[3][6] A braincase & 2 large cleithra.[3][7] A marine palaeonisciform.
?Platysomus ?P. palmaris Maybelle Member.[3] Partial bodies & numerous scales.[3] A marine (?) palaeonisciform.
Sagenodus Maybelle Member.[5] Upper tooth plate (UCLA VP 431).[5] A lungfish.
Schaefferichthys S. leudersensis Maybelle Member.[3] Incomplete specimen (USNM 23109).[3][8] A freshwater palaeonisciform.
?Spermatodus ?S. pustulosus Maybelle Member.[3] Multiple specimens.[3] A coelacanth.

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Acrodus ?A. olsoni Teeth.[9] A hybodont.
?A. sweetlacruzensis Teeth.[9] A hybodont.
Barbclabornia B. luedersensis Numerous teeth.[10] A giant freshwater xenacanth.
Ctenacanthus C. cf. C. amblyxiphias Maybelle Member.[3] Fin spines.[3] A ctenacanth found in the marine dolomite.
Janassa J. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] Isolated teeth.[3] A petalodont found in the marine dolomite.
Orthacanthus O. platypternus Teeth.[11] A freshwater xenacanth.
O. texensis Teeth.[11] A freshwater xenacanth.
Polyacrodus P. wichitaensis Teeth.[9] A hybodont.
P. zideki Teeth.[9] A hybodont.
Xenacanthus ?X. slaughteri Teeth.[11] A freshwater xenacanth.
X. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] A tooth.[3] A freshwater xenacanth.

Synapsids

Synapsids reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Dimetrodon D. sp. Maybelle Member.[3] Neural spine & bone fragments.[3] A sphenacodontid.

Invertebrates

Arthropods

Arthropods reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ostracoda indet. Indeterminate WSU 1445.[2] A fragmentary ostracod.
Panduralimulus P. babcocki Maybelle Member.[12] Multiple specimens.[12] A horseshoe crab.

Bivalves

Bivalves reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Myalinella M. sp. Valves (WSU 1407).[2] A myalinid.
Pinnidae indet. Indeterminate Shell.[2] An unknown pen shell.

Bryozoans

Bryozoans reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Bryozoa indet. Indeterminate WSU 1430.[2] A fragmentary bryozoan.

Cephalopods

Cephalopods reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Koninckioceras K. bibbi Internal mold.[13] A nautiloid.
Metacoceras M. sp. Shell (WSU 1437).[2] A nautiloid.
Michelinoceras M. sp. Phragmocone (WSU 1406).[2] A orthocerid.
Millkoninckioceras M. sp. Shell (WSU 1442).[2] A nautiloid.
Perrinitidae indet. Indeterminate 3 specimens.[2] An ammonite.
Stenopoceras cf. S. whitei Phragmocone.[2] A nautiloid.

Echinoderms

Echinoderms reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Crinoidea indet. Indeterminate Columnal (WSU1405A).[2] A fragmentary crinoid.

Plants

Plants reported from the Lueders Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Tinsleya T. texana Maybelle Member.[14] Numerous specimens.[14] A pteridosperm.
Zeilleropteris Z. wattii Leaves.[15] A gigantopterid.

See also

  • List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Texas
  • Paleontology in Texas

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Geolex — Lueders publications". https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/UnitRefs/LuedersRefs_9119.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Shell, Ryan; Peterman, David; Ciampaglio, Charles; Armstrong, Adam; Laurene Fuelling (2020) (in en). A fossil molluscan fauna from the lower Lueders Formation of north-central Texas. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15600.81924. http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.2.15600.81924. 
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 Dalquest, Walter W.; Kocurko, M. John (1986). "Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of a Lower Permian Delta Margin in Baylor County, Texas". The Southwestern Naturalist 31 (4): 477–492. doi:10.2307/3671702. ISSN 0038-4909. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3671702. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Carlson, Keith J. (1999). "Crossotelos, an Early Permian Nectridean Amphibian". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (4): 623–631. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4524033. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Berman, David S. (1968). "Lungfish from the Lueders Formation (Lower Permian, Texas) and the Gnathorhiza-Lepidosirenid Ancestry Questioned". Journal of Paleontology 42 (3): 827–835. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1302378. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Dalquest, Walter W.; Kocurko, M. John (1988). "Notes on Permian Fishes from Lake Kemp, Baylor County, Texas, with a Synopsis of Texas Palaeonisciform Fishes". The Southwestern Naturalist 33 (3): 263–274. doi:10.2307/3671755. ISSN 0038-4909. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3671755. 
  7. ↑ Schaeffer, Bobb; Dalquest, Walter Woelber (1978). "A palaeonisciform braincase from the Permian of Texas, with comments on cranial fissures and the posterior myodome.". American Museum Novitates (2658). http://hdl.handle.net/2246/5327. 
  8. ↑ Dalquest, Walter W. (1966). "An Unusual Paleonisciform Fish from the Permian of Texas". Journal of Paleontology 40 (3): 759–762. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1301762. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Johnson, Gary D. (1981). "Hybodontoidei (Chondrichthyes) from the Wichita-Albany Group (Early Permian) of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1 (1): 1–41. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4522833. 
  10. ↑ Johnson, Gary D. (2008-04-22). "Dentitions of Barbclabornia (new genus, Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from the Upper Palaeozoic of North America" (in en). Fossil Record 6 (1): 125–146. doi:10.1002/mmng.20030060106. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230047345. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Johnson, G. D. (1999). "Dentitions of Late Palaeozoic Orthacanthus species and new species of ?Xenacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from North America". Acta Geologica Polonica. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Allen, Joel G.; Feldmann, Rodney M. (2005). "Panduralimulus babcocki n. gen. and sp., a New Limulacean Horseshoe Crab from the Permian of Texas". Journal of Paleontology 79 (3): 594–600. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4095027. 
  13. ↑ Miller, A. K.; Kemp, Augusta Hasslock (1947). "A Koninckioceras from the Lower Permian of North-Central Texas". Journal of Paleontology 21 (4): 351–354. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1299305. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Mamay, Sergius H. (1966). "Tinsleya, a new genus of seed-bearing callipterid plants from the Permian of north-central Texas". Geological Survey Professional Paper: 1–15. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp523E. 
  15. ↑ Mamay, S H; Mamay, S. H. (1986). "New species of Gigantopteridaceae from the lower Permian of Texas". Phytologia 61: 311–315. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6538. ISSN 0031-9430. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/6538. 




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