Engineering:Command module Columbia

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Short description: Command module used for Apollo 11


Columbia
Part of Apollo 11
Apollo 11 Columbia.png
Columbia on display at the National Air
and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
TypeReentry capsule
Named afterColumbiad
ManufacturerNorth American Aviation
Construction numberCM-107
Technical details
Landing mass10,873 lb (4,932 kg)[1]
Flight history
Launch dateJuly 16, 1969
Launch siteKennedy LC-39A
Owners and operatorsNASA
Landing dateJuly 24, 1969
Landing sitePacific Ocean
Total hours195
Apollo command modules

Command module Columbia (CM-107) is the spacecraft that served as the command module during Apollo 11, which was the first mission to land humans on the Moon. Columbia is the only spacecraft of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission that returned to Earth.[2][3]

The name Columbia was first suggested to Michael Collins by Julian Scheer, NASA assistant administrator of public affairs during the Apollo program. Scheer mentioned the name, in passing, in a phone conversation, saying "some of us up here have been kicking around Columbia." Collins initially thought it was "a bit pompous" but the name eventually stuck as he could not think of a better alternative and his crewmates Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong had no objections.[4] Collins was also influenced to accept the name because of its similarity to Columbiad, the name of the space gun in Jules Verne's 1865 science fiction novel From the Earth to the Moon.[5][6]

Following the mission and after a tour of U.S. cities,[7] Columbia was given to the Smithsonian Institution in 1971.[2] It was designated a "Milestone in Flight" and displayed prominently at National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., alongside the 1903 Wright Flyer.[8][9]

In July 2016, the Smithsonian released a 3D scan of Columbia produced by the Smithsonian's Digitization Program Office.[10][11] During the scanning process a number of places where the astronauts had written on the walls of the capsule were found.[10] These included a calendar and a warning about smelly waste on one of the lockers.[10]

To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing, the spacecraft traveled around the country on a tour to museums in Houston, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Seattle, and Cincinnati.[7]

In 2022, Columbia was taken off display as a part of the National Air and Space Museum's renovation. When the museum reopened in the fall of 2022 it became a centerpiece of their new Destination Moon exhibit.[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Selected Mission Weights". https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_18-37_Selected_Mission_Weights.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 National Air and Space Museum (March 20, 2016). "Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia" (in en). Smithsonian Institution. https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/command-module-apollo-11. 
  3. ↑ Craddock, R. A. (2003) (in en). Apollo 11 Box: Artifacts from the First Moon Landing. Chronicle Books. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8118-3734-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=1I2SAYnWh3YC. 
  4. ↑ Collins, Michael (2001) (in en). Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut's Journey. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 334–335. ISBN 978-0-8154-1028-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=-9pfwFpdtGwC&pg=PA334. 
  5. ↑ Lindsay, Hamish (2001) (in en). Tracking Apollo to the Moon. Springer. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-85233-212-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=wR5d7Fuixl4C&pg=PP24. 
  6. ↑ Collins (2001), p. 335.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 McEwan, Liz (September 24, 2019). "To the moon (and Cincinnati) and back" (in en). https://www.soapboxmedia.com/features/CMC-Destination-Moon.aspx. 
  8. ↑ Craddock (2003), p. 2.
  9. ↑ van der Linden, F. Robert (2016) (in en). Best of the National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian Institution. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-58834-581-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=ROgnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Pearlman, Robert Z. (12 February 2016). "Apollo 11 Crew Wrote on Moon Ship Walls, Smithsonian 3D Scan Reveals". Space.com. https://www.space.com/31917-apollo-11-crew-moon-ship-graffiti.html. 
  11. ↑ Weiner, Sophie (22 July 2016). "Take a 3D Tour Inside the Apollo 11 Command Module". Popular Mechanics. https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a22006/3d-tour-apollo-11/. 
  12. ↑ "Destination Moon". https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/destination-moon#:~:text=Destination%20Moon%2C%20scheduled%20to%20open,with%20what%20is%20happening%20now. 

Further reading



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