Engineering:List of best-selling game consoles

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Sony's PlayStation 2 is the best-selling game system overall with over 155 million units worldwide.[1]

A home video game console is a standardized computing device tailored for video gaming that requires a computer monitor or television set as an output.[2] Video game consoles usually[2] weigh between 2 and 9 pounds (1–4 kg) on average,[3] and their compact size allows them to be easily used in a variety of locations, making them portable.[3] Handheld controllers are commonly used as input devices. Video game consoles may use one or more data storage devices, such as hard disk drives, optical discs, and memory cards for downloaded content.[3] Dedicated consoles are a subset of game consoles that are only able to play built-in games.[4][5] Video game consoles in general are also described as "dedicated" in distinction from the more versatile personal computer and other consumer electronics.[6][7][8] Sanders Associates engineer Ralph H. Baer along with company employees Bill Harrison and Bill Rusch licensed their television gaming technology to contemporary major TV manufacturer Magnavox. This resulted in the 1972 release of the Magnavox Odyssey—the first commercially available video game console.[9]

A handheld game console is a lightweight device with a built-in screen, controls, speakers,[10] and has greater portability than a standard video game console.[3] It is capable of playing multiple games unlike tabletop and handheld electronic game devices. Tabletop and handheld electronic game devices of the 1970s and early 1980s are the precursors of handheld game consoles.[11] Mattel introduced the first handheld electronic game with the 1977 release of Auto Race.[12] Later, several companies—including Coleco and Milton Bradley—made their own single-game, lightweight tabletop or handheld electronic game devices.[13] The oldest handheld game console with interchangeable cartridges is the Milton Bradley Microvision from 1979.[14] Nintendo is credited with popularizing the handheld console concept with the Game Boy's release in 1989[11] and continued to dominate the handheld console market into the early 2000s.[15][16]

Best-selling game consoles

The Game Boy (combined with the Game Boy Color) was the first console to sell over 100 million units, selling 118.69 million units worldwide. It popularised the handheld gaming market.
The Nintendo DS product line are the best-selling handheld consoles, selling 154.02 million units worldwide. The majority of sales came from the DS Lite at 93.86 million units.[17]
The Nintendo Switch, the PlayStation 4, the original PlayStation and the Wii are the only other home consoles to join the PlayStation 2 in surpassing 100 million units sold.
The first popular home console, the Atari 2600 (1980 version pictured), was released in 1977.[18]
The Nintendo Entertainment System is the best-selling console of its time, selling 61.91 million units worldwide.[19] It revitalised the gaming industry in the United States following the video game market crash.

The following table contains video game consoles that have sold at least 1 million units worldwide either through to consumers or inside retail channels. Each console include sales from every iteration unless otherwise noted. The years correspond to when the home or handheld game console was first released (excluding test markets).

  # Background shading indicates consoles currently on the market.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Million-selling game consoles
Platform Type Firm Released[2] Units sold Ref.
PlayStation 2 Home Sony 2000 >155 million [note 1]
Nintendo DS Handheld Nintendo 2004 154.02 million [19]
Nintendo Switch # Hybrid Nintendo 2017 132.46 million [19][note 2]
Game Boy & Game Boy Color Handheld Nintendo 1989, 1998 118.69 million [19][note 3]
PlayStation 4 # Home Sony 2013 117.2 million [34]
PlayStation Home Sony 1994 102.49 million [35]
Wii Home Nintendo 2006 101.63 million [19]
PlayStation 3 Home Sony 2006 >87.4 million [note 1]
Xbox 360 Home Microsoft 2005 >84 million [note 4]
Game Boy Advance Handheld Nintendo 2001 81.51 million [19]
PlayStation Portable Handheld Sony 2004 80–82 million (estimate) [note 1]
Nintendo 3DS Handheld Nintendo 2011 75.94 million [19]
NES/Famicom Home Nintendo 1983 61.91 million [19]
Xbox One Home Microsoft 2013 ~58 million [43]
PlayStation 5 # Home Sony 2020 50 million [44]
SNES/Super Famicom Home Nintendo 1990 49.1 million [19]
Game & Watch Dedicated handheld Nintendo 1980 43.4 million [45]
Nintendo 64 Home Nintendo 1996 32.93 million [19]
Sega Genesis/Mega Drive Home Sega 1988 30.75 million [note 5]
Atari 2600 Home Atari 1977 30 million [49]
Xbox Home Microsoft 2001 24 million [50]
GameCube Home Nintendo 2001 21.74 million [19]
Xbox Series X/S # Home Microsoft 2020 ~21 million [51]
Quest 2 # VR headset Reality Labs / Meta 2020 ~20 million [52]
Wii U Home Nintendo 2012 13.56 million [19]
V.Smile & V.Motion Home VTech 2004 11 million [53]
PlayStation Vita Handheld Sony 2011 10–15 million (estimate) [note 1]
Master System Home Sega 1986 10–13 million [note 6]
Game Gear Handheld Sega 1990 10.62 million [46]
PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 Home NEC/Hudson Soft[note 7] 1987 10 million [60]
Sega Saturn Home Sega 1994 9.26 million [47]
Dreamcast Home Sega 1998 9.13 million [47][61][62][63]
Master System (Brazilian variants) Home Tectoy 1989 8 million [64]
Dendy (famiclone) Home Micro Genius 1992 6 million [65]
Super NES Classic Edition Dedicated Nintendo 2017 5.28 million [66]
Famicom Disk System Home console add-on Nintendo 1986 4.5 million [67]
Advanced Pico Beena Home Sega 2005 >4.1 million [68]
NES Classic Edition Dedicated Nintendo 2016 3.56 million [69][70]
WonderSwan Handheld Bandai 1999 3.5 million [note 8]
Sega Pico Home Sega 1993 >3.4 million [note 9]
Color TV-Game Dedicated Nintendo 1977 3 million [79][80]
Intellivision Home Mattel 1980 3 million [81]
Mega Drive (Brazilian variants) Home Tectoy 1990 3 million [82][83]
N-Gage Handheld Nokia 2003 3 million [84]
Mega-CD/Sega CD Home console add-on Sega 1991 2.24 million [46]
ColecoVision Home Coleco 1982 >2 million [note 10]
3DO Interactive Multiplayer Home The 3DO Company 1993 >2 million [88]
Neo Geo Pocket (+ Color) Handheld SNK 1999 2 million [89]
Magnavox Odyssey² Home Magnavox/Philips 1978 2 million [90]
Sega SG-1000 Home Sega 1983 2 million [91][92]
PC Engine CD-ROM² Home console add-on NEC 1988 1.92 million [93][94]
Atari 7800 Home Atari 1986 >1 million [note 11]
Atari Lynx Handheld Atari 1989 >1 million [note 12]
Philips CD-i Home Philips 1990 >1 million [note 13]
Telstar Dedicated Coleco 1976 >1 million [100][note 14]
Atari 5200 Home Atari 1982 1 million [102]
Pegasus (famiclone) Home Micro Genius 1991 1 million [103]
Oculus Quest VR headset Oculus 2019 317,000–1 million (estimate) [104][105]

>Final sales are greater than the reported figure. See notes.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Sony stopped reporting individual platform sales on a regular basis in 2012[20][21] but continues to do so sporadically.[22] PlayStation 2: 155 million units sold as of March 31, 2012.[23] It was discontinued worldwide on January 4, 2013.[24] PlayStation 3: Sony corporate data reports 87.4 million sold as of March 31, 2017.[23] PS3 shipments to Japanese retailers, the last country Sony was selling units to, ceased by May.[25] PlayStation Portable: 76.4 million units sold as of March 31, 2012.[23] A June 3, 2014 Associated Press report noted this was "the last time a tally was taken."[26] IGN's Evan Campbell reported on the same day around 80 million sold,[27] and Jordan Sirani reaffirmed Campbell's estimate 5 years later.[28] Shipments to North America ended in January 2014, and to Japan in June 2014; shipments to Europe ended during the latter part of the year.[26] IGN's Colin Moriarty reported in mid-November that 82 million PSPs were manufactured and shipped at the end of production.[29] PlayStation Vita: Third-party estimates range from 10–15 million.[30] Glixel stated in June 2017 that 15 million were sold,[31] while the Electronic Entertainment Design and Research suggests several million less by the end of 2015.[32] Production ceased in Japan in March 2019.[30]
  2. ↑ Including Nintendo Switch Lite units
  3. ↑ Nintendo only provided a combined sales total.[33] Before Game Boy Color's release in late-1998,[2] previous models sold 64.42 million units combined worldwide.[17]
  4. ↑ Microsoft announced in October 2015 that individual platform sales in their fiscal reports will no longer be disclosed. The company shifted focus to the amount of active users on Xbox Live as its "primary metric for [sic] success".[36] Monthly active Xbox Live users reached nearly 90 million by Q3 2020.[37] Xbox 360: Production ended in 2016; 84 million in total lifetime sales.[38] Xbox One: Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella unveiled at a December 3, 2014, shareholder presentation that 10 million units were sold.[39] Most third-party estimates put the total number of Xbox One units sold by the end of 2019 at "around 50 million".[40] Market data and analytics firm Ampere Analysis Insights estimated the Xbox One had sold 51 million units by Q2 2020.[41] Microsoft announced on July 17, 2020, that they would cease manufacturing the Xbox One S All-Digital Edition and Xbox One X, though production of the Xbox One S would continue.[42]
  5. ↑ 30.75 million sold by Sega worldwide as of March 1996,[46][47] not including sales of third-party licensed consoles from manufacturers such as Majesco Entertainment in the United States (which projected it would sell 1.5 million)[48] or Tec Toy in Brazil (listed separately).
  6. ↑ 10–13 million, not including Brazilian variants.[54][55] Screen Digest wrote in a 1995 publication that the Master System's active installed user base in Western Europe peaked at 6.25 million in 1993. Those countries that peaked are France at 1.6 million, the United Kingdom at 1.35 million, Germany at 700 thousand, Spain at 550 thousand, the Netherlands at 200 thousand, and other Western European countries at 1.4 million. However, Belgium peaked in 1991 with 600 thousand, and Italy in 1992 with 400 thousand. Thus it is estimated approximately 6.8 million units were purchased in this part of Europe.[56] 1 million were sold in Japan as of 1986.[57] 2 million were sold in the United States.[58] Not including sales of licensed Tectoy variants in Brazil (listed separately).
  7. ↑ Designed by Hudson and manufactured and marketed by NEC.[59]
  8. ↑ Bandai released three WonderSwan iterations.[71] A March 2003 Famitsu article reported the original (March 1999)[72] and color (December 2000)[72] versions sold approximately 3 million units combined,[73] while the SwanCrystal (July 2002)[71] sold over 200 thousand units.[73] Bandai announced the transition from hardware to third-party development in February 2003 due to declining sales and will supply software to the competitor's Game Boy Advance by March 2004.[74] Average weekly Famitsu sales during the transition were only a couple hundred units,[1] and the SwanCrystal went build to order starting in autumn 2003.[73] WonderSwan hardware designer Koto claimed over 3.5 million were sold.[75]
  9. ↑ Sega sold this amount as of April 2005.[76] Its successor launched on August 6, 2005.[77] Majesco re-manufactured and distributed the Pico in the United States starting at the end of 1999.[78]
  10. ↑ The ColecoVision reached 2 million units sold by the spring of 1984. Console quarterly sales dramatically decreased at this time, but it continued to sell modestly[85][86] with most inventory gone by October 1985.[87]
  11. ↑ Atari reported on June 1, 1988 that 7800 sold more than million units to date.[95] Production and support of the 7800 was officially discontiniued on January 1, 1992.
  12. ↑ The Wall Street Journal reported in November 1992 approximately 1 million were sold.[96] Around June 1994, Atari shifted its focus from the Lynx to its Jaguar console.[97]
  13. ↑ This Philips-reported figure was in The New York Times on September 15, 1994.[98] The CD-i was discontinued in 1998.[99]
  14. ↑ Coleco launched Telstar in 1976 and sold a million. Production and delivery issues, and dedicated consoles being replaced by electronic handheld games dramatically reduced sales in 1977. Over a million Telstars were scrapped in 1978, and it cost Coleco $22.3 million that year[86]—almost bankrupting the company.[101]

References

  1. ↑ GameCentral staff (June 27, 2013). "Xbox 360 beats Wii as the UK's best-selling console". Metro. http://metro.co.uk/2013/06/27/xbox-360-beats-wii-as-the-uks-best-selling-console-3858990/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lee, Robin (August 23, 2012). Peitz, Martin; Waldfogel, Joel. eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Digital Economy. Oxford University Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780195397840. https://books.google.com/books?id=GFm-5WuYfYAC. Retrieved December 29, 2013. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Shelly, Gary; Misty, Vermaat (February 25, 2010). Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World, Complete. Shelly Cashman. Contributing authors: Quasney, Jeffrey; Sebok, Susan; Freund, Steven. Cengage Learning. p. 24. ISBN 9781439079263. https://archive.org/details/discoveringcompu0000shel_w6n1/page/24. 
  4. ↑ Williams, Andrew (March 16, 2017). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design and Interaction (1st ed.). CRC Press. p. 69. ISBN 9781317503811. https://books.google.com/books?id=xLVdDgAAQBAJ. 
  5. ↑ Retro Rogue. "2004 Holiday Gift Guide Review - Atari Flashback Console (Atari)". GameSpy. http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detail&id=315. 
  6. ↑ Chen, Brian (August 29, 2013). "New Device At Nintendo Is Cheaper, For Youths". The New York Times: p. B1. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/29/technology/nintendo-to-offer-lower-cost-game-device.html. 
  7. ↑ Kuchera, Ben (February 28, 2011). "It's unofficial: dedicated gaming devices may be losing out to phones". https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2011/02/versatility-rules-why-monotasking-gaming-devices-may-be-losing-steam/. 
  8. ↑ Newman, Jared (November 11, 2013). "PC Game Streaming Is Going to Be Huge". Time (magazine). http://techland.time.com/2013/11/11/pc-game-streaming-is-going-to-be-huge/. Retrieved December 30, 2013. 
  9. ↑ Edwards, Benj (May 15, 2007). "Videogames Turn 40 Years Old". p. 4. http://www.1up.com/features/videogames-turn-40. 
  10. ↑ University of Maribor (April 24, 2007). D 4.1 - Standards and technology monitoring report (revised version) (1.7 ed.). Sixth Framework Programme (European Community). p. 20. http://www.mg-bl.com/fileadmin/downloads/deliverables/D4.1_Standards_and_technology_monitoring_report_revised_version_V1.7.pdf. Retrieved December 29, 2013. 
  11. ↑ Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (May 8, 2008). "A History of Gaming Platforms: Mattel Intellivision". p. 1. http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3653/a_history_of_gaming_platforms_.php. 
  12. ↑ Demaria, Rusel; Wilson, Johnny (December 18, 2003). High Score! The Illustrated History of Video games (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill/Osborne Media. pp. 31–32. ISBN 9780072231724. https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC&q=High+Score!+The+Illustrated+History+of+Video+games. Retrieved January 1, 2021. 
  13. ↑ East, Tom (November 11, 2009). "History Of Nintendo: Game Boy". Official Nintendo Magazine. http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/13153/features/history-of-nintendo-game-boy/. 
  14. ↑ Patsuris, Penelope (June 7, 2004). "Sony PSP Vs. Nintendo DS". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/2004/06/07/cx_pp_0607mondaymatchup.html. 
  15. ↑ Hutsko, Joe (March 25, 2000). "88 Million and Counting; Nintendo Remains King of the Handheld Game Players". The New York Times: p. C1. https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/25/business/88-million-and-counting-nintendo-remains-king-of-the-handheld-game-players.html?pagewanted=all. 
  16. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Historical Data: Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (xlsx). Nintendo. April 27, 2017. https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/finance/historical_data/xls/consolidated_sales_e1703.xlsx. 
  17. ↑ Reimer, Jeremy (October 10, 2005). "The evolution of gaming: computers, consoles, and arcade". https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/10/gaming-evolution/. 
  18. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 "IR Information : Sales Data - Dedicated Video Game Sales Units" (in en). http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/en/finance/hard_soft/index.html. 
  19. ↑ "Business Development: Hardware". Sony Computer Entertainment. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdata_hardware_e.html. 
  20. ↑ "Business Development: Unit Sales of Hardware(FY2013-)". Sony Computer Entertainment. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/hardware_sale_e.html. 
  21. ↑ Makuch, Eddie (February 6, 2014). "PS4 helps Sony's game division rise, but PS3 sales see "significant decrease"". http://www.gamespot.com/articles/ps4-helps-sony-s-game-division-rise-but-ps3-sales-see-significant-decrease/1100-6417559/. 
  22. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 "SIE Business Development". Sony Computer Entertainment. September 30, 2021. https://www.sie.com/en/corporate/data.html. 
  23. ↑ Stuart, Keith (January 4, 2013). "PlayStation 2 manufacture ends after 12 years". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/jan/04/playstation-2-manufacture-ends-years. 
  24. ↑ Ackerman, Dan (May 30, 2017). "At long last, end of the line for the Sony PlayStation 3". https://www.cnet.com/news/at-long-last-end-of-the-line-for-the-sony-playstation-3/. 
  25. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Sony to Stop Selling PlayStation Portable". Associated Press. Associated Press. June 3, 2014. http://bigstory.ap.org/article/sony-stop-selling-playstation-portable. 
  26. ↑ Campbell, Evan (June 3, 2014). "Sony Discontinuing PSP". https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/06/03/sony-discontinuing-psp. 
  27. ↑ Sirani, Jordan (April 17, 2019). "Top 15 Best-Selling Video Game Consoles of All Time". https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/04/17/top-15-best-selling-video-game-consoles-of-all-time. 
  28. ↑ Moriarty, Colin (November 17, 2014). "Vita Sales Are Picking Up Thanks to PS4 Remote Play". https://uk.ign.com/articles/2014/11/17/vita-sales-are-picking-up-thanks-to-ps4-remote-play. 
  29. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Good, Owen (March 2, 2019). "RIP PS Vita: Sony officially ends production". https://www.polygon.com/2019/3/2/18246372/playstation-vita-canceled-discontinued-production-ended-ps-vita-sony. 
  30. ↑ Baker, Chris (June 28, 2017). "PlayStation Vita's Rebirth as a Boutique Platform". Glixel. https://www.rollingstone.com/glixel/news/playstation-vitas-rebirth-as-a-boutique-platform-w490141. 
  31. ↑ Zatkin, Geoffrey (2016). "Awesome Video Game Data 2016". Game Developers Conference 2016. Electronic Entertainment Design and Research. p. 11. https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023022/Awesome-Video-Game-Data. Retrieved April 1, 2018. 
  32. ↑ Edwards, Benj (April 21, 2009). "Happy 20th b-day, Game Boy: here are 6 reasons why you're #1". https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2009/04/game-boy-20th-anniversary/. 
  33. ↑ "PS5 shipments top 19.3 million; PS4 tops 117.2 million" (in en-US). 2022-05-10. https://www.gematsu.com/2022/05/ps5-shipments-top-19-3-million-ps4-tops-117-2-million. 
  34. ↑ "PlayStation Cumulative Production Shipments of Hardware". Sony Computer Entertainment. http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdataps_e.html. 
  35. ↑ Futter, Mike (October 22, 2015). "[Update Microsoft Will Focus Primarily On Xbox Live Usership, Not Console Shipments"]. Game Informer. http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2015/10/22/xbox-hardware-sales-down-xbox-live-user-up-to-39-million.aspx. Retrieved October 22, 2015. 
  36. ↑ Warren, Tom (April 29, 2020). "Microsoft reports increased PC demand during coronavirus and 'minimal impact' on revenue". https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/29/21241681/microsoft-q3-2020-earnings-surface-windows-xbox-revenue-profit. 
  37. ↑ Xbox Wire Staff (June 9, 2014). "Xbox Delivers Winning Lineup of Exclusive Games for this Holiday Season". https://news.xbox.com/en-us/2014/06/09/events-e3-2014-recap/. 
  38. ↑ "Microsoft Annual Meeting of Shareholders". Microsoft. December 3, 2014. http://www.microsoft.com/investor/Events/Presentations/2014/ShareholderMeeting2014.aspx?eventid=151407&Search=true&SearchType=0. "Finally, our gaming business is thriving with the Xbox One hitting 10 million units sold. I am thrilled to welcome Mojang and Minecraft community to Microsoft." 
  39. ↑ Tassi, Paul (January 30, 2020). "The Nintendo Switch May Have Just Outsold The Xbox One With A 3.5 Year Late Start". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/paultassi/2020/01/30/the-nintendo-switch-may-have-just-outsold-the-xbox-one-with-a-35-year-late-start/#5888aa6857e5. 
  40. ↑ Harding-Rolls, Piers (September 15, 2020). "Sony banks on PlayStation Studios to deliver another winning console generation". Ampere Analysis Insights. https://www.ampereanalysis.com/insight/sony-banks-on-playstation-studios-to-deliver-another-winning-console-generation. 
  41. ↑ Effron, Oliver (July 17, 2020). "Gearing up for the Xbox Series X, Microsoft has stopped making the Xbox One X". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/17/tech/microsoft-xbox-one-discontinue/index.html. 
  42. ↑ "Xbox Series X/S Has Sold 21 Million Units, Xbox One at 58 Million, as Per Microsoft Brazil Presentation" (in en-US). https://gamingbolt.com/xbox-series-x-s-has-sold-21-million-units-xbox-one-at-58-million-as-per-microsoft-brazil-presentation. 
  43. ↑ "PlayStation 5 Achieves Milestone of 50 Million Units Sold to Consumers" (Press release). December 20, 2023. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  44. ↑ "Iwata Asks: Game & Watch.". Nintendo of America. https://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/clubn/game-and-watch-ball-reward/0/0. 
  45. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 "Yearly market report" (in ja). Famitsu Weekly (392): 8. June 21, 1996. 
  46. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Ernkvist, Mirko (August 21, 2012). Zackariasson, Peter; Wilson, Timothy. eds. The Video Game Industry: Formation, Present State, and Future. Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 9781136258244. https://books.google.com/books?id=oQKFmX9m25sC&q=158. Retrieved December 5, 2015. 
  47. ↑ "Sega farms out Genesis". Consumer Electronics. March 2, 1998. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3169/is_n9_v38/ai_20456851/?tag=content;col1. 
  48. ↑ "AtGames to Launch Atari Flashback 4 to Celebrate Atari's 40th Anniversary!" (Press release). PR Newswire. November 12, 2012. Archived from the original on November 27, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  49. ↑ "Gamers Catch Their Breath as Xbox 360 and Xbox Live Reinvent Next-Generation Gaming". Xbox.com. May 10, 2006. http://www.xbox.com/zh-SG/community/news/2006/20060510.htm. 
  50. ↑ "Xbox Series X/S Has Sold 21 Million Units, Xbox One at 58 Million, as Per Microsoft Brazil Presentation" (in en-US). https://gamingbolt.com/xbox-series-x-s-has-sold-21-million-units-xbox-one-at-58-million-as-per-microsoft-brazil-presentation. 
  51. ↑ Heath, Alex (2023-03-01). "This is Meta's AR / VR hardware roadmap for the next four years" (in en-US). https://www.theverge.com/2023/2/28/23619730/meta-vr-oculus-ar-glasses-smartwatch-plans. 
  52. ↑ "VTech Introduces InnoTV, Perfect Educational Gaming System for Preschoolers Offers Educator-Supported Learning Games for Under US$70" (in en-US). 2015-10-13. https://www.vtech.com/en/press_release/2015/vtech-introduces-innotv-perfect-first-educational-gaming-system-for-preschoolers-packed-with-educator-supported-learning-games-for-under-us70/. 
  53. ↑ Buchanan, Levi (March 20, 2009). "Genesis vs. SNES: By the Numbers". https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/03/20/genesis-vs-snes-by-the-numbers. "Nintendo moved 49.1 million Super NES consoles over the course of the generation and beyond, far surpassing the Genesis, which sold a still impressive 29 million units. [...] The Master System sold an anemic 13 million to the NES count of 62 million." 
  54. ↑ Forster, Winnie (2005). The Encyclopedia of Game.Machines: Consoles, Handhelds, and Home Computers 1972–2005. Magdalena Gniatczynska. p. 139. ISBN 3-00-015359-4. 
  55. ↑ "Sega Consoles: Active installed base estimates". Screen Digest: 60. March 1995. https://www.scribd.com/doc/208776076/Screen-Digest?secret_password=2ntzw5zfrtsy8kxequmg. Retrieved November 27, 2021. 
  56. ↑ Nihon Kōgyō Shinbunsha (1986). "Amusement". Business Japan (Nihon Kogyo Shimbun) 31 (7–12): 89. https://books.google.com/books?id=tJcSAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Sega+is+estimated+to+have+sold%22. Retrieved January 24, 2012. 
  57. ↑ Sheff & Eddy 1999, p. 349: "Atari sold a handful of its 5200s and 7800s, and Sega sold a total of 2 million Master Systems."
  58. ↑ Nutt, Christian (September 12, 2014). "Stalled engine: The TurboGrafx-16 turns 25". http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/225466/stalled_engine_the_turbografx16_.php?print=1. 
  59. ↑ Phillips, Tom (April 11, 2012). "SNES celebrates 20th birthday in UK". http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-04-11-snes-celebrates-20th-birthday-in-uk. 
  60. ↑ "Sega Corporation Annual Report 2001". Sega Corporation. August 1, 2001. p. 14. http://www.segasammy.co.jp/english/ir/library/pdf/printing_archive/2001/e_sega_annual_tuuki_2001.pdf. "A total of 3.39 million hardware units and 23.87 million software units were sold worldwide during fiscal 2001, for respective totals of 8.20 million units and 51.63 million units since Dreamcast was first brought to market." 
  61. ↑ "Revisions to Annual Results Forecasts". Sega Corporation. October 23, 2001. p. 4. https://www.segasammy.co.jp/english/ir/release/pdf/past/sega/2002/20011030.pdf. "Regarding sales of Dreamcast hardware from inventory resulting from the withdrawal from Dreamcast production [...] the Company exceeded initial targets with domestic sales of 130,000 units and U.S. sales of 530,000 units for the first half. Consequently, at the end of the half, Dreamcast inventories totaled 40,000 units domestically and 230,000 units for the United States, and we anticipate being able to sell all remaining units by the holiday season as initially planned." 
  62. ↑ "Sega Corporation Annual Report 2002". Sega Corporation. July 1, 2002. p. 6. https://www.segasammy.co.jp/japanese/ir/library/pdf/printing_archive/2002/sega/sega_annual_tuuki_2002.pdf. "The year ended March 31, 2002 was a turning point for Sega. We exited the hardware business, ceasing production of Dreamcast and selling through the remaining inventory." 
  63. ↑ Azevedo, Théo (May 12, 2016). "Console em produção há mais tempo, Master System já vendeu 8 mi no Brasil" (in pt). Universo Online. http://jogos.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/2016/05/12/console-em-producao-ha-mais-tempo-master-system-ja-vendeu-8-mi-no-brasil.htm. "Comercializado no Brasil desde setembro de 1989, o saudoso Master System já vendeu mais de 8 milhões de unidades no país, segundo a Tectoy." 
  64. ↑ "Приставка Dendy: Как Виктор Савюк придумал первый в России поп-гаджет" (in ru). The Firm's Secret. August 9, 2016. https://secretmag.ru/business/trade-secret/nintendo-so-slonom-kak-viktor-savyuk-pridumal-pristavku-dendy.htm. 
  65. ↑ "Consolidated Financial Statements". Nintendo. April 26, 2018. p. 3. https://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2018/180426e.pdf. 
  66. ↑ McFerran, Damien (November 20, 2010). "Feature: Slipped Disk - The History of the Famicom Disk System". http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2010/11/feature_slipped_disk_the_history_of_the_famicom_disk_system. 
  67. ↑ "トイ・ストーリー3 がビーナに登場!『Beena専用ソフト シューティングビーナ トイ・ストーリー3 ウッディとバズの大冒険!』とばして!うって!つかまえて!たのしいゲームがい~っぱい!" (in ja). 2010-07-14. https://www.segatoys.co.jp/company/press_release/pdf/20100714.pdf. 
  68. ↑ "Nintendo sold 2.3 million NES Classic Editions". April 28, 2017. https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/297102/Nintendo_sold_23_million_NES_Classic_Editions.php. 
  69. ↑ "Nintendo Switch sales near 20m, down slightly on last year". Eurogamer.net. July 31, 2018. https://www.eurogamer.net/nintendo-switch-sales-near-20m-down-slightly-on-last-year. 
  70. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Ricciardi, John (October 1, 2002). "Hands-On With Bandai's SwanCrystal; Move over, Game Boy Advance - there's a new bird in town". Electronic Gaming Monthly (EGM Media Group) (159): 58. ISSN 1058-918X. "On July 12, toy giant Bandai unleashed a third iteration (in stylish red and blue models) of their handheld WonderSwan system, the new-and- improved SwanCrystal, in Japan.". 
  71. ↑ 72.0 72.1 "Bandai to Launch WonderSwan Color in Dec.". Jiji Press English News Service. August 30, 2000. "A new colored version of Bandai Co.'s <7967> WonderSwan handheld game machine will hit Japanese stores in early December, the Japanese game maker said Wednesday. [...] The original WonderSwan, with its black-and-white displays, has sold 1.55 million units since its debut in March 1999." 
  72. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 "第21回 スワンクリスタル受注生産へ！ ワンダースワンのこれまでとこれからを探る！ 【見習い記者の取材日記】" (in ja). Famitsu. March 8, 2003. http://www.famitsu.com/game/serial/2003/03/07/364,1047015949,11347,0,0.html. Retrieved February 8, 2014. 
  73. ↑ "Bandai to Supply Software for Nintendo's Game Boy". Jiji Press English News Service. February 18, 2003. "The move reflects declining sales of Bandai's WonderSwan mobile game machine. The major Japanese toy maker is looking to supply two or three software titles for the rival company's popular game machine by March next year. Bandai will shift its focus from sales of hardware to software for "multiple platforms," including personal digital assistants, Takasu told a press conference." 
  74. ↑ "Device solution". Koto. http://www.koto.co.jp/english/products/device.html. 
  75. ↑ "Business Strategy: Interactive Education Business". Sega Toys. http://www.segatoys.co.jp/english/company_profile/business_strategy/edutainment.html. 
  76. ↑ "食育、安全などの"五育"を取り入れ、エデュテイメント事業を推進「遊びながら学ぶ」が進化する『Advanced PICO Beena』（アドバンスピコ ビーナ）8月発売" (PDF) (Press release) (in 日本語). Sega Toys. April 5, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  77. ↑ "Majesco Signs Licensing Deal to Distribute Sega Pico Educational Systems: Systems Will Be Available In All Major Toy Retailers By Holiday Season" (Press release). Business Wire. August 5, 1999. Archived from the original on August 2, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015. External link in |publisher= (help)
  78. ↑ Parish, Jeremy (July 13, 2013). "The Famicom Legacy". USgamer. http://www.usgamer.net/articles/the-famicom-legacy. 
  79. ↑ Sheff & Eddy 1999, pp. 27–28: "[Color TV Game 6] was followed by a more powerful sequel, Color TV Game 15. A million units of each were sold. The engineering team also came up with systems that played a more complex game, called "Blockbuster," as well as a racing game. Half a million units of these were sold."
  80. ↑ "Intellivision: Intelligent Television". GameSpy. http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=ConsoleMuseum.Detail&id=17&game=9. 
  81. ↑ Azevedo, Théo (July 30, 2012). "Vinte anos depois, Master System e Mega Drive vendem 150 mil unidades por ano no Brasil" (in pt). UOL. http://jogos.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/2012/07/30/vinte-anos-depois-master-system-e-mega-drive-vendem-150-mil-unidades-por-ano-no-brasil.htm. "Base instalada: 5 milhões de Master System; 3 milhões de Mega Drive" 
  82. ↑ Sponsel, Sebastian (November 16, 2015). "Interview: Stefano Arnhold (Tectoy)". Sega-16. http://www.sega-16.com/2015/11/interview-stefano-arnhold-tectoy/. 
  83. ↑ Androvich, Mark (February 19, 2008). "N-gage's Second Coming". Gamesindustry.biz. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/n-gages-second-coming. "We had 700,000 active users and we had 3 million N-Gage devices out there." 
  84. ↑ "Coleco Industries sales report" (Press release). PR Newswire. April 17, 1984. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2013. 'First quarter sales of ColecoVision were substantial, although much less that [sic] those for the year ago quarter,' Greenberg said in a prepared statement. He said the company has sold 2 million ColecoVision games since its introduction in 1982.
  85. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Kleinfield, N. R. (July 21, 1985). "Coleco Moves Out Of The Cabbage Patch". The New York Times: p. F4. https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/21/business/coleco-moves-out-of-the-cabbage-patch.html?pagewanted=2. "Coleco is now debating whether to withdraw from electronics altogether. Colecovision still sells, but it is a shadow of its former self." 
  86. ↑ "Coleco's Net In Sharp Rise". The New York Times. Associated Press: p. 45. October 19, 1985. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/19/business/coleco-s-net-in-sharp-rise.html. "Thursday, Coleco said the entire inventory of its troubled Adam personal computer has been sold, along with much of its Colecovision inventory. The company's chairman, Arnold Greenberg, said Coleco expects no more charges against earnings from the two discontinued products." 
  87. ↑ Blake Snow (2007-07-30). "The 10 Worst-Selling Consoles of All Time". GamePro. Archived from the original on 2008-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20080823192941/http://www.gamepro.com/gamepro/domestic/games/features/111822.shtml. Retrieved 2023-07-14. 
  88. ↑ Blake Snow (2007-07-30). "The 10 Worst-Selling Handhelds of All Time". GamePro. Archived from the original on 2008-07-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20080730005444/http://www.gamepro.com/gamepro/domestic/games/features/125748.shtml. Retrieved 2023-07-22. 
  89. ↑ "Top 25 Video Game Consoles of All Time (Magnavox Odyssey 2)". https://www.ign.com/top-25-consoles/21.html. 
  90. ↑ Tanaka, Tatsuo (August 2001). Network Externality and Necessary Software Statistics (Report). Statistics Bureau of Japan. p. 2. http://www.stat.go.jp/english/info/meetings/iaos/pdf/tanaka.pdf#page=2. 
  91. ↑ Adam Brandenburger, Barry Nalebuff. Co-opetition. p. 238. 
  92. ↑ "Weekly Famitsu Express". Famitsu 11 (392). June 21, 1996. https://imgur.com/hXXa6DE. Retrieved August 2, 2019. 
  93. ↑ "TurboGrafx-CD System". Computer Entertainer 8 (9): 11. December 1989. https://retrocdn.net/images/d/d6/ComputerEntertainer_US_Vol.8_09.pdf. 
  94. ↑ "Press Release: Axlon To Develop New Video Games For Atari; Bushnell Returns". Atari Corporation. June 1, 1988. https://atariage.com/forums/uploads/monthly_01_2008/post-9346-1201143700.jpg. ""The 7800 system with its enhanced graphics capabilities was introduced in 1986 and has sold more than million units to date."" 
  95. ↑ Pereira, Joseph (November 16, 1992). "Technology (A Special Report): At Our Leisure --- (Not So) Great Expectations: Hand-held Video Games Will Get Better, But Big Improvements May Take a While". The Wall Street Journal: p. R10. ISSN 0099-9660. "Meanwhile, Nintendo, the first on the market with its black-and-white Game Boy, has sold approximately 7.5 million portable systems, analysts estimate. Sega has sold about 1.6 million units of its color Game Gear system, while Atari Inc. has sold about one million units of its $99 Lynx color portable system." 
  96. ↑ Dvorak, John (September 1999). "The Riddle of the Lynx". Computer Shopper (SX2 Media Labs): 97. ISSN 0886-0556. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55480741.html. Retrieved February 13, 2014. "The Jaguar looked to be a winner, with popular new games and hot sales. Around June of 1994 the company decided to stop supporting the Lynx and concentrate on the Jaguar.". 
  97. ↑ Elrich, David (September 15, 1994). "Video-Game Wars: Fighting It Out Off-Screen". The New York Times: p. C2. ISSN 0362-4331. "According to Philips, there are 1 million CD-i owners worldwide." 
  98. ↑ Townsend, Allie (November 4, 2010). "Top 10 Failed Gaming Consoles". Time (magazine). http://techland.time.com/2010/11/04/top-10-failed-gaming-consoles/slide/philips-cd-i/. Retrieved July 23, 2014. 
  99. ↑ Dillon, Roberto (April 12, 2011). The Golden Age of Video Games: The Birth of a Multibillion Dollar Industry. Taylor & Francis. pp. 22–23. ISBN 9781439873236. https://books.google.com/books?id=pq6-X1fTm2oC. Retrieved November 26, 2013. 
  100. ↑ Mehegan, David (May 8, 1988). "Putting Coleco Industries Back Together". The Boston Globe: p. A1. ISSN 0743-1791. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8061028.html. "When the game [Telstar] crashed hard, earnings fell 50 percent in 1977 and the company lost $22 million in 1978, barely skirting bankruptcy after Handel -- then chief financial officer -- found new credit and mollified angry creditors after months of tough negotiation." 
  101. ↑ Schrage, Michael (May 22, 1984). "Atari Introduces Game In Attempt for Survival". The Washington Post: p. C3. ISSN 0190-8286. https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/doc/138312072.html. "The company has stopped producing its 5200 SuperSystem games player, more than 1 million of which were sold." 
  102. ↑ Paweł Winiarski (2015-05-15). "Ponad milion sprzedanych egzemplarzy. Poznajcie historię Pegasusa - najpopularniejszej konsoli w Polsce" (in pl). https://antyweb.pl/ponad-milion-sprzedanych-egzemplarzy-poznajcie-historie-pegasusa-najpopularniejszej-konsoli-w-polsce. 
  103. ↑ Boland, Mike (2020-09-21). "Has Oculus Quest Sold One-Million Lifetime Units?" (in en-US). https://arinsider.co/2020/09/21/has-oculus-quest-sold-one-million-units/. 
  104. ↑ "SuperData XR Quarterly Update — SuperData, a Nielsen Company". 2020-12-27. https://www.superdataresearch.com/blog/superdata-xr-update. 

1 WonderSwan Famitsu sources

2 Release year sources

Bibliography



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