Engineering:Guizhou JL-9

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Short description: Chinese Advanced trainer & light attack aircraft
JL-9
FTC-2000G.jpg
Role Advanced jet trainer

Light combat aircraft

Manufacturer Guizhou Aviation Industry Import/Export Company (GAIEC)
Designer Aero Engine Research Institute of Guizhou Aviation Industry Corporation
First flight 13 December 2003
Status In service
Primary user People's Liberation Army Air Force
Developed from Chengdu JJ-7

The Guizhou JL-9, also known as the FTC-2000 Mountain Eagle (Chinese: 山鹰; pinyin: Shānyīng), is a family of two-seat supersonic advanced jet trainer and light combat aircraft developed by the Guizhou Aviation Industry Import/Export Company (GAIEC) for the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) and the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF).[1]

Development

The FTC-2000 started as a GAIEC private venture to develop an inexpensive trainer for fourth generation aircraft. The trainer was revealed at the 2001 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition.[2] The aircraft are reported to be produced at a GAIC assembly line in Anshun, Guizhou.[3]

The FTC-2000, as the JL-9, competed with the Hongdu JL-10 to meet the advanced trainer requirements of the PLAAF and PLANAF. The JL-10 is more technologically advanced, but also more expensive, than the JL-9. In 2013, both had entered production.[4]

A carrier-landing trainer variant was revealed by Chinese state media in 2011.[4] Designated the JL-9G, it has strengthened undercarriage, enlarged wing and diverterless supersonic inlets, but has proved to be unsuitable for arrested landings and is limited to land-based operations.[5]

On 5 September 2018, Chinese state-run Xinhua News Agency reported that GAIC had begun mass production of the FTC-2000G variant.[6] On 28 September, it was reported that the first mass-produced FTC-2000G performed its maiden flight.[7][8] In April 2020, China reported that an unnamed South-East Asian country had placed an order for the FTC-2000G, with deliveries expected between 2021 and 2023.[9] Later it was confirmed that Myanmar had ordered those jets.[10]

Design

A FTC-2000 at Zhuhai airshow 2016

The FTC-2000 is developed from the JJ-7/FT-7, the two seat trainer version of the Chengdu J-7; the Chengdu J-7 is a Chinese variant of the MiG-21. The FTC-2000 uses a new wing, a forward fuselage with side air intakes, and a glass cockpit; the engine, empennage, and mechanical controls of the JJ-7/FT-7 are retained.[2]

Operational history

thumb|A PLAAF JL-9 releasing flare In 2014, the PLANAF had a regiment of JL-9s.[11] However, it was not until October 18, 2015, that the PLAAF started using the JL-9 for training purposes.[12]

In April 2023, the Rapid Support Forces of Sudan launched an attack on Merowe Air Base, destroying one Sudanese FTC-2000 while capturing the base.[13] Satellite imagery has revealed that three more FTC-2000s were present at the base at the time.[13]

On January 16, 2024, a Myanmar Air Force FTC-2000G was shot down by a Kachin Independence Army FN-6 missile in Shan State. Both pilots were killed.[14]

Variants

  • FTC-2000: Original model and export designation.
  • FTC-2000G: The FTC-2000G is a dual seat light combat aircraft/lead-in fighter trainer.[15] It is one of the cheapest light fighters on the market with the aim to replace old legacy fighters like the J-7/F-7 and Mig-21. It has 7 hardpoints.[16][better source needed] It also features a diverterless supersonic inlet.[17] It made its first flight in September 2018.[18] Compared to the FTC-2000 trainer variant, the FTC-2000G is heavier,[16] has a maximum speed of only Mach 1.2[15] due to a new wing design,[17][19] and has less endurance[16] than the FTC-2000. The aircraft can carry a maximum of 3 tons of weaponry.[15]
  • JL-9: Initial PLA variant.
  • JL-9G: PLANAF carrier-trainer variant.[20] It is a modified JL-9 for aircraft carrier training. It is designed for ski-jump ramp takeoffs and simulated arrested landings (land-based).[21] and includes a tailhook.[21]

Operators

Specifications (FTC-2000)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2010-11 [1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 14.555 m (47 ft 9 in) excluding nose-probe
  • Wingspan: 8.32 m (27 ft 4 in)
  • Height: 4.105 m (13 ft 6 in)
  • Wing area: 26.15 m2 (281.5 sq ft)
  • Gross weight: 7,800 kg (17,196 lb) clean
7,900 kg (17,417 lb) normal
  • Max takeoff weight: 9,800 kg (21,605 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) internal + up to 1,302 kg (2,870 lb) in external tanks
  • Powerplant: 1 × Guizhou Liyang WP-13F (C) afterburning turbojet, 43.15 kN (9,700 lbf) thrust dry, 63.25 kN (14,220 lbf) with afterburner
    (1 × WP-14C Kunlun-3 for FTC-2000G, 53.89 kN (12,110 lbf) thrust dry and 76.53 kN (17,200 lbf) with afterburner.)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 1,100 km/h (680 mph, 590 kn) / M1.05
  • Unstick and touchdown speed: 260 km/h (160 mph; 140 kn)
  • Minimum flying speed: 210 km/h (130 mph; 110 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 870 km/h (540 mph, 470 kn) [19]
  • Stall speed: 125 km/h (78 mph, 67 kn) [19]
  • Range: 863 km (536 mi, 466 nmi) on internal fuel
  • Ferry range: 2,400 km (1,500 mi, 1,300 nmi) with maximum internal and external fuel
  • Endurance: 3 hours
  • Service ceiling: 16,000 m (52,000 ft)
  • g limits: +8 -3
  • Rate of climb: 150 m/s (30,000 ft/min) at sea level
  • Wing loading: 374.8 kg/m2 (76.8 lb/sq ft)
  • Thrust/weight: 0.00645 kN/kg (0.658 lbf/lb)
  • Take-off run: 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft)
  • Landing run: 700 m (2,300 ft)

Armament

  • Guns: 1x 23mm cannon[12]
  • Hardpoints: 5 with a capacity of 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) maximum,with provisions to carry combinations of:
    • Other: up to 3 x fuel tanks[12]
  • Missiles:
    • Short range air-to-air missile
      • 2x PL-8 AAMs (on inboard pylons)
      • 2x PL-9 AAMs (on outboard pylons)
    • Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles
      • SD-10 (Only on FTC-2000G)[15]
    • Anti-radiation missiles
      • CM-102 (Only on FTC-2000G)[15]

Avionics

  • Pulse Doppler radar
  • comms
  • IFF
  • Transponder
  • EFIS
  • HOTAS
  • GPS / INS

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jackson, Paul, ed (2010). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2010-11 (101st ed.). London: Jane's Information Group. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-0-7106-2916-6. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fisher, Richard D. Jr (18 June 2015). "Paris Air Show 2015: China close to first FTC-2000 supersonic trainer sale in Africa". http://www.janes.com/article/52403/paris-air-show-2015-china-close-to-first-ftc-2000-supersonic-trainer-sale-in-africa. 
  3. ↑ Grevatt, Jon (June 6, 2017). "China promotes FTC-2000 trainer for export". Jane's Information Group. http://www.janes.com/article/71156/china-promotes-ftc-2000-trainer-for-export. "Commenting on the development, the State Administration of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND) – the agency responsible for Chinese defence industrial development – said the aircraft represented the first export aircraft produced at GAIC's assembly line in city of Anshun in Guizhou province." 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Caffrey, Craig (2013). Aiming high: China's air ambitions (Report). Jane's Information Group. p. 5. http://www.janes360.com/images/assets/976/30976/China_aircraft_capabilities_1.pdf. Retrieved 29 July 2016. 
  5. ↑ Rupprecht, Andreas (March 2018). "China: Naval Aviation Training". Air International: 46–49. ISSN 0306-5634. 
  6. ↑ Dominguez, Gabriel (6 September 2018). "China begins series-producing FTC-2000G aircraft". London. https://www.janes.com/article/82827/china-begins-series-producing-ftc-2000g-aircraft. 
  7. ↑ Waldron, Greg (1 October 2018). "FTC-2000G conducts maiden flight". Singapore. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ftc-2000g-conducts-maiden-flight-452310/. 
  8. ↑ Dominguez, Gabriel (28 September 2018). "China's first series-produced FTC-2000G makes maiden flight". https://www.janes.com/article/83426/china-s-first-series-produced-ftc-2000g-makes-maiden-flight. 
  9. ↑ Waldron, Greg (20 April 2020). "AVIC FTC-2000G snags first export order". https://www.flightglobal.com/avic-ftc-2000g-snags-first-export-order/137964.article. 
  10. ↑ Irrawaddy, The (2022-12-05). "Myanmar Junta Takes Delivery of FTC-2000G Fighter Jets from China" (in en-US). https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-junta-takes-delivery-of-ftc-2000g-fighter-jets-from-china.html. 
  11. ↑ International Institute for Strategic Studies (2014). Hacket, James. ed. The Military Balance 2014. Oxfordshire: Routledge. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-85743-722-5. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Waldron, Greg (29 October 2015). "Chinese cadets start using JL-9 advanced jet trainer". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/chinese-cadets-start-using-jl-9-advanced-jet-traine-418335/. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Rogoway, Sim Tack, Tyler (2023-04-17). "Egyptian MiG-29s Destroyed In Sudan" (in en). https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/egyptian-mig-29s-destroyed-in-sudan. 
  14. ↑ "ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 349973" (in EN). 17 January 2024. https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/349973. .
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 "Is Cambodia the Mystery Buyer of China's FTC-2000G Trainer/Fighter Jet?". https://www.defenseworld.net/news/26786/Is_Cambodia_the_Mystery_Buyer_of_China_s_FTC_2000G_Trainer_Fighter_Jet_#.X9_9iTTivDc. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 wminnick (20 November 2012). "China's FTC-2000 Upgraded". Defense News. http://intercepts.defensenews.com/2012/11/chinas-ftc-2000-upgraded/. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "FTC-2000 G". Aviation Industry Corporation of China. http://www.avic.com/en/forbusiness/militaryaviationanddefense/trainers/394364.shtml. 
  18. ↑ "China's FTC-2000G fighter aircraft conducts maiden flight". Air Force Technology. October 2018. https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/chinas-ftc-2000g-aircraft-maiden-flight/. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 "FTC-2000". Aviation Industry Corporation of China. http://www.avic.com/en/forbusiness/militaryaviationanddefense/trainers/394364.shtml. 
  20. ↑ NEWS - Asia & Australasia, Air International, August 2011, p. 16.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 COVERT AFFAIR A. Mladenov, Air International, March 2013, p. 93
  22. ↑ The Military Balance 2021. International Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 255. 
  23. ↑ The Military Balance 2021. International Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 254. 
  24. ↑ "Myanmar Regime Buys FTC-2000G Fighter Jets From China" (in en-US). 2022-10-18. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-regime-buys-ftc-2000g-fighter-jets-from-china.html. 
  25. ↑ Beech, Anthony Davis (8 December 2022). "Myanmar Air Force inducts new FTC-2000Gs". Janes Defence. https://www.janes.com/amp/myanmar-air-force-inducts-new-ftc-2000gs/ZnlJK3dHVU9mZ28xajRJVkc5dVI5VFp1cVMwPQ2. 
  26. ↑ Binnie, Jeremy (16 May 2018). "Sudan's new FTC-2000 jets arrive". http://www.janes.com/article/80108/sudan-s-new-ftc-2000-jets-arrive. 



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