Earth:Nevado San Francisco

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Short description: Mountain in Argentina
Nevado San Francisco
Vegas de San Francisco.jpg
Highest point
Elevation6,016 m (19,738 ft)
Prominence1,124 metres (3,688 ft)[1]
Parent peakOjos del Salado
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 26°55′07.68″S 068°15′45.71″W / 26.9188°S 68.2626972°W / -26.9188; -68.2626972 
Geography
LocationArgentina -Chile
Parent rangeAndes
Geology
Age of rock1.34 - 1.32 million years ago
Mountain typeStratovolcano
Last eruptionUnknown
Climbing
First ascent16 December 1913 - Walther Penck (Germany)[2]

Nevado San Francisco, or Cerro San Francisco (Spanish pronunciation: [neˈβaðo/ˈsero saɱ fɾanˈsisko]), is a stratovolcano on the border between Argentina and Chile ,[3] located just southeast of San Francisco Pass. It is considered extinct and is one of the several 6,000 m (19,700 ft) peaks in the area, of which the chief is the Ojos del Salado. It is on the border of 2 provinces: Argentinean province of Catamarca; Chilean province of Copiapo.[4][5][6]

The volcano is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes[7] and reaches an elevation of 6,016 metres (19,738 ft).[8][4][lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] It is composed from andesite with the exception of basaltic cones and lava flows on the eastern side. These cones are part of the Peinado lineament and a sample was dated 200,000 years ago by argon chronology.[15]:74–75 They are noteworthy for their olivine phenocrysts.[7] One lava flow less than one million years old reaches a length of 11 kilometres (6.8 mi).[16] The western slopes contain dacitic lava domes.[17] On the summit lie two circle-shaped constructs, of Inca or Formative period ages.[15] San Francisco was first climbed by Walther Penck (Germany) on 16 December 1913.[18]

Notes

  1. ↑ Other data from digital elevation models: SRTM yields 6,027 metres (19,774 ft),[9] ASTER 6,019 metres (19,747 ft),[10] SRTM filled with ASTER6,027 metres (19,774 ft),[10] ALOS 6,019 metres (19,747 ft),[11] TanDEM-X 6,069 metres (19,911 ft)[12] and a handheld GPS survey by Maximo Kausch in October 2012 6,045 metres (19,833 ft).[13]
  2. ↑ The height of the nearest key col is 4,911 metres (16,112 ft),[14] leading to a topographic prominence of 1,124 metres (3,688 ft) with a topographical dominance of 18.62%. Its parent peak is Ojos del Salado and the Topographic isolation is 34.8 kilometres (21.6 mi).[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "San Francisco" (in en). http://www.andes-specialists.com/san-francisco-6035. 
  2. ↑ Walter Penck (1912–1914). Diarios de investigaciones y viajes a la Cordillera de los Andes. 
  3. ↑ Biggar, John (2020). The Andes a guide for climbers (5th ed.). Castle Douglas, Scotland. ISBN 978-0-9536087-7-5. OCLC 1260820889. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1260820889. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "San Francisco" (in en). http://www.andes-specialists.com/san-francisco-6035. 
  5. ↑ "Capas SIG | Instituto Geográfico Nacional". https://www.ign.gob.ar/NuestrasActividades/InformacionGeoespacial/CapasSIG. 
  6. ↑ rbenavente. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | SIIT | Mapas vectoriales" (in en). https://www.bcn.cl/siit/mapas_vectoriales/index_html. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kay, Suzanne Mahlburg; Mpodozis, Constantino; Gardeweg, Moyra (1 January 2014). "Magma sources and tectonic setting of Central Andean andesites (25.5–28°S) related to crustal thickening, forearc subduction erosion and delamination" (in en). Geological Society, London, Special Publications 385 (1): 310. doi:10.1144/SP385.11. ISSN 0305-8719. Bibcode: 2014GSLSP.385..303K. http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/385/1/303. 
  8. ↑ Difrol
  9. ↑ USGS, EROS Archive. "USGS EROS Archive - Digital Elevation - SRTM Coverage Maps". https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-srtm-coverage-maps?qt-science_center_objects=4#qt-science_center_objects. Retrieved 12 April 2020. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "ASTER GDEM Project". https://ssl.jspacesystems.or.jp/ersdac/GDEM/E/. 
  11. ↑ "ALOS GDEM Project". https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/aw3d30/index.htm. 
  12. ↑ TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X. "Copernicus Space Component Data Access". https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/web/cscda/missions/tandem-x. Retrieved 12 April 2020. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Andean Mountains - All above 5000m" (in en). http://www.andes-specialists.com/andean-mountains-5000/. 
  14. ↑ "Andean Mountains - All above 5000m" (in en). http://www.andes-specialists.com/andean-mountains-5000/. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Nevado de Incahuasi: The Archaeological Anatomy of a Sacred Mountain in the Andes. 2008. ISBN 978-1-109-06242-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=35ClfmRaoawC&pg=PA74. 
  16. ↑ "Comunicación | Conicet" (in es-ES). http://www.conicet.gov.ar/new_scp/detalle.php?keywords=&id=22622&inst=yes&congresos=yes&detalles=yes&congr_id=3421078. 
  17. ↑ Baker, P. E.; Gonzalez-Ferran, O.; Rex, D. C. (1 February 1987). "Geology and geochemistry of the Ojos del Salado volcanic region, Chile" (in en). Journal of the Geological Society 144 (1): 89. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.144.1.0085. ISSN 0016-7649. Bibcode: 1987JGSoc.144...85B. http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/144/1/85. 
  18. ↑ Penck, Walter (1912–1914). Diarios de investigaciones y viajes a la Cordillera de los Andes. 

External links




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