Engineering:LR89

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Short description: Liquid-fuel rocket engine (Atlas booster)
Rocketdyne LR89 at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum

The Rocketdyne LR89 was a liquid-fueled rocket engine developed in the 1950s by Rocketdyne, a division of North American Aviation. It was designed to serve as a booster engine the Atlas rocket family.[1][2][3][4] The LR89 was a liquid oxygen (LOX) and RP-1 (kerosene) engine.[5]

It was used in configurations where it worked alongside the LR105 sustainer engine to enhance thrust in the first stage of the Atlas, being jettisoned when the vehicle weight had been considerably reduced due to propellant consumption.[5][6]

Description

The LR89 was part of a family of engines that Rocketdyne developed to power the first American ICBMs and satellite launch vehicles.[7][8] It was a gas-generator cycle engine, in which a portion of the fuel and oxidizer is burned to drive a turbine, which powers the fuel pumps, and featured a hypergolic igniter.[9]

Versions

The LR89 engine underwent several upgrades throughout its operational life, resulting in multiple versions:[10][5][9][11][2][12]

Version Year Thrust (kN) Thrust (lbf) Specific impulse (s) Burn Time (s) Stage
XLR89-1[10] 1956 758.70 170,562.54 282 133 MA-1
XLR89-5[11] 1958 758.70 170,562.54 282 135 MA-2
LR89-5[2][5][9] 1960 822.50 184,905.35 290 120 MA-3
LR89-7[12] 1963 948.00 213,118.87 294 259 MA-5

Atlas stage

The LR89 powered the first Atlas stage, in different configurations:[13][5][14]

  • MA-1 (booster only): two XLR89-1 booster engines and two LR101 vernier engines. Used on Atlas A;[15]
  • MA-1: two XLR89-1 booster engines, an LR105-3 sustainer, and two LR101 vernier engines. Used on Atlas B and Atlas C missiles;
  • MA-2: two XLR89-5 booster engines, an LR105-5 sustainer, and two LR101 vernier engines. Used on Atlas D and Atlas LV-3B;[16]
  • MA-3: two LR89-5 booster engines, an LR105-5 sustainer, and two LR101 vernier engines. Used on Atlas E, Atlas F and Atlas E/F;[17]
  • MA-5: two LR89-7 booster engines, an LR105-5 sustainer, and two LR101 vernier engines. Used on Atlas SLV3, Atlas H, Atlas LV3C, Atlas G and Atlas I.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Rocket Engine Evolution". https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197695/rocket-engine-evolution/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Technical Manual: Rocket Engine, USAF Model LR89-NA-5 (Rocketdyne)" (in en). https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-archive-item/technical-manual-rocket-engine-usaf-model-lr89-na-5-rocketdyne/sova-nasm-2016-0008-ref65. 
  3. ↑ "LR-89 (Atlas Booster) Engine". http://heroicrelics.org/cosmosphere/engines-lr-89/index.html. 
  4. ↑ Sutton, George P.; Biblarz, Oscar (2016). Rocket Propulsion Elements (9th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "Rocket Propulsion Evolution:5 - Atlas Missile". https://www.enginehistory.org/Rockets/RPE05/RPE05.shtml. 
  6. ↑ "LR-89 (Atlas Booster) Rocket Engine Injector". http://heroicrelics.org/info/atlas/lr-89-injector.html. 
  7. ↑ Clark, Robert (2015-06-11). "The First Atlas Test Flights" (in en-US). https://www.drewexmachina.com/2015/06/11/first-atlas-tests/. 
  8. ↑ Walker, Chuck; Powell, Joel (2005). Atlas: The Ultimate Weapon. Apogee Books. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Wade, Mark (2019). "LR89-5". http://www.astronautix.com/l/lr89-5.html. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Wade, Mark (2019). "XLR89-1". http://www.astronautix.com/x/xlr89-1.html. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Wade, Mark (2019). "XLR89-5". http://www.astronautix.com/x/xlr89-5.html. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Wade, Mark (2019). "LR89-7". http://www.astronautix.com/l/lr89-7.html. 
  13. ↑ Krebs, Gunter D. (2024). "Atlas Family" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/atlas.htm. 
  14. ↑ "Atlas MA engine series". http://www.astronautix.com/a/atlasmaengineseries.html. 
  15. ↑ "Atlas A stage". http://www.astronautix.com/a/atlasastage.html. 
  16. ↑ "Atlas MA-2". http://www.astronautix.com/a/atlasma-2.html. 
  17. ↑ "Atlas MA-3". http://www.astronautix.com/a/atlasma-3.html. 



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