Earth:Tolar Formation
| Tolar Formation Stratigraphic range: 100.5–65.5 Ma | |
|---|---|
| Type | Geological formation |
| Underlies | Arca Formation |
| Thickness | Up to 1 km (0.62 mi) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Breccia, conglomerate and sandstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | [ ⚑ ] : 21°57′15″S 68°43′33″W / 21.9541°S 68.7259°W |
| Country |  Chile |
| Extent | Conchi Viejo, Atacama Desert |
| Type section | |
| Named by | Victor Maksaev |
| Year defined | 1978[1] |
The Tolar Formation is a Late Cretaceous to Paleocene-aged geological formation located in Chile .[1]
Dinosaur remains are among the known fossils recovered from this formation.[2]
History
The Tolar Formation was first defined by Maksaev (1978).[1]
In February 2000, with the purpose of looking for Mesozoic fossils in Chile, Chilean and Brazilian researchers mounted a preliminary expedition that was organized by the Chilean National Museum of Natural History and the National Museum of Brazil heading to Antofagasta Region. During the expedition, they discovered the deposits of the Tolar Formation, located about 150 km north of Calama town and 50 km east from El Abra copper mine.[2]
In July 2001, a second expedition was organized and with this, the Tolar Formation was excavated and the holotype of Atacamatitan chilensis and indeterminate dinosaur remains were also discovered.[3]
Age of the formation
The exact age of the Tolar Formation is unknown, but it is likely that the Tolar Formation is of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene age,[1] although it has since been suggested that the Tolar Formation may have been exclusively Late Cretaceous in age due to the presence of non-avian dinosaur fossils.[2] Marinovic & Lahsen (1984) suggested the age of the Tolar Formation to be 100.5-68 Ma or 100.5-65.5 Ma, based on the age of the underlying Arca Formation.[4]
It has also been assumed that the Tolar Formation may have instead been laid down around 109 Ma, during the Albian of the Early Cretaceous.[1]
Paleofauna
- Atacamatitan chilensis - a right femur, the proximal end of a humerus, two dorsal vertebrae, posterior caudal vertebrae, dorsal ribs and a possibly fragmentary element of the sternum, other fragmented caudal vertebrae and indeterminate bones.[3]
- Dinosauria indet. - indeterminate remains.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Maksaev, V. (1978). "Cuadrángulo Chitigua y sector occidental del cuadrángulo Cerro Palpana, Región de Antofagasta". Carta Geológica de Chile (31): 55.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Vargas, A.; Kellner, A. W. A.; Diaz, G. C.; Rubilar, D.; Soares, M (2000). "New sauropod dinosaur from the Atacama desert, northern Chile". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 75A.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kellner, A. W. A.; Rogers, D. R.; Vargas, A.; Suárez, M. (2011). "A new titanosaur sauropod from the Atacama Desert, Chile". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83 (1): 211–219. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100011. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 21437382. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/aabc/v83n1/v83n1a11.pdf.
- ↑ Marinovic, S. and Lahsen, A. (1984). Hoja Calama. Carta Geol. Chile No. 58, Serv. Nac. Geol. Min, Santiago, p. 140.
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