Earth:Quiriquina Formation

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Quiriquina Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Maastrichtian
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofArauco Group
UnderliesLebu Group
OverliesGranitic rocks
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherConglomerate
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 33°30′S 71°42′W / 33.5°S 71.7°W / -33.5; -71.7
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 35°36′S 59°12′W / 35.6°S 59.2°W / -35.6; -59.2
RegionBío Bío, Concepción & Valparaíso Regions
CountryChile
ExtentArauco Basin
Type section
Named forQuiriquina Island
Named byBiró-Bagóczky
Year defined1982
Quiriquina Formation is located in Chile
Quiriquina Formation
Quiriquina Formation (Chile)

The Quiriquina Formation is a geological formation in Chile whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[1] The glauconitic sandstones and conglomerates of the formation were deposited in a marine environment.[2]

Paleofauna

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

Reptiles

Birds

Birds reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Neogaeornis[3][4] N. wetzeli Bahía San Vicente Two tarsometatarsi A diving bird, possibly a vegaviid

Mosasaurs

Mosasaurs reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
cf. Halisaurinae indet.[5] Indeterminate Loanco Isolated tooth (SGO.PV.6629) A halisaurine, another specimen formerly given the same classification has been reclassified as Halisaurus sp.
Halisaurus[5][6][7] H. sp. Cocholgüe Jaw elements (CPOC/Q/3105) Specimen formerly classified as cf. Plotosaurus sp. and cf. Halisaurinae indet.
Mosasauridae indet.[5][8] Indeterminate Quiriquina Island Dorsal vertebra (CPMC 18) A mosasaur, specimen is too fragmentary and eroded for more precise identification
Indeterminate Algarrobo
  • Isolated tooth (SGO.PV.6570)
  • Three isolated tooth crowns (SGO.PV.6571)
 Material resembles the teeth of a specimen now referred to Halisaurus sp. (CPOC/Q/3105)
Plotosaurus[6][7] cf. P. sp. Cocholgüe Jaw elements (CPOC/Q/3105) Specimen reassigned to Halisaurus sp.
Tylosaurinae indet.[5] Indeterminate
  • Cocholgüe
  • Loanco
 Two teeth (MPC 11000 & MPC 11001) A tylosaurine

Plesiosaurs

Plesiosaurs reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Aristonectes[9][10][11][12] A. quiriquinensis
  • Cocholgüe
  • Las Tablas Bay
  • Partial skeleton (SGO.PV.957)
  • Postcranial skeleton of a juvenile (SGO.PV.260)
  • Complete femur (SGO.PV.135)
  • Partial humerus (SGO.PV.169)
  • Caudal vertebrae (SGO.PV.94)
 An aristonectine, some specimens of this species were formerly reported as Aristonectinae indet. or Mauisaurus sp.
Aristonectinae indet.[9][10] Indeterminate Las Tablas Bay Postcranial skeleton of a juvenile (SGO.PV.260) Specimen reassigned to Aristonectes quiriquinensis
Cimoliasaurus[4][13][14] C. andium Vertebrae and limb elements An elasmosaurid, species now deemed a nomen dubium
Elasmosauridae indet.[8][14] Indeterminate Algarrobo
  • 21 articulated vertebrae (SGO.PV.90)
  • 17 teeth (SGO.PV.6572)
 An elasmosaurid
Indeterminate Mariscadero Postcranial skeleton (SGO.PV.6506) May represent the same species as material referred to the dubious "Cimoliasaurus" andium
Mauisaurus[12][15] M. sp. Las Tablas Bay Specimens reassigned to Aristonectes quiriquinensis
Plesiosauria indet.[8] Indeterminate Algarrobo Partial left propodial (SGO.PV.6638) May represent a young individual
Pliosaurus[4][13] P. chilensis Vertebrae and limb elements (now lost) Species now deemed a nomen dubium, material actually represents an elasmosaurid and not a pliosaur
Wunyelfia[16] W. maulensis Pelluhue Partial skeleton (SGO.PV.6507) An aristonectine

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Australobaena[17][18] A. chilensis Quiriquina Skull (SFMF R 4151) A baenid
Chelonioidea indet.[8] Indeterminate Algarrobo Partial left humerus (MPC.11001) A sea turtle
cf. Dermochelyidae indet.[8] Indeterminate Algarrobo Associated ilium, scapula and pubis (SGO.PV.6573) A possible dermochelyid, though the feature used to diagnose it as such may also be present in some protostegids
Euclastes[19] E. sp. Cocholgüe Skull (SGO.PV.6504) A pancheloniid
Testudines indet.[8] Indeterminate Algarrobo
  • Neural plate (MPC.11003)
  • Peripheral plate (MPC.11002)
 A turtle, specimens cannot be identified more precisely

Fish

Bony fish

Bony fish reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Belonostomus[4][20] B. longirostris Algarrobo
  • Two rostrum fragments (SGO-PV 788 & SGO PV 790)
  • Predentary (SGO-PV-789)
 An aspidorhynchid
Enchodus[21] E. sp. Algarrobo
  • Abdominal centrum (SGO.PV.6825)
  • Dermopalatine with attached fang (SGO.PV.6820a)
  • Broken dermopalatine with attached broken fang (SGO.PV.6820b)
  • Incomplete right articular (SGO.PV.6824)
  • Two isolated fangs (SGO.PV.6519)
 An aulopiform
Pachycormidae indet.[21] Indeterminate Algarrobo Six teeth (SGO.PV.6620) Specimens resemble the teeth of Protosphyraena but are much smaller
Pachyrhizodus[21] P. sp. Algarrobo Three isolated teeth (SGO.PV.6571) A crossognathiform

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Biropristis[22] B. landbecki Algarrobo Oral teeth A sawskate
Callorhynchus[4] C. sp. Dental plates A ratfish
Carcharias[4] C. sp. Teeth A sand shark
Centrophoroides[4] C. sp. Teeth A dogfish shark
Chimaera[4] C. sp. Dental plates A ratfish
Dasyatidae gen. et. sp. nov.[4] New species Teeth An unnamed species of stingray
Edaphodon[4] E. sp. Dental plates A ratfish
Ischyrhiza[4][22] I. chilensis Algarrobo Rostral teeth A sawskate
Orectolobiformes gen. et. sp. nov.[4] New species Teeth An unnamed species of carpet shark
Paraorthacodus[4] P. sp. Teeth A paraorthacodontid
Squatina[4] S. sp. Teeth An angelshark

Crustaceans

Crustaceans reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anomura indet.[23] Indeterminate Algarrobo Broken dactylus tip (SGO.PI.6408) A possible hermit crab
Protocallianassa[23][24] P. saetosa
  • Algarrobo
  • Loanco
 Multiple specimens A callianassid

Molluscs

Bivalves

Bivalves reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Cardium[24] C. acuticostatum Loanco 82 specimens A cockle

Cephalopods

Cephalopods reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anagaudryceras[25] A. politissimum
  • Las Tablas
  • Colchogüe
  • Tomé
 Five specimens A gaudryceratid ammonite
A. subtilineatum
  • Colchogüe
  • Tomé
  • Lirquén
 Three juvenile specimens A gaudryceratid ammonite
Baculites[25] B. anceps
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Lirquén
  • San Vicente
  • Santa Sabina
  • Tomé
 40 specimens A baculitid ammonite
B. huenickeni
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • San Vicente
  • Santa Sabina
 32 specimens A baculitid ammonite
Diplomoceras[24][25] D. cylindraceum
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Loanco
  • San Vicente
 Seven specimens A diplomoceratid ammonite
Gaudryceras[25] G. kayei
  • Colchogüe
  • San Vicente
  • Las Tablas
  • Lirquén
  • Tomé
 Six specimens A gaudryceratid ammonite
Eubaculites[24][25] E. carinatus
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Laguna Lo Méndez
  • Lirquén
  • Loanco
 56 specimens A baculitid ammonite
Grossouvrites[24][25] G. gemmatus
  • Las Tablas
  • Loanco
  • San Vicente
 Nine specimens A kossmaticeratid ammonite
G. joharae
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Loanco
 Six specimens A kossmaticeratid ammonite
Gunnarites[25] G. cf. bhavaniformis San Vicente Two fragments A kossmaticeratid ammonite
Hoploscaphites[25] H. constrictus quiriquiniensis
  • Colchogüe
  • Dichato
 51 specimens A scaphitid ammonite
Hypophylloceras[25] H. (Neophylloceras) hetonaiense
  • Las Tablas
  • Colchogüe
  • Tomé
  • Lirquén
 20 specimens A phylloceratid ammonite
H. (Neophylloceras) inflatum
  • Las Tablas
  • Tomé
 Seven specimens A phylloceratid ammonite
H. (Neophylloceras) ramosum
  • Las Tablas
  • Los Viejos
  • Colchogüe
  • Tomé
 17 specimens A phylloceratid ammonite
H. (Neophylloceras) surya
  • Las Tablas
  • Colchogüe
 Three specimens A phylloceratid ammonite
Kitchinites[25] K. darwini
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Santa Sabina
 30 specimens A desmoceratid ammonite
K. ifrimae Colchogüe Four specimens A desmoceratid ammonite
K. vicentensis San Vicente Four specimens A desmoceratid ammonite
Kossmaticeras[25] K. (Natalites) erbeni
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • San Vicente
  • Tomé
 Nine specimens A kossmaticeratid ammonite
Maorites[25] M. densicostatus
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
 Six specimens A kossmaticeratid ammonite
Menuites[25][26] M. gerardoi San Vicente Seven specimens A pachydiscid ammonite
M. fresvillensis
  • Las Tablas
  • San Vicente
 Eight specimens A pachydiscid ammonite
Naefia[27] N. neogaeia Quiriquina Island Shell A groenlandibelid
Pachydiscus[25] P. (Pachydiscus) gutierrezi
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Lirquén
  • Puente Perales
 14 specimens A pachydiscid ammonite
P. (Pachydiscus) jacquoti chilensis
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
 Three specimens A pachydiscid ammonite
Phyllopachyceras[25] P. forbesianum Las Tablas One specimen A phylloceratid ammonite
Phylloptychoceras[25] P. sp. Tomé Five fragments A diplomoceratid ammonite
Pseudophyllites[24][25] P. indra
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Loanco
 Five specimen A tetragonitid ammonite
Trachybaculites[25] T. vicentei San Vicente One specimen A baculitid ammonite
Zelandites[25] Z. varuna
  • Colchogüe
  • Las Tablas
  • Los Viejos
  • Lirquén
  • Tomé
 11 specimens A gaudryceratid ammonite

Gastropods

Gastropods reported from the Quiriquina Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anisomyon[28] A. patelliformis A siphonariid
Austrosphaera[28] A. difficilis A buccinoid
Avellana[28] A. (Eriptycha) chilensis A ringiculid
Brunonia[28] B. sp. A carinariid
Calyptraea[28] C. (Trochita) laevis A calyptraeid
Concepcionella[28] C. bonillana
Crenilabium[28] C. (Nonacteonina) chilensis An acteonid
C. (Eacteon) valdovinosensis Quiriquina Island An acteonid
Gyrodes[28] G. (Dockeryella) euryomphalus A naticid
Petropoma[28] P. biroensis Quiriquina Island A colloniid
Polinices[28] P. (Polinella) ganae A naticid
Pyrifusus[28] P. (Deussenia) gigantea Quiriquina Island A pholidotomid
Pyropsis[28] P. (Chilenopsis) quinzioensis Quiriquina Island A pyropsid
Tegula[28] T. ovallei Numerous specimens, very common A tegulid
Tephlon[28] T. tummidus A pugnellid
Trochifusus[28] T. hombroniana A pyropsid

See also

  • Arauco Basin
  • Dorotea Formation
  • List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
  • Quiriquina Island

References

  1. ↑ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  2. ↑ Cocholgüe village, sea coast at Fossilworks.org
  3. ↑ Olson, Storrs (1991). "Neogaeornis wetzeli Lambrecht, a Cretaceous loon from Chile (Aves: Gaviidae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 (1): 122–124. doi:10.1080/02724634.1992.10011438. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1992.10011438. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 Suarez, Mario E.; Quinzio, L.A.; Fritis, Omar; Bonilla, Ramiro (2003). "Aportes al conocimiento de los vertebrados marinos de la Formación Quiriquina" (in es). 10°Congreso Geológico Chileno 2003. https://repositorio.sernageomin.cl/items/4c5ae463-f3b5-432b-9674-2a2f39cd7d94. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Jiménez-Huidobro, Paulina; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Suárez, Mario E. (2015). "Mosasaurios (Squamata: Mosasauroidea) del Cretácico Superior de Chile" (in es). Publicación Ocasional del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile: 99–111. ISSN 0716-0224. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281610455. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Frey, Eberhard; Mulder, Eric W. A.; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Salazar, Christian; Héctor Quinzio-Sinn, Luis Arturo (2016-06-01). "A mosasaur, cf. Plotosaurus, from the upper Maastrichtian Quiriquina Formation in Central Chile". Cretaceous Research 61: 17–25. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.006. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2016CrRes..61...17F. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667115301312. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Jiménez-Huidobro, Paulina; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Caldwell, Michael W. (2019-11-01). "Reassessment of cf. Plotosaurus from the upper Maastrichtian of Chile, with comments on the South American distribution of halisaurine mosasaurs". Cretaceous Research 103. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.06.008. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2019CrRes.10304162J. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667117302070. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Otero, Rodrigo A.; Parham, James F.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Jimenez-Huidobro, Paulina; Rubilar-Rogers, David (2012-06-01). "Marine reptiles from Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian) deposits in Algarrobo, central Chile". Cretaceous Research 35: 124–132. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.12.003. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2012CrRes..35..124O. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667111002035. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Rubilar-Rogers, David (2012). "A postcranial skeleton of an elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Maastrichtian of central Chile, with comments on the affinities of Late Cretaceous plesiosauroids from the Weddellian Biogeographic Province" (in en). Cretaceous Research 37: 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.010. Bibcode: 2012CrRes..37...89O. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233402744. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; O'Keefe, Frank Robin; O'Gorman, José P.; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Suárez, Mario E.; Rubilar-Rogers, David; Salazar, Christian et al. (2014). "Aristonectes quiriquinensis, sp. nov., a new highly derived elasmosaurid from the upper Maastrichtian of central Chile" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (1): 100–125. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.780953. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34..100O. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259582452. 
  11. ↑ Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; O'keefe, Frank R. (2018). "Osteology of Aristonectes quiriquinensis (Elasmosauridae, Aristonectinae) from the upper Maastrichtian of central Chile". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38 (1). doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1408638. Bibcode: 2018JVPal..38E8638O. https://www.academia.edu/65534028. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Otero, Ra; O'Gorman, Jp; Hiller, N (2015-07-03). "Reassessment of the upper Maastrichtian material from Chile referred to Mauisaurus Hector, 1874 (Plesiosauroidea: Elasmosauridae) and the taxonomical value of the hemispherical propodial head among austral elasmosaurids" (in en). New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 58 (3): 252–261. doi:10.1080/00288306.2015.1037775. ISSN 0028-8306. Bibcode: 2015NZJGG..58..252O. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274253383. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Steinmann, Gustav (1895) (in de). Das Alter und die Fauna der Quiriquina-Schichten in Chile. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch). https://books.google.com/books?id=AgBGAQAAMAAJ&q=info:b5jfgvXk7YEJ:scholar.google.com/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O.; Rubilar-Rogers, David (2014). "A new postcranial skeleton of an elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of central Chile and reassessment of Cimoliasaurus andium Deecke" (in en). Cretaceous Research 50: 318–331. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.008. Bibcode: 2014CrRes..50..318O. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262223963. 
  15. ↑ Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Rubilar-Rogers, David (2010). "Presence of the elasmosaurid plesiosaur Mauisaurus in the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of central Chile". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55 (2): 361–364. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233402748. 
  16. ↑ Otero, Rodrigo A.; Soto-Acuña, Sergio (2021-02-01). "Wunyelfia maulensis gen. et sp. nov., a new basal aristonectine (Plesiosauria, Elasmosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of central Chile". Cretaceous Research 118. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104651. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2021CrRes.11804651O. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667120303372. 
  17. ↑ Karl, Hans-Volker; Tichy, Gottfried (2002). "Australobaena chilensis n. gen. n. sp., and the homology of secondary palatines in turtles (Anapsida: Testudines)". Stvdia Geologica Salamanticensia 38: 11–19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286630550. 
  18. ↑ Karl, Hans-Volker; Safi, Amtyaz; Tichy, Gottfried (2024-12-23). "Cranial anatomy and holotype reconstruction of the Late Cretaceous turtle, Australobaena chilensis from the Quiriquina Formation, Chile". Mesozoic 1 (4): 474–482. doi:10.11646/mesozoic.1.4.5. ISSN 3021-1867. https://mapress.com/mz/article/view/mesozoic.1.4.5. 
  19. ↑ Parham, James F.; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Suárez, Mario E. (2014-05-01). "A sea turtle skull from the Cretaceous of Chile with comments on the taxonomy and biogeography of Euclastes (formerly Osteopygis)". Cretaceous Research 49: 181–189. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.03.004. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2014CrRes..49..181P. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667114000445. 
  20. ↑ Brito, Paulo M; Suárez, Mario E (2003). "Late Cretaceous Belonostomus (Pisces, Actinopterygii, Aspidorhynchidae) from Algarrobo, Chile, with comments on aspidorhynchid paleodistribution in South America" (in en). Revista geológica de Chile 30 (1). doi:10.4067/S0716-02082003000100008. ISSN 0716-0208. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Otero, Rodrigo A.; Suárez, Mario E. (2022-02-01). "Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) from the lower Maastrichtian of Algarrobo, central Chile". Cretaceous Research 130. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105027. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2022CrRes.13005027O. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667121002755. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Suárez, Mario E.; Cappetta, Henri (2004). "Sclerorhynchid teeth (Neoselachii, Sclerorhynchidae) from the Late Cretaceous of the Quiriquina Formation, central Chile" (in en). Revista geológica de Chile 31 (1). doi:10.4067/S0716-02082004000100005. ISSN 0716-0208. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Encinas, A.; Suárez, M.; Schweitzer, C. E.; Feldmann, R. M. (2006-01-01). "New Cretaceous and Eocene Callianassoidea (Thalassinidea, Decapoda) from Algarrobo, Chile" (in en). Journal of Crustacean Biology 26 (1): 73–81. doi:10.1651/C-2603.1. ISSN 0278-0372. Bibcode: 2006JCBio..26...73E. https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article-lookup/doi/10.1651/C-2603.1. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 Castro, Nataly; Salazar, Christian; Otero, Rodrigo; Stinnesback, Wolfgang; Escare, Andrés. "An invertebrate assemblage from the Quiriquina Formation (Upper Cretaceous), in Loanco, central Chile". IV Simposio de Paleontología en Chile: 26–28. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311453894. 
  25. ↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 25.16 25.17 25.18 Salazar, Christian; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Quinzio-Sinn, Luis Arturo (2010-08-01). "Ammonites from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) Quiriquina Formation in central Chile" (in en). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 257 (2): 181–236. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0072. ISSN 0077-7749. Bibcode: 2010NJGPA.257..181S. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233694473. 
  26. ↑ Salazar, Christian (2013). "The largest Menuites fresvillensis (Seunes, 1890) (Ammonoidea, Pachydiscidae) from the Maastrichtian Quiriquina Formation, Chile". Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 62 (3): 31–40. https://www.academia.edu/7798980. 
  27. ↑ Bandel, Klaus; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang (2006). "Naefia Wetzel 1930 from the Quiriquina formation (Late Maastrichtian, Chile): Relationship to modern Spirula and ancient coleoidea (Cephalopoda)". Acta Universitatis Carolinae - Geologica 49 (1): 21–32. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287565202. 
  28. ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 Bandel, K.; Stinnesbeck, W. (2000). "Gastropods of the Quiriquina Formation (Maastrichtian) in Central Chile: Paleobiogeographic relationships and the description of a few new taxa". Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I: 757–788. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286282582. 

Further reading

  • M. E. Suarez and O. Fritis. 2002. Nuevo registro de Aristonectes sp. (Plesiosauroidea incertae sedis) del Cretácico Tardío de la Formación Quiriquina, Cocholgüe, Chile. Boletín de la Sociedad de Biología de Concepción 73:87-93

Template:Sedimentary formations and groups in Chile



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