Engineering:Lada-class submarine

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Short description: Russian diesel electric patrol submarines

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Lada class, Russian designation Project 677 Lada (Russian: Лада, meaning "Lada", NATO reporting name St. Petersburg) is the class of diesel-electric attack submarine designed by the Russian Rubin Design Bureau. A program to develop a "fourth generation" diesel-electric submarine aimed to produce an improved version of the Project 636 with better acoustic signature, new combat systems and possibly air-independent propulsion. However, in 2019, Alexander Buzakov, the head of the Admiralty Shipyard, indicated that there were no plans to equip the Lada class with an air-independent propulsion system.[1][2] In July 2022, it was reported that efforts to produce an electrochemical generator capable of making hydrogen from a combination of diesel fuel and oxygen was resuming as the designers signed a new contract in 2019. This was scheduled to be completed by the mid-2020s.[3] In 2023, the decision was taken to decommission and scrap the lead ship of the class, the missing name due to the very high costs of modernizing the submarine.[4]

History

The lead boat of the class, named missing name, was launched in October 2004 and began sea trials in November 2005. The submarine was transferred to the Russian Navy in April 2010.[5]

Another two vessels were under construction at the Admiralty Shipyard[when?] with plans to launch four to six submarines by 2015. In 2009, the Russian Navy had set out a requirement for a total of eight St. Petersburg-class submarines.[6] Indonesia had indicated its interest in acquiring two St. Petersburg-class submarines, but the deal fell through before 2010 due to financing issues.[7]

In November 2011, the Russian Navy decided that this class of submarines would not be accepted into service, as the lead boat had fallen far short of requirements during tests.[8] The lead boat was retained as a test vessel to experiment with various systems. The construction of the remaining boats of the class was frozen.

On 27 July 2012, the Russian Navy commander-in-chief announced the resumption of the construction of the St. Petersburg-class submarines, having undergone extensive design changes. In 2013 and 2015, two further boats were re-laid and commissioning was expected in 2017 and 2018.[citation needed] On 20 September 2018, the first serial submarine of the class, B-586 Kronshtadt, was launched at the Admiralty Shipyards in St. Petersburg.[9]

In June 2017, the Russian Navy announced it planned to order two more Lada-class submarines,[10] and the build contract was signed in June 2019, during the International Military-Technical Forum «ARMY-2019».[11] One more sub was ordered in August 2020, during the International Military-Technical Forum «ARMY-2020»,[12][13] with some speculation that all six of the submarines currently on order, or alternatively up to six of the eventual total number of Lada-class boats, might eventually be deployed with the Baltic Fleet.[14]

In July 2025, Russian president Putin stated that at least nine submarines of the class would be built.[15]

Design

The project 677 St. Petersburg is a Russian diesel-electric submarine developed in the late 1990s. The submarine is designed for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, defense of naval bases, seashore and sea lanes, as well as for conducting reconnaissance. The class marks the first usage of a mono-hull design by the Russian navy for an attack submarine since the 1940s.

Displacement is 25% lower than that of its predecessor, the Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist., but its capabilities are greatly enhanced.[16] Top submerged speed is 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph), up from 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph)s for the Kilo class. The class is designed for an endurance of 45 days with a complement of 35.

The submarine is equipped with automated combat control system Litiy (meaning "Lithium").

A variant designated as the project 1650 Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. is offered as an export model.

Units

# Name Builders Laid down Launched Commissioned Decommissioned Fleet Status Notes
B-585 missing name Admiralty Shipyards 26 December 1997 28 October 2004 8 May 2010 5 February 2024[17] Northern[note 1] Decommissioned, to be scrapped[18][19][4] Prototype. Subsequent boats are heavily redesigned.
B-586 missing name 28 July 2005 20 September 2018[9] 31 January 2024[20] Northern[note 1][21][22] Active[23][24][25] Construction stopped due to multiple issues with B-585 Sankt Peterburg, resumed on 9 July 2013.
B-587 missing name 19 March 2015[26] 23 December 2022[27] 16 December 2025[28] Baltic[29][30][31] Active Laid down on 10 November 2006, re-laid in 2015 due to a redesign.
Vologda 12 June 2022[32] 2026[33] Northern[31] Under construction
Yaroslavl 12 June 2022[32] 2026[34] Northern[31] Under construction
TBA Northern Ordered[14] Pending as of 2025[33]

See also

Submarines of similar comparison

  • Type 212 submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and built for the German Navy, the Italian Navy and the Royal Norwegian Navy.
  • Type 214 submarine - A class of export-oriented diesel-electric attack-submarines, also developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by the Hellenic Navy, the Portuguese Navy, the Republic of Korea Navy and the Turkish Naval Forces.
  • Type 218SG submarine - A class of extensively-customised diesel-electric attack-submarines developed ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by the Republic of Singapore Navy.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A class of extensively-customised diesel-electric attack-submarines developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by Israel.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A unique class of diesel-electric attack-submarines developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently being built for Israel.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A class of export-oriented diesel-electric attack-submarines, jointly developed by Naval Group and Navantia and currently operated by the Chilean Navy, the Royal Malaysian Navy, the Indian Navy and the Brazilian Navy.
  • S-80 Plus submarine - A class of conventionally-powered attack-submarines, currently being built by Navantia for the Spanish Navy.
  • Blekinge-class submarine is a class of submarine developed by Kockums for the Swedish Navy
  • KSS-III submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack and ballistic missile submarines, built by Hanwha Ocean and HD Hyundai Heavy Industries and operated by the Republic of Korea Navy.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines, built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A class of diesel-electric attack submarines currently being built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
  • Type 039A submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines operated by the People's Liberation Army Navy (China) and being built for the navies of the Royal Thai Navy and the Pakistan Navy.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 A report in 2020 suggested that deployment might shift to the Baltic Fleet.[14]

References

  1. ↑ Archus, Dorian (December 17, 2019). "No Plans To Equip Russian Lada-Class Submarines With AIP-Constructor". https://navalnews.net/no-plans-to-equip-russian-lada-class-submarines-with-aip-constructor/. 
  2. ↑ "Analysis 1/2: Lada-class diesel-electric submarine of project 677 for Russian Navy". 10 October 2021. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/10820-analysis-1-2-lada-class-diesel-electric-submarine-of-project-677-for-russian-navy.html. 
  3. ↑ "Project 677 Kronstadt Assigned to Northern Fleet – SeaWaves Magazine". https://seawaves.com/?p=23597. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Russian Navy Lada-class submarine Sankt Peterburg to be decommissioned early". 19 April 2023. https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/russian-navy-lada-class-submarine-sankt-peterburg-to-be-decommissioned-early. 
  5. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 22 April 2010. http://arms-tass.su/?page=article&aid=83525&cid=44. Retrieved 2011-11-22. 
  6. ↑ "Russia's Lada sub trials to be completed in 2009". 6 November 2009. http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=7135. 
  7. ↑ Bitzinger, Richard A. (April 2010). "A New Arms Race? Explaining Recent Southeast Asian Military Acquisitions". Contemporary Southeast Asia (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) 32 (1): 53. 
  8. ↑ "ВМФ отказался от новейших подлодок проекта "Лада"" (in ru). 23 November 2011. http://izvestia.ru/news/507580. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Russia's second Lada-class submarine launched 13 years after construction start". September 20, 2018. https://navaltoday.com/2018/09/20/russias-second-lada-class-submarine-launched-13-years-after-construction-start/. 
  10. ↑ "Russian Navy to Order Two More Project 677 Lada-class Submarines". 29 June 2017. http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/june-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5335-russian-navy-to-order-two-more-project-677-lada-class-submarines.html. 
  11. ↑ "АО "Адмиралтейские Верфи" подписало контракт на строительство двух подводных лодок Проекта 677 "Лада"" [JSC Admiralty Shipyards signed a contract for the construction of two submarines of Project 677 "Lada"]. Admiralty Shipyard (Press release) (in русский). 28 June 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  12. ↑ "Russian Navy signs contract during Army 2020 forum for two more diesel submarines". August 25, 2020. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/august/8904-russian-navy-signs-contract-during-army-2020-forum-for-two-more-diesel-submarines.html. 
  13. ↑ "Минфин и "Роскосмос" вступили в публичные препирательства о сокращении расходов" (in ru). 25 August 2020. https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2020/08/25/837739-minfin-roskosmos?fbclid=IwAR1wRj83P7hMPQkB1TB26OALx0vCmO6ah71M2zHRFQgUoRQ2-cgMfaNlyfY. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Analysis: latest Russian Navy contracts offer development conclusions". 16 September 2020. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/8994-analysis-latest-russian-navy-contracts-offer-development-conclusions.html. 
  15. ↑ "The Russian Navy is expected to order the construction of three additional Lada-class conventional attack submarines". 29 July 2025. https://www.zona-militar.com/en/2025/07/29/the-russian-navy-is-expected-to-order-the-construction-of-three-additional-lada-class-conventional-attack-submarines/. Retrieved 12 November 2025. 
  16. ↑ "В ходе испытаний ДЭПЛ "Санкт-Петербург" показала характеристики на порядок выше, чем у проекта 636" (in ru). December 17, 2018. http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1217/150550152/detail.shtml. 
  17. ↑ "Головную подлодку проекта "Лада" "Санкт-Петербург" вывели из состава ВМФ" (in ru). 5 February 2024. https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/19900159. 
  18. ↑ "'Saint Petersburg' submarine launches cruise missile in Barents Sea". 17 November 2016. http://tass.com/defense/912993. Retrieved 29 November 2017. 
  19. ↑ "Project 677 lead submarine St. Petersburg passed all Russian Navy tests". 14 August 2017. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/august-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5473-project-677-lead-submarine-st-petersburg-passed-all-russian-navy-tests.html. Retrieved 29 November 2017. 
  20. ↑ Staalesen, Atle (31 January 2024). "Russia says its new submarine is ultra-silent". The Barents Observer. https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/security/russia-says-its-new-submarine-is-ultrasilent/117131. 
  21. ↑ "What They May Get, 2020" (in en). 2020-01-19. https://russiandefpolicy.blog/2020/01/19/what-they-may-get-2020/. 
  22. ↑ "Источник: Северный флот получит не менее четырех дизельных подлодок" (in ru). 14 April 2021. https://ria.ru/20210414/podlodka-1728261679.html. 
  23. ↑ "Russian Project 677 submarine Kronstadt starts sea trials". 20 December 2021. http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2021/december/11136-russian-project-677-submarine-kronstadt-starts-sea-trials.html. 
  24. ↑ "Analysis: St. Petersburg submarine expects upgrade for new arms trials - take 1". 23 April 2020. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/8309-analysis-st-petersburg-submarine-expects-upgrade-for-new-arms-trials-take-1.html. 
  25. ↑ "Испытания первой серийной "Лады" близки к завершению" (in ru). 2023-12-22. https://flotprom.ru/2023/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B815/. 
  26. ↑ (in ru). 27 February 2015. http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1796279. Retrieved 30 August 2015. 
  27. ↑ "В Петербурге состоялся торжественный спуск на воду подлодки "Великие Луки"" (in ru). 23 December 2022. https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/16672457. Retrieved 27 December 2022. 
  28. ↑ "New diesel-electric submarine delivered to Russian Navy". 16 December 2025. https://english.news.cn/europe/20251216/a8623faa3d9b463591d366f51ae7627d/c.html. Retrieved 16 December 2025. 
  29. ↑ Xavier, Will (18 December 2025). "Russian Navy's third Lada-class submarine commissioned into service". https://www.bairdmaritime.com/security/naval/naval-submersibles/russian-navys-third-lada-class-submarine-commissioned-into-service. 
  30. ↑ "The Russian Navy has finally commissioned into service the third of its new Lada-class attack submarines". 16 December 2025. https://www.zona-militar.com/en/2025/12/16/the-russian-navy-has-finally-commissioned-into-service-the-third-of-its-new-lada-class-attack-submarines/. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 "ВМФ получил дизель-электрическую подлодку проекта "Кронштадт"" (in ru). 31 January 2024. https://ria.ru/20240131/podlodka-1924546271.html. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "АО "Адмиралтейские Верфи" Заложило Две подводные лодки проекта 677 "Лада"" (in ru). 12 June 2022. http://www.admship.ru/press/news/ao-admiralteyskie-verfi-zalozhilo-dve-podvodnye-lodki-proekta-677-lada/. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Ciślak, Jarosław (3 February 2025). "Warshavianka Dance. Russian Conventional Submarine Maneuvers" (in pl). https://defence24.com/armed-forces/warshavianka-dance-russian-conventional-submarine-maneuvers. 
  34. ↑ "Строительство боевых кораблей основных классов для ВМФ России на 01.01.2022" (in ru). 1 January 2022. https://navy-korabel.livejournal.com/257030.html#cutid1. 

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