Engineering:CASC Rainbow

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File:CH-4 UAV.jpeg
CH-4B UAV of Algerian Army

CASC Rainbow (Cai Hong, abbreviated as CH) is a series of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) developed by the China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics, an entity under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics is also known as the 11th Academy of CASC,[1] or 701st Research Institute.

Comparison

Comparison of Chinese military UAVs[2][3][4]
Variant Armaments Takeoff weight Maximum cruise speed Operational endurance
CH-1 No 220 kg 140 km/h 6 hours
CH-2 No 220 kg 160 km/h 8 hours
CH-3 Yes, 80 kg 650 kg 220 km/h 12 hours
CH-4 Yes, 345 kg 1330 kg 180 km/h 30 hours for recon / 12 hours for strike
CH-5 Yes, 1000 kg 3300 kg 220 km/h 60 hours for recon / 30 hours with 8 AR-1 missiles
GJ-1 (Wing Loong I) Yes, 200 kg 1100 kg 280 km/h 20 hours
GJ-2 (Wing Loong II) Yes, 480 kg 4200 kg 370 km/h 32 hours / 20 hours at max speed
Wing Loong-10 Yes, 400 kg 3200 kg 370 km/h 32 hours

Variants

CH-1

CH-1 is the first of the Rainbow (CH) series UAVs. The general designer was Mr. Shi Wen (石文), who is also the general designer of CH-2, the successor of CH-1, CASC PW-1, the derivative of CH-1, and CASC PW-2, the derivative of CH-2. The CH-1 program began in 2000, and its success resulted in the establishment of the UAV program that led to other designs that followed. The CH-1 is mainly intended for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.[5]

Specification:[6]

  • Wingspan (m): 4.4
  • Length (m): 3.75
  • Height (m): 0.87
  • Weight (kg): 40
  • Payload (kg): 4.5
  • Fuel (kg): 26
  • Max speed (km/h): 170
  • Cruise speed (km/h): 120 – 150
  • Normal radius (km): > 100
  • Normal operating altitude (km): 1 – 3
  • Ceiling (km): 4.6
  • Max range (km): 740 @ 1 km altitude and 124 km/h speed
  • Endurance (h): 6
  • Rate of climb (m/s): 4.3
  • Turn radius (m): 290
  • g overload: - 1.5 to 3
  • Launch: rocket assisted + catapult mounted on vehicle
  • Recovery: parachute
  • Max wind scale allowed for operation: 5

CH-2

CH-2 is the second of the Rainbow (CH) series UAVs and is a development of the earlier CH-1, with identical twin-boom layout. As for the CH-1, propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a pusher engine mounted at the rear end of the fuselage, and the UAV is launched via vehicle mounted catapult with rocketed assisted take-off.[7][8] The CH-2 is mainly intended for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.[5]

CH-3

CH-3 is a fixed wing unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) of the Rainbow series. The CH-3 adopts an unusual canard layout, similar to the Jetcruzer 450 and the Rutan VariEze. This means that the CH-3 lacks centrally located vertical tail, but has large winglets and canards. Propulsion is provided by a three-blade propeller driven by a pusher engine mounted on empennage. The main landing wheels of the tricycle landing gear has fairing to reduce drag.[9]

In January, 2015, a CH-3 drone was reported to have crashed in the north of Nigeria.[10] It is believed the drone was involved in Nigeria's struggle against the militant group, Boko Haram.[11] China supplied the CH-3 to Nigeria government prior to 2014, along with YC-200 guided bombs and AR-1 air-to-ground missile.[12] In February, 2016, Nigeria announced a successful drone strike in its ongoing war against Boko Haram.[13]

China delivered 12 CH-3 to Myanmar in 2014-2015 to fight rebels.[14] NESCOM Burraq is thought to be mostly influenced by CH-3.[15]

Specification:[9]

  • Wingspan (m): 8
  • Range (km): 960
  • Endurance (h): 12
  • Payload (kg): 60 – 80
  • Ceiling (km): 4

CH-3A

CH-3A is the development of CH-3 and share the identical layout. Improvement of CH-3A over CH-3 includes that the maximum payload is increased to more than 100 kg, and satellite data link is also incorporated. CH3A is a multipurpose UAV which can also carry AR 1 laser guided rocket for attacking role. It is also widely rumoured that Myanmar Air Force operates them, and some images have been found.

Specification:[16]

  • Payload (kg): 180 maximum
  • Endurance (h): 6 with maximum payload
  • Ceiling (Km): 4
  • Max Range (km): 960

CH-4

Externally, CH-4 looks almost identical to General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, and the only distinct visual difference between two UAVs is that the ventral fin below the V-tail on MQ-9 is absent on CH-4.[17][18][19] There are two versions, the CH-4A and CH-4B. The CH-4A is a reconnaissance drone (capable of a 3500–5000 km range and a 30- to 40-hour endurance) while the CH-4B is a mixed attack and reconnaissance system with provisions for 6 weapons and a payload of up to 250 to 345 kg.

CH-4 is capable of firing air-to-ground missile from altitude of 5,000 meters (~16,400 feet), therefore the aircraft can stay outside of effective range of most anti-aircraft guns. It also allows CH-4 to be able to fire from a position that provides wider viewing area.[20]

Vasiliy Kashin, a China specialist at Moscow's Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, said that The CH-4B UCAV has been exported to Myanmar[21][22],Pakistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Algeria and Iraq.[23][24] Myanmar is also producing CH-4 UAV under license with the transfer of technology.[25]

Iraq has received an unknown number of CH-4B in early 2015, spurred on battlefield reversals in Mosul and Ramadi to ISIL.[26]

Saqr-1 is thought to be mostly influenced by CH-4.[27]

Specification:[28]

  • Length: 8.5 m (28 ft)
  • Wing Span: 18 m (59 ft)
  • Max Take Off Weight: 1,300 kg (2,900 lb)
  • Payload: 345 kg (761 lb)
  • Endurance: 40 hours
  • Powerplant: 1 x 100 Hp engine
  • Maximum Speed: 235 knots (435 km/h)
  • Cruise Speed: 180 knots (330 km/h)

CH-5

The CH-5 is the latest UCAV of the Rainbow series, with a wingspan of 21 metres, a payload of 1,000 kg, a maximum takeoff weight of over 3 tonnes, a service ceiling of 9 km, an endurance of up to 60 hours[29] and a range of 10,000 km. Thanks to shared data link it can cooperate with CH-3 and CH-4 drones. It conducted its maiden flight in August 2015[30][31] and its first airshow flight (in northern Hebei province) in July 2017.[29] The drone can carry 16 missiles at a single time. There were also plans to extend its range up to 20,000 km.[32] Chinese officials claimed the CH-5 Rainbow was similar in performance to the US MQ-9 Reaper and "may come in at less than half the price." Compared to the Garrett TPE331 turboprop engine mounted on the Reaper, CH-5 is equipped with an unidentified turbo-charged piston engine, with less than half the horsepower. This choice limits the maximum altitude of the CH-5 to 9 km compared to the 12–15 km of the Reaper, but it also extends CH-5's endurance to 60 hours compared to 14 hour of the Reaper's. Future blocks of CH-5 will be able to stay in the air for up to 120 hours.[33]

CH-7

The CH-7 is a stealthy flying wing UCAV similar to the X-47B, with a 22m wingspan and 10m length. It can fly at 920 km/h and at an altitude of 13,000m. Endurance is about 15 hours and its operational radius is 2000 kilometers.[34] It can carry antiradiation missiles and standoff weapons.[35][36][37] According to its chief designer, "the CH-7 can intercept radar electronic signals, and simultaneously detect, verify and monitor high-value targets, such as hostile command stations, missile launch sites and naval vessels". It is planned to make its maiden flight in 2019 and commence production in 2022.[34]

CH-10

The CH-10 is a tiltrotor UAV.[38]

CH-91

CH-91 is a fixed-wing UAV in twin-boom layout with inverted v-tail and a pair of skids as landing gear. Propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a pusher engine mounted at the rear end of the fuselage.[39][40] CH-91 is mainly intended for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.[5] It's also called as BZK-008.

CH-92

CH-92 is a fixed-wing UAV in conventional layout with V-tail and tricycle landing gear. Propulsion is provided by a propeller driven by a pusher engine mounted at the empennage. CH-92 is mainly intended for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.[5][41] CH-92A has two hardpoints for laser-guided missiles.

CH-802

CH-802 is a fixed wing micro air vehicle (MAV) in conventional layout with elevated high-wing configuration and V-tail. CH-802 has a cylindrical fuselage and propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a tractor brushless electric motor atop of the fuselage.[42][43] CH-803 is mainly intended for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.[5] CH-802 program begun in 2007 and was completed in 2008.

Specification:[44][45]

  • Wingspan (m): 3
  • Length (m): 1.8
  • Weight (kg): 6.5
  • Payload (kg): 1
  • Radius (km): 30
  • Normal operating altitude (km): 0.3 – 1
  • Normal radius (km): 30 – 50
  • Cruise speed (km/h): 60
  • Endurance (h): 2.5
  • Ceiling (km): 4
  • Launch: by hand

CH-803

CH-803 is a fixed-wing UAV with a cylindrical fuselage and canards, but without tailplane. Propulsion is provided by two-blade propeller driven by a tractor engine mounted in the nose. Another unique feature of CH-803 is that it adopts forward-swept wing.[44] CH-803 is mainly intended for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.[5] CH-803 program begun in 2008 and was completed in 2011.

Specification:[45]

  • Wingspan (m): 3
  • Length (m): 1.8
  • Weight (kg): 18
  • Payload (kg): 3.5
  • Radius (km): 30
  • Normal operating altitude (km): 0.5 – 1.5
  • Normal radius (km): 50 – 80
  • Cruise speed (km/h): 80 – 110
  • Endurance (h): 5
  • Ceiling (km): 3.5
  • Launch: catapult
  • Recovery: parachute

CH-901

CH-901 is a fixed-wing UAV in conventional layout with cylindrical fuselage and high-wing configuration. Propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a pusher engine mounted at the end of empennage.[46] CH-901 is designed as an UCAV.[5][47]

Operators

 Algeria
  • Algerian People's National Armed Forces: Acquired CH-3A and CH-4B for precision airstrike mission.[48]
 Egypt
 Ethiopia
  • Ethiopian National Defense Force: Acquired CH-4.[49]
 Indonesia
  • Indonesian Armed Forces: Acquired six (6) units CH-4 for precision airstrike mission.[50][51]
 Iraq
 Jordan
  • Jordanian Armed Forces: Acquired CH-4 for precision airstrike mission.[49]
 Myanmar
  • Myanmar Air Force : Acquired CH-3A and CH-4 for all weather precision airstrike mission. Myanmar is also producing CH-4 with the transfer of technology under license.[55][49][56][57]
 Nigeria
 Pakistan
  • Pakistani Armed Forces: Acquired 50 of CH-4 in 2020.[58]
 Saudi Arabia
  • Royal Saudi Land Force: A license to produce CH series was granted to Saudi Arabia in 2017.[59][60]
 Serbia
 Turkmenistan
 UAE
 Zambia
  • Zambian Defence Force: bought CH-4 for reconnaissance and airstrike mission.[49]

See also

  • List of unmanned aerial vehicles of the People's Republic of China
  • CAIG Wing Loong

References

  1. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". August 21, 2014. http://today.hit.edu.cn/uploadfiles/2013/7-11/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2.pdf. 
  2. ↑ https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-04/21/content_24710359.htm
  3. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA1Szsicm-0
  4. ↑ https://chinapower.csis.org/china-drones-unmanned-technology/
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "Rainbow (CH) UAVs". http://military.people.com.cn/n/2012/1112/c1011-19555163.html. 
  6. ↑ "CH-1". http://www.htanwang.com/productview.aspx?id=30. 
  7. ↑ "CH-2". http://military.people.com.cn/GB/42967/10050115.html. 
  8. ↑ "中国无人攻击机曝光 亚洲某国已大批购买_新闻滚动_大成网_腾讯网". http://cd.qq.com/a/20100701/003864.htm. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "CH 3 & 3A". http://bbs.tiexue.net/post2_3164141_1.html. 
  10. ↑ "It Seems a Chinese Missile Drone Just Crashed in Nigeria". Medium. 28 January 2015. https://medium.com/war-is-boring/whose-drone-just-crashed-in-nigeria-c8c55bdf3476. 
  11. ↑ "Did An Armed Chinese-Made Drone Just Crash in Nigeria?". Popular Science. 28 January 2015. http://www.popsci.com/did-armed-chinese-made-drone-just-crash-nigeria. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "CH-3 fighting in Nigeria". http://www.airforceworld.com/blog/ch3-uav-drone-crashed-in-nigeria/. 
  13. ↑ "Watch Nigeria's First Confirmed Drone Strike". https://www.popsci.com/watch-nigerias-first-confirmed-drone-strike/. 
  14. ↑ "Myanmar armed forces use Chinese armed drones to fight rebels in the country | January 2020 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2020 | Archive News year". https://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2020_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/myanmar_armed_forces_use_chinese_armed_drones_to_fight_rebels_in_the_country.html. 
  15. ↑ "'Significant development': Pakistan deploys first homemade drone, kills three militants". 2015-09-07. https://www.timesofisrael.com/pakistani-armed-drone-kills-in-first-attack/. 
  16. ↑ "CH-3A". http://military.china.com/zh_cn/zh2010/video/news/11088457/20101118/16251181.html. 
  17. ↑ "Archived copy". http://military.people.com.cn/n/2012/1112/c1011-19555163-2.html. 
  18. ↑ "Red dawn: Communist China stepping up drone deployment,"The Washington Times, March 26, 2013
  19. ↑ "China's CH-4B Drone Looks Awfully Familiar to a U.S. Drone". Popular Mechanics. July 28, 2016. http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/a22101/chinas-ch-4b-drone-looks-awfully-familiar/. 
  20. ↑ "CH-4 firing from high altitude". AirForceWorld.com. http://www.airforceworld.com/blog/ch4-uav-drone-missile-attack-details/. 
  21. ↑ United Nations Human Right Office of the High Commissioner, OHCHR (August 2019). "Arms and Military Equipment Suppliers to the Tatmadaw". https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/FFM-Myanmar/EconomicInterestsMyanmarMilitary/Infographic2_Arms_and_Military_Equipment_Suppliers.pdf. 
  22. ↑ Weinberger (Foreign Policy), Sharon (10 May 2018). "China Has Already Won the Drone Wars". https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/05/10/china-trump-middle-east-drone-wars/. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "China Again Tries To Pierce Gulf Defense Market". 6 November 2015. http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/show-daily/dubai-air-show/2015/11/06/dubai-airshow-china-ucav-drone-market-fighter/74051236/. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "中国彩虹4B无人机在中东显威 专家却这样说" (in zh). http://club.mil.news.sohu.com/shilin/thread/3mb2owxcbz6. 
  25. ↑ United Nations Human Right Office of the High Commissioner, OHCHR (August 2019). "Arms and Military Equipment Suppliers to the Tatmadaw". https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/FFM-Myanmar/EconomicInterestsMyanmarMilitary/Infographic2_Arms_and_Military_Equipment_Suppliers.pdf. 
  26. ↑ "China helps Iraq military enter drone era". BBC. 12 October 2015. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34510126. 
  27. ↑ "Saudi Arabia's First Domestic Long-distance UAV Fires Only Chinese-made Missiles and Bombs". 2017-05-14. http://www.chinatopix.com/articles/114144/20170514/saudi-arabia-first-domestic-long-distance-uav-fires-chinese.htm. 
  28. ↑ "China May Have Executed Large Order for CH-4 Drones". https://www.defenseworld.net/news/26860/China_May_Have_Executed_Large_Order_for_CH_4_Drones#.X4vAq9tDYzQ. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Fullerton, Jamie (2017-07-18). "China's new CH-5 Rainbow drone leaves US Reaper 'in the dust'" (in en). The Times. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/world/chinas-new-ch-5-rainbow-drone-leaves-us-reaper-in-the-dust-lrs6mwb96. 
  30. ↑ "国产最大察打一体无人机"彩虹"5号首飞成功" (in zh). China. 2015-08-30. http://news.ifeng.com/a/20150830/44550011_0.shtml. 
  31. ↑ 杨洁. "Unmanned combat drone to be exported - China - Chinadaily.com.cn". http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-11/01/content_27233618.htm. 
  32. ↑ Lei, Zhao (2016-11-01). "Unmanned combat drone to be exported". http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2016-11/01/content_27240864.htm. 
  33. ↑ Mathew, Arun (2017-07-16). "Production variant of China's CH-5 drone completes trial flight". https://defpost.com/chinas-ch-5-drone-completes-trial-flight/. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Stealth drone about to hit world market - Chinadaily.com.cn". https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/06/WS5be0e888a310eff303286bac.html. 
  35. ↑ "China steps up drone race with stealth aircraft". November 10, 2018. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-steps-up-drone-race-with-stealth-aircraft. 
  36. ↑ M 🇮🇳, Anantha Krishnan (November 8, 2018). "Here's China's gen-next stealth combat aircraft #CH7 with a wingspan of 22-m and 10-m long. It has a cruise altitude of 10-13 km and is claimed to stay afloat for 15 hours. It can carry ARMs and long-distance PGMs. Maiden flight in 2019, says media reports. #avgeeks #Avgeekspic.twitter.com/vw88PtvfSy". https://twitter.com/writetake/status/1060779829803462656. 
  37. ↑ "Airshow China 2018: CASC reveals stealth UCAV development | Jane's 360". https://www.janes.com/article/84303/airshow-china-2018-casc-reveals-stealth-ucav-development. 
  38. ↑ "China reveals CH-10 tilt-rotor drone - Headlines, features, photo and videos from ecns.cn|china|news|chinanews|ecns|cns". http://www.ecns.cn/m/news/military/2018-11-01/detail-ifyzmsck5340099.shtml. 
  39. ↑ "CH-97". http://military.people.com.cn/n/2012/1112/c1011-19555163-7.html. 
  40. ↑ "实拍珠海航展:零距离接触中国无人机家族_图片频道_新华网". November 17, 2012. http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2012-11/15/c_123955248_5.htm. 
  41. ↑ "实拍珠海航展:零距离接触中国无人机家族_图片频道_新华网". November 18, 2012. http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2012-11/15/c_123955248_6.htm. 
  42. ↑ "CH-802 UAV". http://military.people.com.cn/n/2012/1112/c1011-19555163-8.html. 
  43. ↑ "实拍珠海航展:零距离接触中国无人机家族_图片频道_新华网". November 18, 2012. http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2012-11/15/c_123955248_7.htm. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "CH-802 & 803". http://bbs.tiexue.net/post_4622639_1.html. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "CH-802 and 803". http://www.htanwang.com/productview.aspx?id=29. 
  46. ↑ "CH-901". http://military.people.com.cn/n/2012/1112/c1011-19555163-9.html. 
  47. ↑ "实拍珠海航展:零距离接触中国无人机家族_图片频道_新华网". November 19, 2012. http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2012-11/15/c_123955248_8.htm. 
  48. ↑ "Algeria, Egypt unveil chinese uavs". https://www.defenceweb.co.za/aerospace/unmanned-aerial-vehicles/algeria-egypt-unveil-chinese-uavs/. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 "China Has Already Won the Drone Wars". Foreign Policy. 10 May 2018. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/05/10/china-trump-middle-east-drone-wars/. 
  50. ↑ https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesia-receives-first-batch-of-chinese-made-ar-2-missiles-for-its-ch-4-uavs
  51. ↑ Ridzwan Rahmat (7 October 2019). "Indonesia showcases CH-4 UAVs at military parade". Jane's Defense Weekly. https://www.janes.com/article/91729/indonesia-showcases-ch-4-uavs-at-military-parade. 
  52. ↑ "Janes | Latest defence and security news". https://www.janes.com/defence-news. 
  53. ↑ "Rainbow UAV gives Iraq new spectrum abilities". Flight International: 21. 20 October 2015. 
  54. ↑ "CH-4 drone in Iraq – The Diplomat". https://thediplomat.com/tag/ch-4-drone-in-iraq/. 
  55. ↑ United Nations Human Right Office of the High Commissioner, OHCHR (August 2019). "Arms and Military Equipment Suppliers to the Tatmadaw". https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/FFM-Myanmar/EconomicInterestsMyanmarMilitary/Infographic2_Arms_and_Military_Equipment_Suppliers.pdf. 
  56. ↑ Ankit panda (2016-06-09). "Is Myanmar Using Armed Chinese Drones For Counterinsurgency?". https://thediplomat.com/2016/06/is-myanmar-using-armed-chinese-drones-for-counterinsurgency/. 
  57. ↑ "Myanmar armed forces use Chinese armed drones to fight rebels in the country | January 2020 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2020 | Archive News year". https://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2020_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/myanmar_armed_forces_use_chinese_armed_drones_to_fight_rebels_in_the_country.html. 
  58. ↑ "Pakistan to enhance military strength by procuring latest Cai Hong-4 armed drones from China". 18 August 2020. https://therealkashmir.com/pakistan-to-enhance-military-strength-by-procuring-latest-cai-hong-4-armed-drones-from-china/. 
  59. ↑ Binnie, Jeremy. "Saudi Arabia to build Chinese UAVs" (23 March 2017). http://www.janes.com/article/68975/saudi-arabia-to-build-chinese-uavs. 
  60. ↑ Hawser, Anita. "China will build armed UAVs in Saudi Arabia, which is looking beyond the west for weapons." (3 April 2017). https://www.defenceprocurementinternational.com/news/air/china-to-build-uav-factory-in-saudi-arabia. 
  61. ↑ Banković, Živojin. "[VIDEO Na Batajnici prikazane kineske izviđačko-borbene bespilotne letelice CH-92A, kupljeno 6 letelica sa 18 raketa"] (4 July 2020). https://tangosix.rs/2020/04/07/video-na-batajnici-prikazane-kineske-izvidjacko-borbene-bespilotne-letelice-ch-92a-kupljeno-6-letelica-sa-18-raketa/. 
  62. ↑ "Military parade reveals Turkmenistan's new Chinese-built UAVs | IHS Jane's 360". November 2, 2016. http://www.janes.com/article/65098/military-parade-reveals-turkmenistan-s-new-chinese-built-uavs. 

External links

https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-04/21/content_24710359.htm - Article detailing the CH family development




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