Engineering:Holy Sponge

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Short description: Instrument of the Passion of Jesus Christ
James Tissot's depiction. Here, the hyssop stick is used as a kind of straw, and "Stephaton" squeezes the sponge. (c. 1880, gouache over graphite on grey wove paper)

The Holy Sponge is one of the Instruments of the Passion of Jesus.[1] It was dipped in vinegar (Ancient Greek: ὄξος, romanized: oxos; in some translations sour wine), most likely posca,[2] a regular beverage of Roman soldiers,[3] and offered to Jesus to drink from during the Crucifixion,[2] according to Matthew 27:48,[4] Mark 15:36,[5] and John 19:29.[6]

History

Jerusalem

An object thought to be the Holy Sponge was venerated in the Holy Land, in the Upper Room of the Constantinian basilica, where Sophronius of Jerusalem spoke of it

Short description: Latin loanword meaning "approximately, around" 
CA|other uses of "Cca"|CCA (disambiguation)|CCA|other uses of "Circa"|Circa (disambiguation)}}Template:TWCleanup2Circa (from la 'around, about, roughly, approximately') – frequently abbreviated ca. or c. and less frequently circ., cca. or cc. – signifies "approximately" in several European languages and is used as a loanword in English, usually in reference to a date.[7] Circa is widely used in historical writing when the dates of events are not accurately known.

When used in date ranges, circa is applied before each approximate date, while dates without circa immediately preceding them are generally assumed to be known with certainty.

Examples

  • 1732–1799: Both years are known precisely.
  • c. 1732 – 1799: The beginning year is approximate; the end year is known precisely.
  • 1732 – c. 1799: The beginning year is known precisely; the end year is approximate.
  • c. 1732 – c. 1799: Both years are approximate.

See also

  • Floruit

References

  1. ↑ Manseau, Peter (April 11, 2009). "Faith, Proof and Relics". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123940218130209621. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Davis, C. Truman (4 November 2015). "A Physician's View of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ". The Christian Broadcasting Network. https://www1.cbn.com/medical-view-of-the-crucifixion-of-jesus-christ. 
  3. ↑ Wija, Tantri (September 18, 2019). "Oh, sure. Now it's trendy. But drinking vinegar was the taste that originally refreshed an ancient empire". The Seattle Times. https://www.seattletimes.com/pacific-nw-magazine/oh-sure-now-its-trendy-but-drinking-vinegar-was-the-taste-that-originally-refreshed-an-ancient-empire/. 
  4. ↑ Matthew 27:48
  5. ↑ Mark 15:36
  6. ↑ John 19:29
  7. ↑ "circa". Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/circa. 



And let me go rejoicing
to the splendid sanctuary, the place
where the noble Empress Helena
found the divine Wood;

and go up,
my heart overcome with awe,
and see the Upper Room,
the Reed, the Sponge, and the Lance.

Then may I gaze down
upon the fresh beauty of the Basilica
where choirs of monks
sing nightly songs of worship.

Rome

In the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano in Rome, a brown sponge is venerated. Other pieces of sponge are present at the following:

  • the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
  • the Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere
  • St. Mary in Campitelli[citation needed]

The Chapel of the Relics at Santa Croce in Gerusalemme houses another sponge:

Of all the churches in Rome, Santa Croce has one of the richest collections of relics. A special chapel was therefore built for them in 1930. A staircase to the left of the choir leads to this chapel, where one can see three pieces of the True Cross, one of its nails, a fragment of the INRI ("Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews") inscription, two thorns from Christ's crown of thorns, a piece of the sponge that was held up to him, one of the silver pieces paid to Judas, St Thomas's finger which touched the wounds of Christ, and the crossbar from the Good Thief's cross. The paving stones are said to have been laid on a substantial amount of earth from Golgotha.[1]

Constantinople and France

In the 7th century, Nicetas took part in the conquest of Egypt from Phocas. He was famed for bringing items he claimed were the Holy Sponge and the Holy Lance (the "Lance of Longinus") to Constantinople from Palestine in 612. From 619 to 628/9 he may anecdotally have been exarch of Africa.

Other claimants

Other parties also claiming access to the Holy Sponge include:[2]

  • the church of St. Jacques de Compiègne in France
  • Aachen's cathedral (Charlemagne's sample)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Knopf (1994). Guide to Rome. 
  2. ↑ "Exposition Relics of the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ". p. 13. https://www.nationalshrine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Passion-Relics-2019-April-01-small.pdf. 



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