Engineering:Kounotori 9

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Kounotori 9
HTV-9 captured by the Canadarm2 on 25 May 2020
Mission typeISS resupply
OperatorJAXA
Mission duration91 days, 13 hours, 36 minutes
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftKounotori 9
Spacecraft typeH-II Transfer Vehicle
ManufacturerMitsubishi Heavy Industries
Launch mass16,500 kg (36,400 lb)[1]
Payload mass6,200 kg (13,700 lb)
DimensionsLength: 9.8 m (32 ft)
Diameter: 4.4 m (14 ft)
Start of mission
Launch date20 May 2020, 17:31:00 UTC[2]
RocketH-IIB, Flight 9
Launch siteTanegashima, LA-Y2
ContractorMitsubishi Heavy Industries
End of mission
DisposalDeorbited
Decay date20 August 2020, 07:07 UTC
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Inclination51.66°
Epoch20 May 2020
Berthing at ISS
Berthing portHarmony nadir
RMS capture25 May 2020, 12:13 UTC[3]
Berthing date25 May 2020, 14:46 UTC[3]
Unberthing date18 August 2020, 13:51 UTC
RMS release18 August 2020, 17:36 UTC
Time berthed84 days, 23 hours, 5 minutes
Cargo
Mass6,200 kg (13,700 lb)
Pressurised4,300 kg (9,500 lb)
Unpressurised1,900 kg (4,200 lb)
 

Kounotori 9 (Japanese: こうのとり9号機), also known as HTV-9 was the 9th and final flight of the H-II Transfer Vehicle, a robotic cargo spacecraft to resupply the International Space Station (ISS).[4][5] It was launched on 20 May 2020, at 17:31:00 UTC.[6] Kounotori 9 is the last HTV of the original model, with following missions replaced with the HTV-X.[4][7]

Spacecraft

Major difference from the previous Kounotori are:[8]

  • Camera assembly unit and Wireless LAN communication unit (WLD), described below.

Wireless LAN Demonstration

Wireless LAN Demonstration, or WLD (pronounced wild)[8] is an experiment that will be performed during Kounotori 9's flight. During the test, a video taken by Kounotori 9 will be broadcast in real time on board the space station, via a wireless LAN (WLAN) datalink.[9] The experiment will be conducting during Kounotori 9's approach, departure, and while berthed to the ISS.[10] For WLD, the spacecraft has a camera attached to its propulsion module, while a data processor and WLAN antenna is located at the Unpressurized Logistics Carrier's aperture.[8] The technology to be tested by WLD will enable ISS crews to monitor approaching vehicles during an autonomous docking.[11] According to JAXA, if successful this will be the first time for two spacecraft to communicate using WLAN during a rendezvous.[8]

Cargo

Kounotori 9 carried about 6,200 kilograms (13,700 lb) of cargo mass, consisting of 4,300 kilograms (9,500 lb) in the pressurized compartment and 1,900 kilograms (4,200 lb) in the unpressurized compartment.[8] In addition to food items and crew commodities, the pressurized compartment (Pressurized Logistics Carrier; PLC)'s cargo consists of:[8]

  • JAXA cargo:
    • Solid Combustion Experiment Module (SCEM)
    • Integrated Standard Imager for Microsatellites (iSIM), a commercial technology demonstration payload by Satlantis
    • Equipment for the space media business collaboration (Space Frontier Studio KIBO)
    • Confocal Space Microscopy (COSMIC)
  • NASA cargo:
    • EXPRESS Rack 11B (ER11B)
    • Tank for Water Storage System (WSS)
    • High-pressure nitrogen tank for Nitrogen Oxygen Recharge System (NORS)

Cargo in the unpressurized compartment (Unpressurized Logistics Carrier, ULC) was the Exposed Pallet (EP9) which carries the six lithium-ion batteries Orbital Replacement Units (ORUs) for replacing the ISS's existing nickel-hydrogen batteries. This was the last of the series of transportation of replacement batteries, following the previous Kounotori 6, Kounotori 7, and Kounotori 8.

On departure from ISS, Kounotori 9 was loaded with the Exposed Pallet of Kounotori 8 (EP8) carrying the replaced nickel-hydrogen batteries. It was left on ISS due to the missed extravehicular activity during the Kounotori 7 mission for the launch failure of Soyuz MS-10 in 2018. The Exposed Pallet of Kounotori 9 (EP9) was left on ISS, and subsequently, it was disposed of by jettisoning into orbit on 11 March 2021 using the Canadarm2, carrying old nickel-hydrogen batteries.[1][12]

The Exposed Pallet of Kounotori 9 (EP9) reentered to Earth atmosphere on 8 March 2024. An object from this cargo survived the reentry, damaged a house in Naples, Florida.[13][14]

Operations

Launch

Kounotori 9 in proximity of ISS to be captured by the Canadarm2

Kounotori 9 was launched aboard the ninth and final launch of H-IIB rocket on 20 May 2020, at 17:31:00 UTC.[2] The launch took place amid the COVID-19 pandemic, so that the usual launch viewing places were closed to spectators, and the local town offices requested not to visit for launch observation.[15]

After the successful launch, the Kounotori 9 arrived to the proximity of the International Space Station on 25 May 2020, and it was captured by Canadarm2 at 12:13 UTC.[16] It was mated to the Harmony's Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM). Berthing operation completed at 18:25 UTC.[17]

Operation while berthed to ISS

ISS crew opened the hatch of the Kounotori's PLC, and entered at 19:24 UTC.[18] Cargo transfer of the pressurized cargo by the crew began on 26 May 2020.[19]

Exposed Pallet (EP9), which carries lithium-ion batteries, was extracted from the ULC by the ground-operated Canadarm2 on 1 June 2020.[20] Then, Kounotori 8's Exposed Pallet (EP8), carrying old nickel-hydrogen batteries, was stowed into the ULC on 02:48 UTC, 2 June 2020.[21]

Departure and reentry to the Earth atmosphere

On 18 August 2020, Kounotori 9 was detached from Harmony's CBM by the Canadarm2, and it was released into orbit at 17:36 UTC. It was disposed by the destructive reentry to the Earth atmosphere at around 07:07 UTC, on 20 August 2020.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Japanese). Working Group on Space Development and Utilization, MEXT. 19 May 2020. https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20200519-mxt_uchukai01-000007357_1_1.pdf. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Launch Result of the H-II Transfer Vehicle KOUNOTORI9 aboard the H-IIB Vehicle No. 9". Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. 21 May 2020. https://www.mhi.com/notice/notice_200521.html. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Expedition 63". http://www.spacefacts.de/iss/english/exp_63.htm. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-07-11). "HTV 1, ..., 9 (Kounotori 1, ..., 9)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/htv.htm. 
  5. ↑ "HTV-Kounotori sets sail for the ISS". August 18, 2015. http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/08/htv-5-kounotori-launch-space-station/. 
  6. ↑ "Nasa launch announcement". NASA. 2020-05-12. https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1263161422189649925.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  7. ↑ Krebs, Gunter Dirk (2016-07-11). "HTV-X 1, 2, 3". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/htv-x.htm. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Japanese). JAXA. 14 May 2020. http://issstream.tksc.jaxa.jp/iss2/press/htv9_presskit_C.pdf. 
  9. ↑ "HTV9 Mission Timeline". JAXA. 2020-05-01. https://iss.jaxa.jp/en/htv/mission/htv-9/schedule/. 
  10. ↑ "2020年(令和2年)5月理事長定例記者会見" (in Japanese). JAXA. 2020-05-15. https://www.jaxa.jp/about/president/presslec/202005_j.html. 
  11. ↑ "ISS Daily Summary Report – 5/12/2020". NASA. 2020-05-12. https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2020/05/12/iss-daily-summary-report-5122020/.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. ↑ "ISS Daily Summary Report – 3/11/2021". NASA. 11 March 2021. https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2021/03/11/iss-daily-summary-report-3-11-2021/. 
  13. ↑ Clark, Stephen (2 April 2024). "Trash from the International Space Station may have hit a house in Florida". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/04/trash-from-the-international-space-station-may-have-hit-a-house-in-florida/. 
  14. ↑ Weatherbed, Jess (16 April 2024). "NASA confirms origin of space junk that crashed through Florida home". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2024/4/16/24131804/nasa-confirms-iss-space-station-junk-crashed-into-florida-home. 
  15. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Japanese). Jiji Press. 21 May 2020. https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2020052100176. 
  16. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Japanese). JAXA. 25 May 2020. https://iss.jaxa.jp/htv/mission/htv-9/news/capture.html. 
  17. ↑ "Successful berthing of the H-II Transfer Vehicle "KOUNOTORI9" (HTV9) to the International Space Station (ISS)". JAXA. 26 May 2020. https://global.jaxa.jp/press/2020/05/20200526-1_e.html. 
  18. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Japanese). JAXA. 26 May 2020. https://iss.jaxa.jp/htv/mission/htv-9/news/ingress.html. 
  19. ↑ Keeter, Bill (26 May 2020). "ISS Daily Summary Report – 5/26/2020". NASA. https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2020/05/26/iss-daily-summary-report-5262020/.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  20. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Japanese). JAXA. 1 June 2020. https://iss.jaxa.jp/htv/mission/htv-9/news/ep_0601.html. 
  21. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in Japanese). JAXA. 2 June 2020. https://iss.jaxa.jp/htv/mission/htv-9/news/ep_stowed.html. 



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