Earth:Ohyamashimo Formation

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Ohyamashimo Formation
Stratigraphic range: Albian
~112.1–106.4 Ma
Type locality of the Tambatitanis, currently covered by concrete for protection.
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofSasayama Group
UnderliesSawada Formation
OverliesBasement (Unconformity)
Thickness1300 metres
Lithology
PrimaryConglomerate, Sandstone, Mudstone
OtherTuff
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 35°06′N 135°06′E / 35.1°N 135.1°E / 35.1; 135.1
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 47°54′N 132°48′E / 47.9°N 132.8°E / 47.9; 132.8
RegionHyōgo Prefecture
CountryJapan
Type section
Named forOhyamashimo, Tamba-Sasayama
Named byHayashi et al., 2017[1]
Ohyamashimo Formation is located in Japan
Ohyamashimo Formation
Ohyamashimo Formation (Japan)

The Ohyamashimo Formation(大山下層) is an Early Cretaceous (Albian) geologic formation, distributed in Tamba and Tamba-Sasayama, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. It has been dated to the early-mid Albian, between 112.1 ± 0.4 Ma and 106.4 ± 0.4 Ma. Dinosaur remains have been discovered from this formation, including the sauropod Tambatitanis, the theropod Hypnovenator and the ceratopsian Sasayamagnomus. Other representative fossils from the formation include the monstersaurian lizard Morohasaurus and eutherian mammal Sasayamamylos. The depositional environment represents a fluvial system with a subhumid to semi-arid climate. The Ohyamashimo Formation was called the 'Lower Formation' of the Sasayama Group before it was named in 2017.[1]

Fossil content

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

Ornithischians of the Ohyamashimo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Ankylosauria Indet.[2] Indeterminate Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba Albian Dental remains.
Iguanodontia Indet.[2] Indeterminate Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba Albian Dental remains.
Sasayamagnomus[3] S. saegusai Miyada microvertebrate site, Tamba-Sasayama Albian Skull elements and partial postcranial remains. A neoceratopsian; closely related to Aquilops americanus.

Saurischians

Sauropods
Sauropods of the Ohyamashimo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Tambatitanis[2] T. amicitiae Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba Albian A single partial skeleton. A titanosauriform sauropod
Theropods

Indeterminate theropod dental remains are known from the Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba.[2]


Theropods of the Ohyamashimo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Hypnovenator[4] H. matsubaraetoheorum Nishikosa, Tamba-Sasayama Albian A single partial skeleton. A troodontid theropod; closely related to Gobivenator mongoliensis.
Therizinosauria Indet.[2] Indeterminate Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba Albian Dental remains.
Tyrannosauroidea Indet.[2] Indeterminate Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba Albian Dental remains.

Squamates

Squamtes of the Ohyamashimo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Morohasaurus[5] M. kamitakiensis Kamitaki Egg Quarry, Tamba Albian A nearly complete left dentary. A monstersaurian lizard
Pachygenys[6] P. adachii Miyada microvertebrate site, Tamba-Sasayama Albian A single, partially broken right mandible A scincomorphan lizard

Amphibians

Amphibian of the Ohyamashimo Formation[7]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Hyogobatrachus H. wadai Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba Albian A nearly complete skeleton. A frog
Tambabatrachus T. kawazu Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba Albian An articulated skeleton lacking the anterior part of the skull, most of the pectoral girdle, manus, and feet. A frog

Mammals

Mammals of the Ohyamashimo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Sasayamamylos[8] S. kawaii Miyada microvertebrate site, Tamba-Sasayama Albian Three dentaries. A asioryctitherian eutherian

Crustaceans

Crustaceans of the Ohyamashimo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Mongolocypris M. sp. Albian A ostracod
Conchostraca Indet. Indeterminate Albian A clam shrimp

Molluscs

Bivalves

Bivalves of the Ohyamashimo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Sphaerium S. coreanicum Albian A sphaeriid bivalve

Gastropods

Gastropods of the Ohyamashimo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Viviparus V. cf. keishoensis Albian A viviparid gastropod

Oofossils

Eggs of the Ohyamasimo Formation[9][10]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Elongatoolithus E. sp. Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba Likely laid by oviraptorosaur.
Himeoolithus H. murakamii Kamitaki Egg Quarry, Tamba Likely laid by a small theropod.
Nipponoolithus N. ramosus Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry and Kamitaki Egg Quarry, Tamba Likely laid by non-avian maniraptoran theropod.
Prismatoolithus P. sp. Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry and Kamitaki Egg Quarry, Tamba Likely laid by either troodontids or birds.
Subtiliolithus S. hyogoensis Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry and Kamitaki Egg Quarry, Tamba Likely laid by a small theropod.
Spheroolithus S. sp. Kamitaki Bonebed Quarry, Tamba Likely laid by hadrosaurs or other ornithopods.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hayashi, Keiichi; Fujita, Saki; Koarai, Kazuto; Matsukawa, Masaki (2017-09-15). "Stratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Cretaceous Sasayama Group in the Sasayama area, Hyogo Prefecture, western Japan" (in en). The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 123 (9): 747–764. doi:10.5575/geosoc.2017.0016. ISSN 0016-7630. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Saegusa, Haruo; Ikeda, Tadahiro (12 August 2014). "A new titanosauriform sauropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Hyogo, Japan". Zootaxa 3848 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3848.1.1. 
  3. ↑ Tanaka, Tomonori; Chiba, Kentaro; Ikeda, Tadahiro; Ryan, Michael J. (September 2024). "A new neoceratopsian (Ornithischia, Ceratopsia) from the Lower Cretaceous Ohyamashimo Formation (Albian), southwestern Japan". Papers in Palaeontology 10 (5). doi:10.1002/spp2.1587. 
  4. ↑ Kubota, Katsuhiro; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Ikeda, Tadahiro (25 July 2024). "Early Cretaceous troodontine troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Ohyamashimo Formation of Japan reveals the early evolution of Troodontinae". Scientific Reports 14 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66815-2. 
  5. ↑ Ikeda, Tadahiro; Ota, Hidetoshi; Tanaka, Tomonori; Ikuno, Kenji; Kubota, Katsuhiro; Tanaka, Kohei; Saegusa, Haruo (February 2022). "A fossil Monstersauria (Squamata: Anguimorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous Ohyamashimo Formation of the Sasayama Group in Tamba City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan". Cretaceous Research 130. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105063. 
  6. ↑ Ikeda, Tadahiro; Ota, Hidetoshi; Saegusa, Haruo (2 January 2015). "A new fossil lizard from the Lower Cretaceous Sasayama Group of Hyogo Prefecture, western Honshu, Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (1). doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.885032. 
  7. ↑ Ikeda, Tadahiro; Ota, Hidetoshi; Matsui, Masafumi (June 2016). "New fossil anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Sasayama Group of Hyogo Prefecture, Western Honshu, Japan". Cretaceous Research 61: 108–123. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.024. 
  8. ↑ Kusuhashi, Nao; Tsutsumi, Yukiyasu; Saegusa, Haruo; Horie, Kenji; Ikeda, Tadahiro; Yokoyama, Kazumi; Shiraishi, Kazuyuki (22 May 2013). "A new Early Cretaceous eutherian mammal from the Sasayama Group, Hyogo, Japan". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280 (1759). doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0142. 
  9. ↑ Tanaka, Kohei; Zelenitsky, Darla K.; Saegusa, Haruo; Ikeda, Tadahiro; DeBuhr, Christopher L.; Therrien, François (January 2016). "Dinosaur eggshell assemblage from Japan reveals unknown diversity of small theropods". Cretaceous Research 57: 350–363. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.06.002. 
  10. ↑ Tanaka, Kohei; Zelenitsky, Darla K.; Therrien, François; Ikeda, Tadahiro; Kubota, Katsuhiro; Saegusa, Haruo; Tanaka, Tomonori; Ikuno, Kenji (October 2020). "Exceptionally small theropod eggs from the Lower Cretaceous Ohyamashimo Formation of Tamba, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan". Cretaceous Research 114. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104519. 



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