Engineering:Lada-class submarine

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Short description: Russian diesel electric patrol submarines
Lada–class profile
B-585 Sankt Peterburg
Class overview
NameLada class
BuildersAdmiralty Shipyard, Saint Petersburg
Operators Russian Navy
Preceded byKilo class
Succeeded by
Built1997–present
In service2010–present
Plannedc. 9[1] [2]
Building2
Completed3
Active2
Retired1
__1B0X_5H1P__class overview
General characteristics
TypeAttack submarine
Displacement
  • 2,700 long tons (2,743 t) submerged
  • 1,765 long tons (1,793 t) surfaced
Length72 m (236 ft 3 in); 67 m (219 ft 10 in) on waterline
Beam7.1 m (23 ft 4 in)
Draught6.5 m (21 ft 4 in)
Installed power2,700 hp (2,013 kW)
Propulsion
  • Electric propulsion motor on permanent magnets
  • Storage battery with increased service life
  • 1 shaft
Speed21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph) submerged *10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
Range7,500nm at 3 knots (13,800 km) submerged
Endurance45 days
Test depth300 m (984 ft)
Complement35 officers and men
Sensors &
processing systems		Litiy CICS
Armament
__1B0X_5H1P__characteristics

Lada class, Russian designation Project 677 Lada (Russian: Лада, meaning "Lada", NATO reporting name St. Petersburg) is the class of diesel-electric attack submarine designed by the Russian Rubin Design Bureau. A program to develop a "fourth generation" diesel-electric submarine aimed to produce an improved version of the Project 636 with better acoustic signature, new combat systems and possibly air-independent propulsion. However, in 2019, Alexander Buzakov, the head of the Admiralty Shipyard, indicated that there were no plans to equip the Lada class with an air-independent propulsion system.[4][5] In July 2022, it was reported that efforts to produce an electrochemical generator capable of making hydrogen from a combination of diesel fuel and oxygen was resuming as the designers signed a new contract in 2019. This was scheduled to be completed by the mid-2020s.[6] In 2023, the decision was taken to decommission and scrap the lead ship of the class, the Sankt Peterburg due to the very high costs of modernizing the submarine.[7]

History

The lead boat of the class, named Sankt Peterburg, was originally laid down in December 1997 alongside a second boat meant for export (Project 677E, apparently for India) that never got past initial construction and was very similar to the Project 677 boat.[8] The lead boat was launched in October 2004 and began sea trials in November 2005. The submarine was transferred to the Russian Navy in April 2010.[9]

Another two vessels were under construction at the Admiralty Shipyard[when?] with plans to launch four to six submarines by 2015. In 2009, the Russian Navy had set out a requirement for a total of eight St. Petersburg-class submarines.[10] Indonesia had indicated its interest in acquiring two St. Petersburg-class submarines, but the deal fell through before 2010 due to financing issues.[11]

In November 2011, the Russian Navy decided that this class of submarines would not be accepted into service, as the lead boat had fallen far short of requirements during tests.[12] The lead boat was retained as a test vessel to experiment with various systems. The construction of the remaining boats of the class was frozen.

On 27 July 2012, the Russian Navy commander-in-chief announced the resumption of the construction of the St. Petersburg-class submarines, having undergone extensive design changes. In 2013 and 2015, two further boats were re-laid and commissioning was expected in 2017 and 2018.[citation needed] On 20 September 2018, the first serial submarine of the class, B-586 Kronshtadt, was launched at the Admiralty Shipyards in St. Petersburg.[13]

In June 2017, the Russian Navy announced it planned to order two more Lada-class submarines,[14] and the build contract was signed in June 2019, during the International Military-Technical Forum «ARMY-2019».[15] One more sub was ordered in August 2020, during the International Military-Technical Forum «ARMY-2020»,[16][17] with some speculation that all six of the submarines currently on order, or alternatively up to six of the eventual total number of Lada-class boats, might eventually be deployed with the Baltic Fleet.[18]

In July 2025, Russian president Putin stated that at least nine submarines of the class would be built.[19]

Design

The project 677 St. Petersburg is a Russian diesel-electric submarine developed in the late 1990s. The submarine is designed for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, defense of naval bases, seashore and sea lanes, as well as for conducting reconnaissance. The class marks the first usage of a mono-hull design by the Russian navy for an attack submarine since the 1940s.

Displacement is 25% lower than that of its predecessor, the Kilo-class submarine, but its capabilities are greatly enhanced.[20] Top submerged speed is 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph), up from 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph)s for the Kilo class. The class is designed for an endurance of 45 days with a complement of 35.


A variant designated as the project 1650 Amur-class submarine is offered as an export model.

Units

# Name Builders Laid down Launched Commissioned Decommissioned Fleet Status Notes
B-585 Sankt Peterburg Admiralty Shipyards 26 December 1997 28 October 2004 8 May 2010 5 February 2024[21] Northern[note 1] Decommissioned, to be scrapped[22][23][7] Prototype. Subsequent boats are heavily redesigned.
B-586 Kronshtadt 28 July 2005 20 September 2018[13] 31 January 2024[24] Northern[note 1][25][26] Active[27][28][29] Construction stopped due to multiple issues with B-585 Sankt Peterburg, resumed on 9 July 2013.
B-587 Velikiye Luki 19 March 2015[30] 23 December 2022[31] 16 December 2025[32] Baltic[33][34][35] Active Laid down on 10 November 2006, re-laid in 2015 due to a redesign.
Vologda 12 June 2022[36] 2026[37] Northern[35] Under construction
Yaroslavl 12 June 2022[36] 2026[38] Northern[35] Under construction
TBA Northern Ordered[18] Pending as of 2025[37]

See also

Equivalent submarines of the same era

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 A report in 2020 suggested that deployment might shift to the Baltic Fleet.[18]

References

  1. ↑ "The Russian Navy is expected to order the construction of three additional Lada-class conventional attack submarines". 29 July 2025. https://www.zona-militar.com/en/2025/07/29/the-russian-navy-is-expected-to-order-the-construction-of-three-additional-lada-class-conventional-attack-submarines/. Retrieved 12 November 2025. 
  2. ↑ "Для ВМФ России планируется постройка 12 подводных лодок проекта 677" (in ru). 27 November 2018. https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3430481.html. Retrieved 1 December 2018. 
  3. ↑ "Photographic image of brochure" (JPG). https://pp.userapi.com/c836530/v836530819/57f35/ZqokO0NiOFE.jpg. Retrieved 29 November 2017. 
  4. ↑ Archus, Dorian (December 17, 2019). "No Plans To Equip Russian Lada-Class Submarines With AIP-Constructor". https://navalnews.net/no-plans-to-equip-russian-lada-class-submarines-with-aip-constructor/. 
  5. ↑ "Analysis 1/2: Lada-class diesel-electric submarine of project 677 for Russian Navy". 10 October 2021. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/10820-analysis-1-2-lada-class-diesel-electric-submarine-of-project-677-for-russian-navy.html. 
  6. ↑ "Project 677 Kronstadt Assigned to Northern Fleet – SeaWaves Magazine". https://seawaves.com/?p=23597. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Russian Navy Lada-class submarine Sankt Peterburg to be decommissioned early". 19 April 2023. https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/russian-navy-lada-class-submarine-sankt-peterburg-to-be-decommissioned-early. 
  8. ↑ Polnar, Norman; Moore, K.J. (2004) (in English). Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines, 1945–2001.. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books Inc. pp. 217-218. ISBN 1-57488-594-4. 
  9. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ru). 22 April 2010. http://arms-tass.su/?page=article&aid=83525&cid=44. Retrieved 2011-11-22. 
  10. ↑ "Russia's Lada sub trials to be completed in 2009". 6 November 2009. http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=7135. 
  11. ↑ Bitzinger, Richard A. (April 2010). "A New Arms Race? Explaining Recent Southeast Asian Military Acquisitions". Contemporary Southeast Asia (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) 32 (1): 53. 
  12. ↑ "ВМФ отказался от новейших подлодок проекта "Лада"" (in ru). 23 November 2011. http://izvestia.ru/news/507580. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Russia's second Lada-class submarine launched 13 years after construction start". September 20, 2018. https://navaltoday.com/2018/09/20/russias-second-lada-class-submarine-launched-13-years-after-construction-start/. 
  14. ↑ "Russian Navy to Order Two More Project 677 Lada-class Submarines". 29 June 2017. https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2017/russian-navy-to-order-two-more-project-677-lada-class-submarines. 
  15. ↑ "АО "Адмиралтейские Верфи" подписало контракт на строительство двух подводных лодок Проекта 677 "Лада"" [JSC Admiralty Shipyards signed a contract for the construction of two submarines of Project 677 "Lada"]. Admiralty Shipyard (Press release) (in русский). 28 June 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  16. ↑ "Russian Navy signs contract during Army 2020 forum for two more diesel submarines". August 25, 2020. https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2020/russian-navy-signs-contract-during-army-2020-forum-for-two-more-diesel-submarines. 
  17. ↑ "Минфин и "Роскосмос" вступили в публичные препирательства о сокращении расходов" (in ru). 25 August 2020. https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2020/08/25/837739-minfin-roskosmos?fbclid=IwAR1wRj83P7hMPQkB1TB26OALx0vCmO6ah71M2zHRFQgUoRQ2-cgMfaNlyfY. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "Analysis: latest Russian Navy contracts offer development conclusions". 16 September 2020. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/8994-analysis-latest-russian-navy-contracts-offer-development-conclusions.html. 
  19. ↑ "The Russian Navy is expected to order the construction of three additional Lada-class conventional attack submarines". 29 July 2025. https://www.zona-militar.com/en/2025/07/29/the-russian-navy-is-expected-to-order-the-construction-of-three-additional-lada-class-conventional-attack-submarines/. Retrieved 12 November 2025. 
  20. ↑ "В ходе испытаний ДЭПЛ "Санкт-Петербург" показала характеристики на порядок выше, чем у проекта 636" (in ru). December 17, 2018. http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1217/150550152/detail.shtml. 
  21. ↑ "Головную подлодку проекта "Лада" "Санкт-Петербург" вывели из состава ВМФ" (in ru). 5 February 2024. https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/19900159. 
  22. ↑ "'Saint Petersburg' submarine launches cruise missile in Barents Sea". 17 November 2016. http://tass.com/defense/912993. Retrieved 29 November 2017. 
  23. ↑ "Project 677 lead submarine St. Petersburg passed all Russian Navy tests". 14 August 2017. https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2017/project-677-lead-submarine-st-petersburg-passed-all-russian-navy-tests. 
  24. ↑ Staalesen, Atle (31 January 2024). "Russia says its new submarine is ultra-silent". The Barents Observer. https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/security/russia-says-its-new-submarine-is-ultrasilent/117131. 
  25. ↑ "What They May Get, 2020" (in en). 2020-01-19. https://russiandefpolicy.blog/2020/01/19/what-they-may-get-2020/. 
  26. ↑ "Источник: Северный флот получит не менее четырех дизельных подлодок" (in ru). 14 April 2021. https://ria.ru/20210414/podlodka-1728261679.html. 
  27. ↑ "Russian Project 677 submarine Kronstadt starts sea trials". 20 December 2021. https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2021/russian-project-677-submarine-kronstadt-starts-sea-trials. 
  28. ↑ "Analysis: St. Petersburg submarine expects upgrade for new arms trials - take 1". 23 April 2020. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/8309-analysis-st-petersburg-submarine-expects-upgrade-for-new-arms-trials-take-1.html. 
  29. ↑ "Испытания первой серийной "Лады" близки к завершению" (in ru). 2023-12-22. https://flotprom.ru/2023/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B815/. 
  30. ↑ (in ru). 27 February 2015. http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1796279. Retrieved 30 August 2015. 
  31. ↑ "В Петербурге состоялся торжественный спуск на воду подлодки "Великие Луки"" (in ru). 23 December 2022. https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/16672457. Retrieved 27 December 2022. 
  32. ↑ "New diesel-electric submarine delivered to Russian Navy". 16 December 2025. https://english.news.cn/europe/20251216/a8623faa3d9b463591d366f51ae7627d/c.html. Retrieved 16 December 2025. 
  33. ↑ Xavier, Will (18 December 2025). "Russian Navy's third Lada-class submarine commissioned into service". https://www.bairdmaritime.com/security/naval/naval-submersibles/russian-navys-third-lada-class-submarine-commissioned-into-service. 
  34. ↑ "The Russian Navy has finally commissioned into service the third of its new Lada-class attack submarines". 16 December 2025. https://www.zona-militar.com/en/2025/12/16/the-russian-navy-has-finally-commissioned-into-service-the-third-of-its-new-lada-class-attack-submarines/. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 "ВМФ получил дизель-электрическую подлодку проекта "Кронштадт"" (in ru). 31 January 2024. https://ria.ru/20240131/podlodka-1924546271.html. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "АО "Адмиралтейские Верфи" Заложило Две подводные лодки проекта 677 "Лада"" (in ru). 12 June 2022. http://www.admship.ru/press/news/ao-admiralteyskie-verfi-zalozhilo-dve-podvodnye-lodki-proekta-677-lada/. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Ciślak, Jarosław (3 February 2025). "Warshavianka Dance. Russian Conventional Submarine Maneuvers" (in pl). https://defence24.com/armed-forces/warshavianka-dance-russian-conventional-submarine-maneuvers. 
  38. ↑ "Строительство боевых кораблей основных классов для ВМФ России на 01.01.2022" (in ru). 1 January 2022. https://navy-korabel.livejournal.com/257030.html#cutid1. 

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