Earth:Washington Formation
| Washington Formation Stratigraphic range: Permian | |
|---|---|
_2.jpg) Bituminous coal (Washington Coal, Upper Pennsylvanian; Ohio) | |
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Dunkard Group[1] |
| Sub-units | Upper Washington Jollytown coal |
| Underlies | Greene Formation |
| Overlies | Waynesburg Formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | limestone, sandstone, coal |
| Other | shale |
| Location | |
| Region | Ohio and West Virginia |
| Country | United States |
The Washington Formation is a coal, sandstone, and limestone geologic formation located in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.[1] It dates back to the Lower Permian period, with its base at or near the Permian/Carboniferous boundary.[2][3] The Washington formation and the Dunkard Group as a whole was deposited at a time when the continents were in the process of forming the "Super Continent" Pangaea as well as a gradual drop in sea levels.[4] The result during this period was coals being thinner and impure with high ash content. The limestones found with in the formation are exclusively freshwater deposits.
Paleofauna
The Paleo fauna of the Washington formation is considered similar to that of the Texas red beds, sharing many taxa of fish and tetrapods with the red beds. Some of the taxa listed suggest an Artinskian age [5]
Fishes
Orthacanthus
Xenacanthus
Ectosteorhachis
Dipnoa
Amphibians
Eryops
Trimerorhacis
Zatrachys
Diploceraspis
Acheloma
Synapsids
Edaphosaurus boanerges
Dimetrodon limbatus
Ophiacodon retroversus
Diadectomorpha
Diadectes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Berryhill, Henry L. Jr.; Swanson, Vernon E. (1962). "Geological Survey research 1962; Short papers in geology and hydrology". U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-C: 43–46. https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0450c/report.pdf. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ↑ Wayne Martin, Bernard Henniger (1965). "The Hockingport and Waynesburg Sandstones (Pennsylvanian and Permian) of the Dunkard Group: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin 49. doi:10.1306/a66335b4-16c0-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/a66335b4-16c0-11d7-8645000102c1865d.
- ↑ M. A. Rendina, Wayne D. Martin (1985). "Provenance of Selected Sandstones and Mud Rocks of Dunkard Group (Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian) in Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin 69. doi:10.1306/94885417-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/94885417-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d.
- ↑ Haq, Bilal U.; Schutter, Stephen R. (2008-10-03). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science 322 (5898): 64–68. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. ISSN 0036-8075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1161648.
- ↑ Lucas, Spencer https://www.academia.edu/143288150/Vertebrate_biostratigraphy_and_biochronology_of_the_upper_Paleozoic_Dunkard_Group.
Template:Chronostratigraphy of Ohio
Template:Chronostratigraphy of Pennsylvania
Template:Chronostratigraphy of West Virginia
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