Engineering:Hwasong-11D

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The Hwasong-11D[lower-alpha 1] (Korean: 《화성포-11라》형; lit. Mars Artillery Type 11D) is a North Korean single-stage, solid-fueled tactical ballistic missile. First revealed in April 2022 with a flight test, Hwasong-11D is the smaller version of Hwasong-11A (KN-23), with a smaller size and a shorter range. Hwasong-11D is reported to be entered mass production.

Description

Images of the Hwasong-11D
3-axle TEL
April 2026 test

Missile

Hwasong-11D is the smaller variant of Hwasong-11A,[1] designed to be capable of striking shorter range targets and cost-effective.[2] It is estimated to be 5.5 m (18 ft) long, 0.76 m (2 ft 6 in) wide and has a launch mass of nearly 3,000 kg (6,600 lb).[3] While Hwasong-11D is claimed to be the smallest short-range ballistic missile of North Korea,[4] its range, which is estimated to be 100–300 km (62–186 mi),[5] led the missile to be classified as a close-range ballistic missile (CRBM).[6] According to United Nations Security Council member nations, the Hwasong-11D also has a underwater-based version, a submarine-launched ballistic missile first tested on 19 October 2021, later known as Hwasong-11S.[7] Along with Hwasong-11B, it appears to be based on United States's ATACMS, with the North Korean missile having newer technology, longer range and more accuracy.[8]

It is assessed that Hwasong-11D could be a counterpart to the South Korean's KTSSM, especially the role. The launches were accompanied with a statement, associating them with the development of tactical nuclear weapons,[9] as well as the improvement of frontline long-range artillery units's firepower.[10] Hwasong-11D follows a near-ballistic trajectory, with approximately 50 km (31 mi) apogee. This low apogee, combined with its short flight time and terminal maneuverability, makes it difficult for traditional missile defense systems to detect and intercept. Moreover, the missile’s improved accuracy reduces the number of missiles required to attack the target.[11] Also, Hwasong-11D can have better survivability against missile defenses if the missile is equipped with smaller and lighter tactical nuclear warheads while retaining the Hwasong-11A's maneuverability, thus allowing it to threaten shorter range targets.[9]

Hwasong-11D is claimed to be capable of carrying a 500–700 kg (1,100–1,500 lb) payload, likely conventional, fragmentation, submunition,[3] or chemical.[6] It can also be armed with the Hwasan-31 tactical nuclear warhead.[12]

Assuming a weight of 1,500 kg (3,300 lb), it is possible that Hwasong-11D can be carried by Korean People's Army Air Force's Harbin H-5/Ilyushin Il-28 after necessary modifications.[13]

According to German analyst Norbert Brügge, Hwasong-11D is a derivative from KN-25 and Hwasong-11/OTR-21 Tochka. He evaluates the missile to be a type of multiple rocket launcher,[14] despite North Korean official claim of tactical ballistic missile.[15]

Launcher

Basic type

According to North Korea, the Hwasong-11D missile system, including the launcher, was personally designed by Kim Jong Un as a "new pivotal attack weapon" of North Korean forces.[5][16] The basic-type TEL is a 3-axle truck,[4] designed to combine mobility with instant firing.[17] It is estimated to be 8.5 m (28 ft) long and 3 m (9.8 ft) wide.[18] Each basic-type launcher can deploy up to four Hwasong-11D missiles.[11]

Modular type

During a military parade held on 10 October 2025, North Korea unveiled a modular three-axle launcher of Hwasong-11D.[19] A HIMARS-like vehicle,[20] it has two modules, each of which can carry a single Hwasong-11D missile, or multiple launch rockets of 122 mm and 240 mm diameters.[19] However, it is unlikely that the Hwasong-11D missiles carried by the modular-type launcher are nuclear-armed.[21]

Naming

North Korean state media refers to Hwasong-11D as Hwasongpho-11 Ra (《화성포-11라》형).[15] The Korean Central News Agency first mentioned Hwasong-11D directly in April 2026, although the official designation was revealed by them through photo evidence in March 2023, during its coverage on the Hwasan-31 tactical nuclear warhead.[22] The official designation can also be romanized as Hwasong-11La, Hwasong-11Ra or Hwasongpho-11D.[23][24] However, in its earlier launches, occurred between 2022 and 2024, the Hwasong-11D was called "tactical guided weapon" and later, "tactical ballistic missile", instead of its official designation.[25][26]

In April 2025, it was revealed that Hwasong-11D had been designated KN-35 by the US military under its naming convention.[22][27]

History

Hwasong-11D made its public debut on 16 April 2022 with a flight test.[28][29] Nine days later, on 25 April 2022, North Korea displayed Hwasong-11D during a military parade.[4]

Further test-fires of Hwasong-11D occurred on 2 November 2022 and on 9 March 2023.[30][31] Between these test-fires, North Korea displayed Hwasong-11D during a military parade on 8 February 2023.[32]

It was reported at the third test launch of Hwasong-11D that the missile had already received an undisclosed official designation.[33] In late-March 2023, the official name of Hwasong-11D was confirmed in the Korean Central News Agency's report on the new Hwasan-31 nuclear warhead,[34] although a partial and blurred name was only displayed.[35]

Hwasong-11D made two further appearances in 2024: a test flight occurred on 17 May and a ceremony of transferring 250 launchers to frontline military units on 4 August.[26][36] According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), as of 2026, North Korea is possessing 250 Hwasong-11D launchers.[37]: 277 

A further test of Hwasong-11D occurred on 19 April 2026.[38] This time, the Korean Central News Agency mentioned Hwasong-11D directly for the first time,Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

Confirmed tests

Attempt Date (Pyongyang Standard Time) Location Number of missiles tested Outcome Additional notes References
1 16 April 2022 Chakto-dong, Hungnam, Hamhung, South Hamgyong Province 2 Success South Korea detected the launch around 2 p.m., with the missiles being fired with a 21-minute interval between launches. It flew for 60 seconds and achieved 25 km (16 mi) apogee, 110 km (68 mi) range and a maximum speed of Mach 4 (4,900 km/h; 3,045 mph). Kim Jong Un oversaw the launch. [7][39][40]
2 2 November 2022 Chongju, North Pyongan Province 2 Success On 7 November 2022, North Korea released photos of missile launches from 2 to 5 November, including images of a Hwasong-11D test-fire occurred on 2 November 2022. However, a photo from the April 2022 test was reused to refer to the November test. [22][30][41]
3 9 March 2023 Taesong Lake, South Pyongan Province 6 Success Images from North Korean state media showed the launch of six Hwasong-11D missiles, occurred during a fire assault drill conducted by the Hwasong artillery unit. These missiles hit a sea target, but the flight distance and altitude were unknown. Kim Jong Un attended the launch with his daughter. [31][42][43]
4 17 May 2024 Wonsan 1 (North Korea)
"Several" (South Korea) 		Success Kim Jong Un supervised the launch. According to North Korean state media, the missile employed a new autonomous navigation system. South Korean's Joint Chiefs of Staff detected the launch of several Hwasong-11D missiles, at 3:10 p.m. (local time). These missiles flew 300 km (190 mi) before landing in waters between South Korea and Japan. [44][45][46]
5 19 April 2026 Sinpo, South Hamgyong Province 5 Success South Korean military detected the launch of multiple ballistic missiles near Sinpo at 6:10 a.m. local time, and North Korean statement indicated the launch involved five upgraded Hwasong-11D missiles that travelled 136 km (85 mi). These missiles, equipped with cluster and fragmentation mine warheads, hit a target area of 12.5–13 ha (31–32 acres) with "very high density". Kim Jong Un oversaw the test with his daughter and senior military officials. [3][15][23]
6 26 May 2026 Chongju, North Pyongan Province 1 Success The Hwasong-11D missile, equipped with a "special mission" warhead, was launched along with 240 mm multiple launch rockets and tactical cruise missiles. It was fired from a lightweight, modular TEL first unveiled in October 2025. Kim Jong Un attended the test. [47][48]

Alleged tests

North Korea fired eight ballistic missiles from at least four different locations on 5 June 2022,[49] two of which might be Hwasong-11D as they flew at an extremely low altitude and travelled to a short distance.[7][22]

Another alleged test of Hwasong-11D occurred in March 2025,[6] in which multiple missiles were apparently launched toward Yellow Sea on the 10th.[50]

Operational use

Mass production of launchers

According to NK News, a factory in Pyongsong is one of the facilities assembling Hwasong-11D launchers, with the production activities of TELs starting from at least November 2023.[51]

A total number of at least 154 Hwasong-11D launchers were spotted by North Korean state media in the two reports published in January and May 2024.[51] The first one, published on 10 January 2024, showed at least 45 Hwasong-11D TELs during Kim Jong Un's inspection to unnamed missile launcher factories on 8 and 9 January 2024. According to the report, the factories have "deployed new weapon types and equipment to the first-line large combined units and major missile units", suggesting Hwasong-11D is operational.[52][53] Four months later, images from a similar state media report indicated around 99 Hwasong-11D launchers being inspected by Kim Jong Un during a visit to another unnamed factory on 14 May 2024.[54][55][56]

Deployment

Given its short range and low altitude recorded during testing, if Hwasong-11D become deployed, these missiles will target South Korea.[57]

In 2023, North Korea replaced Hwasong-6 (Scud-C) operation with the deployment of Hwasong-11D at the Majang-ri missile base, according to Decker Eveleth's analysis for NK News in August 2024.[58]

North Korea held a ceremony to send 250 Hwasong-11D launchers to the frontline military units at the Inter-Korean border on 4 August 2024. The ceremony took place in Pyongyang and was attended by Kim Jong Un.[59][60][61]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ For other names, see § Naming.

References

  1. ↑ Xu, Tianran (8 August 2023). "Brief on 27 July 2023 Parade of the DPRK". p. 6. https://opennuclear.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/Xu-Brief%20on%2027%20July%202023%20Parade%20of%20the%20DPRK-8%20Aug%202023_1.pdf. 
  2. ↑ Jo, Jang-won (2026-04-27). "[Sejong Focus Assessment of North Korea's Missile Development Trends: January through April 2026"]. https://sejong.org/web/boad/22/egoread.php?bd=24&itm=&txt=&pg=1&seq=12915. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Đào Cảnh (2026-04-20). "Tên lửa Hwasong-11 Ra công nghệ đạn chùm, vũ khí ‘rải thảm’ đầy uy lực mới của Triều Tiên". https://vietnamnet.vn/ten-lua-hwasong-11-ra-dan-chum-vu-khi-rai-tham-day-uy-luc-moi-cua-trieu-tien-2508142.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Overview of the DPRK's 25 April 2022 Military Parade". 2 May 2022. p. 18. https://opennuclear.org/sites/default/files/2022-05/25%20April%202022%20DPRK%20parade_0_0.pdf. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bhardwaj, Abhishek (5 August 2024). "North Korea deploys 250 nuclear-capable missile launchers near South Korea". https://interestingengineering.com/military/north-korea-ballistic-missile-launcher. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Weichert, Brandon J. (2025-04-16). "North Korea’s New Close-Range Ballistic Missile Could Be a Game Changer". https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/north-koreas-new-close-range-ballistic-missile-could-be-a-game-changer. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "S/2022/668". United Nations. 7 September 2022. pp. 24, 29-30, 143. https://docs.un.org/en/S/2022/668. 
  8. ↑ "Kho tên lửa Triều Tiên: từ Hwasong-20 đến KN-25". Nghe An Newspaper and Radio, Television. 2025-11-29. https://baonghean.vn/kho-ten-lua-trieu-tien-tu-hwasong-20-den-kn-25-10313023.html. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Van Diepen, Vann H. (25 April 2022). "North Korea's New Short-Range Ballistic Missile". https://www.38north.org/2022/04/north-koreas-new-short-range-ballistic-missile/. 
  10. ↑ "DPRK Military Parade Viewbook 2022". 2022-04-21. p. 14. https://opennuclear.org/sites/default/files/2022-04/DPRK%20Parade%20ViewBook%2020220421.pptx_.pdf. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Quỳnh Như (17 May 2024). "Triều Tiên tăng cường sản xuất tên lửa đạn đạo". https://tienphong.vn/trieu-tien-tang-cuong-san-xuat-ten-lua-dan-dao-post1637929.tpo. 
  12. ↑ Yang, Uk (29 June 2023). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". https://www.asaninst.org/bbs/board.php?bo_table=s1_1&wr_id=397. 
  13. ↑ Tianran, Xu (21 September 2023). "Nuclearization of the KPAN: Expansion of the DPRK's Sea-Based Nuclear Capabilities". https://opennuclear.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/Xu-Nuclearization%20of%20the%20KPAN-Expansion%20of%20the%20DPRKs%20Sea-Based%20Nuclear-21%20Sep%202023%20Capabilities.pdf. "The DPRK has developed a small aero-ballistic missile referred to as the Hwasong-11Ra [Hwasong-11D]. Assuming that the Hwasong-11Ra has a weight comparable to that of its ROK counterpart, the KTSSM (1.5 tons), it may be possible for the Harbin H-5/Il-28 of the KPAF to carry at least one Hwasong-11Ra after necessary modifications [...]" 
  14. ↑ Brügge, Norbert. "Pukguksong MLRS". Norbert Brügge. https://b14643.eu/Spacerockets/Specials/Pukguksong_MLRS/index.htm. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "DPRK Missile Administration Test-fires Tactical Ballistic Missiles". 2026-04-20. http://kcna.kp/en/article/q/aa541a4be49df857315330bd6e542208.kcmsf. 
  16. ↑ McCartney, Micah (26 August 2024). "North Korea Missile Launchers Pose Fresh Threat". https://www.newsweek.com/north-korea-missile-launchers-fresh-threat-1944359. 
  17. ↑ Huỳnh Dũng (2026-04-21). "Triều Tiên thử nghiệm 5 tên lửa đạn đạo Hwasong-11 mang đầu đạn chùm, sức mạnh ra sao?". https://danviet.vn/trieu-tien-thu-nghiem-5-ten-lua-dan-dao-hwasong-11-mang-dau-dan-chum-suc-manh-ra-sao-d1420325.html. 
  18. ↑ Laws, Jasmine (13 August 2024). "North Korea Satellite Images Show Huge Weapons Factory: Report". https://www.newsweek.com/north-korea-satellite-images-reportedly-show-weapons-factory-1938582. "The launchers are believed to be designed for Hwasong-11D short-range ballistic missiles (SRBM) because they measure around 8.5 meters in length and 3 meters in width [...]" 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Zwirko, Colin (10 October 2025). "North Korea showcases new long-range nukes at rain-soaked military parade". https://www.nknews.org/2025/10/north-korea-showcases-long-range-nukes-at-rain-soaked-military-parade/. "Photos show North Korea also unvelied a new three-axle missile launch vehicle with two interchangeable modules, which can each hold a single Hwasong-11D short-range ballistic missile (SRBM), a nine-tube 240mm MLRS or a shorter canister for 122mm rockets." 
  20. ↑ Hoàng Vũ (14 October 2025). "HIMARS phiên bản Triều Tiên xuất hiện tại Bình Nhưỡng". https://1thegioi.vn/himars-phien-ban-trieu-tien-xuat-hien-tai-binh-nhuong-238822.html. 
  21. ↑ Van Diepen, Vann H. (4 November 2025). "It Is Autumn in North Korea, and the Missiles Are Changing. Are They Past Peak?". https://www.38north.org/2025/11/it-is-autumn-in-north-korea-and-the-missiles-are-changing-are-they-past-peak/. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Yoshinaga, Kenji (2026-04-24). "Analysis on the Strategic Significance Observed in the Test Launch of the Tactical Ballistic Missile Hwasong-11 Ra (KN-35)" (in en). DEEP DIVE General Incorporated Association. https://deepdive.or.jp/en/reports/viewer/?id=266. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Shim, Kyu-seok (2026-04-20). "North Korean leader Kim oversaw test of missiles with cluster warheads". https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/north-korean-leader-kim-jong-un-oversaw-ballistic-missile-tests-state-media-says-2026-04-19/. 
  24. ↑ JSF (4 April 2023). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/ceada2fe6fd0461ab527a25c9c8140f104bf9fb7. 
  25. ↑ "Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Observes Test-fire of New-type Tactical Guided Weapon". 17 April 2022. http://kcna.co.jp/item/2022/202204/news17/20220417-01ee.html. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "DPRK Missile Administration Conducts Test Fire of Tactical Ballistic Missile That Employs New Technology". 18 May 2024. http://www.minju.rep.kp/Home/index/disp/4364/en. 
  27. ↑ Lee, Geun-pyeong; Lee, Yu-jeong (2025-04-13). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25328185. 
  28. ↑ "S/2024/215". United Nations. 7 March 2024. p. 127. https://docs.un.org/en/S/2024/215. "The Hwasong 11Ra, also designated Hwasong 11D, is a smaller variant of the Hwasong 11Ga (KN-23). It was first seen when fired on 16 April 2022." 
  29. ↑ "N Korea tests new weapon that ‘will boost nuclear capabilities’". 2022-04-17. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/17/n-korea-tests-new-weapon-that-will-enhance-nuclear-capability. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "S/2023/171". United Nations. 7 March 2023. p. 182. https://docs.un.org/en/S/2023/171. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "The CNS North Korea Missile Test Database". 2024-11-12. https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/cns-north-korea-missile-test-database/. 
  32. ↑ Van Diepen, Vann H. (15 February 2023). "North Korea's Feb. 8 Parade Highlights ICBMs and Tactical Nukes". https://www.38north.org/2023/02/north-koreas-feb-8-parade-highlights-icbms-and-tactical-nukes/. 
  33. ↑ JSF (10 March 2023). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ja). https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/044f2f8810d583c967db7827d1fc6cc2f6d4da39. "新型小型短距離弾道ミサイルは火星砲の名称が与えられているようですが、型番はまだ発表されていません。 [The new small, short-range ballistic missile appears to receive the Hwasongpho designation, but the number has not yet been announced.]" 
  34. ↑ Lee, Jae-yoon (20 April 2026). "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". https://www.yna.co.kr/view/GYH20260420000400044. 
  35. ↑ Zwirko, Colin (3 April 2023). "North Korea reveals internal names for several missile systems: Analysis". in Derr, Arius. NK News. https://www.nknews.org/pro/north-korea-reveals-internal-names-for-several-missile-systems-analysis/. 
  36. ↑ "Commissioning Ceremony of Ultimate Weaponry Demonstrating Sure Victory of Cause of Building Powerful Army – Ceremony for Celebrating Transfer and Receiving of New-Type Tactical Ballistic Missile System Takes Place with Splendour". 5 August 2024. http://www.minju.rep.kp/Home/index/disp/4882/en. 
  37. ↑ International Institute for Strategic Studies (24 February 2026). The Military Balance 2026 (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1041314240. 
  38. ↑ Thế giới tối 20/4 [World news 20 April (evening)]. Quảng Ngãi TV (in Tiếng Việt). Quang Ngai Newspaper and Radio, Television. 2026-04-20. Event occurs at 4:31–5:07. Retrieved 2026-05-19.
  39. ↑ "Triều Tiên thử nghiệm vũ khí dẫn đường chiến thuật mới". Thanh Hoa Newspaper and Radio, Television. 2022-04-17. https://truyenhinhthanhhoa.vn/trieu-tien-thu-nghiem-vu-khi-dan-duong-chien-thuat-moi-1808387342.htm. 
  40. ↑ "Triều Tiên thử vũ khí mới giúp tăng năng lực hạt nhân" (in vi). Bac Ninh Newspaper and Radio – Television. 2022-04-17. https://bacninhtv.vn/tin-tuc/76/126596/trieu-tien-thu-vu-khi-moi-giup-tang-nang-luc-hat-nhan. 
  41. ↑ Tianran, Xu; Furukawa, Katsuhisa; Bergne, Elin; Nitisa, Kristiana (11 November 2022). "Escalating Tensions on the Korean Peninsula". https://opennuclear.org/open-nuclear-network/publication/escalating-tensions-korean-peninsula. 
  42. ↑ "Ông Kim Jong-un lệnh quân đội sẵn sàng cho "chiến tranh thực sự"" (in vi). Bac Ninh Newspaper and Radio – Television. 2023-03-10. https://bacninhtv.vn/tin-tuc/76/143971/ong-kim-jong-un-lenh-quan-doi-san-sang-cho-chien-tranh-thuc-su. 
  43. ↑ "Triều Tiên tiến hành tập trận tấn công hỏa lực". Thai Binh Radio & Television Station. 2023-03-11. https://thaibinhtv.vn/news/39/81555/trieu-tien-tien-hanh-tap-tran-tan-cong-hoa-luc. 
  44. ↑ "North Korea confirms missile launch, Kim Jong Un vows bolstered nuclear force" (in en-US). 2024-05-18. https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240518-n-korea-confirms-missile-launch-vows-bolstered-nuclear-force. 
  45. ↑ Việt Toàn (2024-05-17). "Triều Tiên xác nhận phóng thử tên lửa đạn đạo". Ho Chi Minh City Radio and Television. https://htv.vn/trieu-tien-xac-nhan-phong-thu-ten-lua-dan-dao-222120580.htm. 
  46. ↑ Mahadzir, Dzirhan (2024-05-22). "North Korea Launches Ballistic Missile Following U.S. Air Force Drills" (in en-US). United States Naval Institute. https://news.usni.org/2024/05/22/north-korea-launches-ballistic-missile-following-u-s-air-force-drills. 
  47. ↑ "Defence Science Research Institutions of DPRK Conduct Tests of Major Weapons". 2026-05-27. http://kcna.kp/en/article/q/96fc8ead1915dc26503a77026923d2ef.kcmsf. 
  48. ↑ Zwirko, Colin (2026-05-27). "North Korea tests new modular missile launcher and ‘tactical cruise missiles’". https://www.nknews.org/2026/05/north-korea-tests-new-modular-missile-launcher-and-tactical-cruise-missiles/. 
  49. ↑ "‘Nắn gân nhau' bằng tên lửa trên bán đảo Triều Tiên" (in vi). Bac Ninh Newspaper and Radio – Television. 2022-06-06. https://bacninhtv.vn/tin-tuc/24/129003/nan-gan-nhau-bang-ten-lua-tren-ban-dao-trieu-tien. "Ngày 5-6, quân đội Hàn Quốc đã phát hiện Triều Tiên bắn 8 tên lửa tầm ngắn trong vòng 35 phút từ ít nhất 4 địa điểm khác nhau. [On 5 June, South Korean military detected North Korea had fired eight short-range missiles within 35 minutes from at least four different locations.]" 
  50. ↑ "Hàn Quốc nói Triều Tiên lại tiếp tục phóng tên lửa". Gia Lai Newspaper and Radio, Television. 2025-03-10. https://gialaitv.vn/han-quoc-noi-trieu-tien-lai-tiep-tuc-phong-ten-lua/. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Zwirko, Colin (2024-08-13). "North Korea secretly building missile launchers at obscure factory near capital". NK News. https://www.nknews.org/pro/north-korea-secretly-building-missile-launchers-at-obscure-factory-near-capital/. 
  52. ↑ Zwirko, Colin (10 January 2024). "Kim Jong Un visits missile launcher factory, demands 'flaws' in production fixed". https://www.nknews.org/2024/01/kim-jong-un-visits-missile-launcher-factory-demands-flaws-in-production-fixed/. 
  53. ↑ "Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Inspects Major Munitions Factories". 10 January 2024. http://www.minju.rep.kp/Home/index/disp/3582/en. 
  54. ↑ Uyên Phương (15 May 2024). "Ông Kim Jong Un thăm kho vũ khí, nói về quá trình chuẩn bị cho chiến tranh". https://tuoitre.vn/ong-kim-jong-un-tham-kho-vu-khi-noi-ve-qua-trinh-chuan-bi-cho-chien-tranh-20240515144038842.htm. 
  55. ↑ Van Diepen, Vann H. (29 May 2024). "North Korea Claims "Autonomous" Guidance and Big Deployments of Its New Small Solid SRBM". https://www.38north.org/2024/05/north-korea-claims-autonomous-guidance-and-big-deployments-of-its-new-small-solid-srbm/. 
  56. ↑ "Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Learns about Production of Major Weapons and Equipment". 15 May 2024. http://www.minju.rep.kp/Home/index/disp/4346/en. 
  57. ↑ Shin, Mitch (2022-04-18). "North Korea Tests Tactical Guided Weapon". https://thediplomat.com/2022/04/north-korea-tests-tactical-guided-weapon/. "Based on the short distance and low altitude of the missiles’ test flight, the North’s “new-type tactical guided weapon” – which is likely to be a smaller type of the KN-23 SRBM – will be used to target South Korea when deployed." 
  58. ↑ Eveleth, Decker (2024-08-12). "How North Korea’s tactical missile deployment aggravates risks of nuclear use". NK News. https://www.nknews.org/pro/how-north-koreas-tactical-missile-deployment-aggravates-risks-of-nuclear-use/. 
  59. ↑ Vahidoğlu, Əhəd (5 August 2024). "Şimali Koreya Ordusuna çox sayda “Hwasong-11D” raket kompleksi tədarük edilib" (in az). https://poliqon.az/simali-koreya-ordusuna-cox-sayda-hwasong-11d-raket-kompleksi-tedaruk-edilib/. 
  60. ↑ Valerio, Mike; Seo, Yoonjung; Lendon, Brad (4 August 2024). "North Korea claims it's sending 250 new missile launchers toward the South Korean border". https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/04/asia/north-korea-new-missile-launchers-border-intl-hnk/index.html. 
  61. ↑ "Bàn giao 250 bệ phóng tên lửa cho quân đội Triều Tiên". Hanoi Media Group. 2024-08-05. https://hanoionline.vn/ban-giao-250-be-phong-ten-lua-cho-quan-doi-trieu-tien-256419.htm. 

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