Engineering:Aermacchi AL-60

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LASA-60 / AL-60 / C4M Kudu
Macchi AL60B2 D-EOZW Worms 06.06.75 edited-2.jpg
Operational Aermacchi AL-60B-2 registered in Germany
Role Utility aircraft
Manufacturer Lockheed Corporation
Designer Al Mooney
Built by Lockheed-Azcarate
Aermacchi
Atlas Aircraft Corporation
First flight 15 September 1959[1]
Status Retired
Primary users Mexican Air Force
South African Air Force
Produced 1974-1979 South Africa
Number built ~180
Variants Northwest Ranger
Lockheed-Azacárate LASA 60

The Aermacchi AL-60 is a light civil utility aircraft of the late 1950s and early 1960s, originally designed by Al Mooney of Lockheed in the United States. After the company decided not to build the aircraft in the US, it was manufactured in small quantities in Mexico, and a few were assembled in Argentina (Santa Isabel, Córdoba) by Aviones Lockheed-Kaiser Argentina. It was also built in quantity under licence by Aermacchi in Italy[2] and Atlas Aircraft Corporation in South Africa.

Design and development

In the late 1950s, the American aircraft designer Al Mooney, who had recently joined Lockheed after leaving the company that bore his name, was given the task of designing a utility aircraft, the CL-402, suitable for use in underdeveloped countries. As Lockheed could not build the design at an economic price in the United States, it was instead intended for the aircraft to be built under licence outside the United States, where labour costs were lower.[3][4] The first prototype CL-402, powered by a 250 hp (190 kW) Continental IO-470-G engine, flew for the first time at Lockheed's Marietta, Georgia on 15 September 1959, with a second prototype, powered by a turbocharged TSIO-470-B engine rated at 260 hp (190 kW) followed a few months later.[3][5]

The initial production deal was made with Mexico, where a joint venture, Lockheed-Azcarate SA (LASA) was set up to build the CL-402 as the LASA-60, with a factory being built near San Luis Potosí.[4] Type certification by the US Federal Aviation Administration was received on 5 April 1960.[6] While it was planned that 240 aircraft would be built by LASA by 1963, the type was less popular than hoped, with LASA stopping production in April 1962.[7] LASA built 41 LASA-60s, with 18 aircraft purchased by the Mexican Air Force .[6]

A second joint venture was set up with Argentina, between Lockheed and Industrias Kaiser Argentina, with the name Aviones Lockheed-Kaiser.[6][8] Production began of a batch of 16 aircraft in 1961, but was stopped after 11 had been completed.[6]

In Italy, Aermacchi purchased a licence to produce the type, first in its original configuration as the AL-60B, then in a modified version for various African customers as the AL-60C. This latter version changed from the original tricycle undercarriage to a taildragger arrangement.

The AL-60C version was built under license by Atlas Aircraft Corporation in South Africa . This aircraft was known as Atlas C4M Kudu. Over 40 aircraft were built and served the South African Air Force between 1974 and 1991.

A number of C4M Kudu aircraft are still flying privately and have proven well in the role of skydive release aircraft. They have been re-engined with turbine engines. This design is known as the Atlas Angel or Turbine Kudu.[9][10]

In 1968 Macchi sold the rights to the aircraft to Northwest Industries of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and the design was developed into the Northwest Ranger, with development continuing until 1972.[11]

Variants

Kaiser-built L-402 at Don Torcuato near Buenos Aires in 1972
An Atlas C4M Kudu at the South African Air Force Museum
L-402
Lockheed prototypes and a few assembled by Kaizer
LASA-60
Mexican production model (44 built)
AL-60B-1 Santa Maria
Original Aermacchi-built version (4 built)
AL-60B-2 Santa Mari
Production Aermacchi version (81 built)
AL-60C-5 Conestoga
Aermacchi-built version for the Central African Republic
AL-60F-5 Trojan
Aermacchi-built version for Rhodesia (~10 units)
Atlas C4M Kudu
Atlas-built version for South Africa

Operators

 Central African Republic
 Italy
 Mexico
 Rhodesia
 South Africa
 Tunisia
 Zimbabwe

Specifications (AL-60B2)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67[14]

General characteristics

  • Crew: One
  • Capacity: 6-8 passengers / 602 kg (1,327 lb) max. payload
  • Length: 8.79 m (28 ft 10 in)
  • Wingspan: 11.84 m (38 ft 10 in)
  • Height: 3.25 m (10 ft 8 in)
  • Wing area: 19.54 m2 (210.3 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 7.2:1
  • Airfoil: root: NACA 23016; tip: NACA 4412
  • Empty weight: 998 kg (2,200 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 1,746 kg (3,849 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 322 L (85 US gal; 71 imp gal) in six wing tanks
  • Powerplant: 1 × Continental TSIO-470-B-A1A 6-cylinder air-cooled horizontally-opposed piston engine, 190 kW (260 hp)
  • Propellers: 3-bladed constant speed propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 238 km/h (148 mph, 129 kn) at sea level
270 km/h (170 mph; 150 kn) at 4,800 m (15,700 ft)
  • Cruise speed: 220 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn) maximum at 75% power
206 km/h (128 mph; 111 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft) at 63% power
  • Stall speed: 87 km/h (54 mph, 47 kn) flaps down
  • Never exceed speed: 283 km/h (176 mph, 153 kn)
  • Range: 885 km (550 mi, 478 nmi) with max. fuel
  • Service ceiling: 6,700 m (22,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 4.267 m/s (840.0 ft/min)
  • Take-off run: 189 m (620 ft)
  • Landing run: 183 m (600 ft)
  • Take-off run to 15 m (49 ft): 320 m (1,050 ft)
  • Landing run from 15 m (49 ft): 318 m (1,043 ft)

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

  • Cessna 185


References

Notes

  1. ↑ Taylor 1961, p. 272.
  2. ↑ "none". Flying: 8. December 1969. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Simpson 2023, p. 19
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Flores, Kuhn & Davis 2001, p. 51
  5. ↑ Flores, Kuhn & Davis 2001, pp. 51–52
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Simpson 2023, p. 20
  7. ↑ Flores, Kuhn & Davis 2001, p. 52
  8. ↑ Taylor 1961, p. 7.
  9. ↑ World Airnews - Kudu with a Turboprop - Birth of an Angel
  10. ↑ "Lockheed Atlas Angel Skydiving Aircraft". http://www.skydiveparys.co.za/about-skydiving-south-africa/aircraft/lockheed-atlas-angel/. 
  11. ↑ Plane and Pilot: 1978 Aircraft Directory, page 58. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. ISBN:0-918312-00-0
  12. ↑ "Italian Air Force". aeroflight. http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/italy/af/ital-af2-all-time.htm. 
  13. ↑ "Air Force of Zimbabwe Aircraft Types". http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/aa-africa/zim/af/zim-af-all-time.htm. 
  14. ↑ Taylor 1966, pp. 88–89.

Bibliography

  • Flores, Santiago A. (March–April 2001). "Station Wagon: LASA-60, a Mexican Dream Turned Sour". Air Enthusiast (92): 50–53. ISSN 0143-5450. 
  • Simpson, Rod (Spring 2023). "The Voyage of the Santa Maria". Air-Britain Aviation World: 19–23. ISSN 1742-996X. 
  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1961–62. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1961.
  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1966.

External links



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