Engineering:List of high-speed trains
The following is a list of high-speed trains that have been, are, or will be in commercial service.
A high-speed train is generally defined as one which operates at or over 125 mph (200 km/h) in regular passenger service, with a high level of service, and often comprising multi-powered elements.
In these tables, two or three maximum speeds are given: the column "Operated" refers to the maximum speed reached by the train in commercial operations, while the column "Design" refers to the theoretical maximum speed in commercial operations as announced by the manufacturer. Finally, a third "Record" speed may also be listed if there is an independently verified speed record.
Multiple units
High-speed trains currently or soon in service
Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power distribution |
Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Operated | Designed | Record | ||||||||
Acela Express (1st generation) |
Amtrak | TGV & LRC derived | Alstom Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 25 Hz AC |
240 (150 mph) | 266 (165 mph) | 266 (165 mph) | 2000 | |
Afrosiyob | Uzbekistan Railways | Talgo 250 | Talgo | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 210
|
2011 | |
AGV 575 | NTV | AGV | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
300 | 360 | 360
|
2012 | |
Alfa Pendular | CP | Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria Adtranz Siemens |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 220[1] | 250 | 210
|
1999[1] | |
Alvia Class 120, 121 (variable gauge) |
Renfe | CAF Alstom |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 250
|
2004 | ||
Alvia Class 130 (variable gauge) | Talgo 250 | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 250
|
2007 | ||
730 (variable gauge) |
concentrated (2 electric power cars, 2 diesel-generator trailers) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC Diesel (electric transmission) |
2012 | |||||||
Avant Class 104 | Pendolino | Alstom CAF |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
2003 | ||
Avant Class 114 | New Pendolino | Alstom CAF |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
2009 | ||
AVE Class 100 | TGV | GEC-Alstom CAF |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
300 | 300 | 357 | 1992 | ||
AVE Class 102, 112 | Talgo 350 | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 350 | 365 | 2005 | ||
AVE Class 103 | Velaro | Siemens | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 310 | 380 | 403.7[2] | 2006 | ||
AVE Class 106 | Talgo AVRIL | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC |
350 | 363 | 2024 | |||
Avelia Liberty | Amtrak | TGV & New Pendolino derived | Alstom | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 25 Hz AC |
350 (220 mph)[3] | 210
|
2024 | ||
Avelia Horizon | SNCF | TGV | Alstom | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
350[4] | 210
|
2024 | ||
BR Class 43 (InterCity 125) |
Abellio ScotRail Network Rail Tren Interoceánico |
HST | BREL | concentrated (2 power cars) | Diesel (electric transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 238 (148 mph) | 1976 | |
BR Class 180 Alstom Coradia | Template:Country data GB Grand Central | Coradia | Alstom | distributed | Diesel (hydraulic transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 200
|
2002 | |
BR Class 220 | CrossCountry | Voyager | Bombardier | distributed | Diesel (electric transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 200
|
2001 | |
BR Class 221 Bombardier Voyager | CrossCountry Avanti West Coast Template:Country data GB Grand Central |
Bombardier | distributed | Diesel (electric transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 200
|
2002 | ||
BR Class 222 | East Midlands Railway | Bombardier | distributed | Diesel (electric transmission) | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 200
|
2004 | ||
BR Class 390 Alstom Pendolino | Avanti West Coast | Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 248 (154 mph) | 2002 | |
BR Class 395 Javelin Hitachi AT300 | Southeastern | A-train | Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 750 V DC (3rd rail) |
225 (140 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 252 (157 mph)[5] | 2009 | |
BR Class 397 | TransPennine Express | CAF Civity | CAF | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 210
|
2019 | |
BR Class 800 | Great Western Railway London North Eastern Railway |
A-train | Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel (electric transmission) |
201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 225
|
2017 | |
BR Class 801 | London North Eastern Railway | Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 225
|
2019 | ||
BR Class 802 | Great Western Railway Hull Trains TransPennine Express |
Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel (electric transmission) |
201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 225
|
2018 | ||
BR Class 803 | Lumo | Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 225
|
2021 | ||
BR Class 805 | Avanti West Coast | Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel (electric transmission) |
225 (140 mph) | 225
|
2024 | |||
BR Class 807 | Avanti West Coast | Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 225 (140 mph) | 225
|
2024 | |||
BR Class 810 | East Midlands Railway | Hitachi Rail | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel (electric transmission) |
225 (140 mph) | 225
|
2024 | |||
CRH1A & CRH1B | China Railway | Regina | Bombardier CSR Sifang |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 278 | 2007 | |
CRH1E | Zefiro | Bombardier CSR Sifang |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
2009 | ||
CRH1A-A CRH1E-250 |
CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
2016 | |||
CRH2A CRH2B CRH2E |
Shinkansen | Kawasaki CSR Sifang |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
2007 | ||
CRH2E (New Batch, sleeper) | CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
2017 | |||
CRH2C | Shinkansen | CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 310 | 350 | 350 | 2008 | ||
CRH3A | CNR Tangshan CNR Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 210
|
2017 | |||
CRH3C | Velaro | Siemens CNR Tangshan CNR Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 310 | 350 | 394.2 | 2008 | ||
CRH5A | New Pendolino | Alstom CNR Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
2007 | ||
CRH5G | CNR Changchun | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
2017 | |||
CRH6A | CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 220 | 220
|
2014 | |||
CRH380A & AL | Shinkansen derived (paywall)[6] | CSR Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 380 | 486.1 | 2010 | ||
CRH380B, BL & CL | Velaro | Siemens CNR Tangshan CNR Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 380 | 487.3 | 2011 | ||
CRH380D | Zefiro | Bombardier CSR Sifang |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 380 | 483 | 2012 | ||
CR300AF | Fuxing | CRRC Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 300 | 210
|
2019 | ||
CR300BF | CRRC Changchun | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 300 | 210
|
2019 | |||
CR400AF, -A & -B | CRRC Sifang | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350[7] | 400 | 420 | 2017 | |||
CR400BF, -A & -B | CRRC Tangshan CRRC Changchun |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350[7] | 400 | 420 | 2017 | |||
DSB IC5 | DSB | Coradia Stream | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
200 | 210
|
2027 | ||
ED250 | PKP Intercity | New Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 3 kV DC | 200 | 250 | 293[8] | 2014 | |
ČD Class 680 | ČD | Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC, 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC and 3 kV DC | 200 | 230 | 237 | 2006 | |
EMU-320 | Korail | KTX | Hyundai Rotem | distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 352 | 210
|
2024 | ||
ETR 460 | Trenitalia | Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria | distributed | 3 kV DC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
1994 | |
ETR 470 | SBB | distributed | 3 kV DC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
200 | 250 | 200
|
1996–2014 | |||
Trenitalia | 1996–2021 | |||||||||
Hellenic Train | 2022 | |||||||||
ETR 480 / ETR 485 | Trenitalia | distributed | 3 kV DC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
250 | 250 | 250
|
1997 | |||
ETR 500 (2nd gen) | Alstom Bombardier AnsaldoBreda |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC (500F) |
300 | 300 | 362[9] | 2000 | |||
ETR 600 | New Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 250
|
2008 | ||
ETR 610 | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 250
|
2008 | |||
ETR 675 | NTV | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 250
|
2017 | ||
ETR 700 (Previously known as V250) | Trenitalia (Previously NS SNCB) |
AnsaldoBreda | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 250
|
2012 - 2013 2019 |
||
ETR 1000 (Frecciarossa 1000) | Trenitalia Iryo |
Zefiro | Bombardier AnsaldoBreda |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
300 | 360 | 393.8[10] | 2015 | |
BR Class 373 Eurostar e300 Alstom TGV TMST (initially known as BR Class 373 or TGV TMST) |
Eurostar IZY |
TGV | GEC-Alsthom | concentrated with additional distributed traction (2 power cars, 2 pass. semi-motor cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC 750 V DC (3rd rail, no longer in use) |
300 (190 mph) | 300 (190 mph) | 334.7 (208.0 mph) | 1993 | |
Eurostar e320 Siemens Velaro | Eurostar | Velaro | Siemens | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC |
300 (190 mph) | 320 (200 mph) | 352 (219 mph) | 2015 | |
Flytoget Class 78 | Flytoget | Oaris | CAF | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 210 | 250 | 210
|
2021 | |
GMB Class 71 | X 2000 derived | Adtranz Strømmen |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 210 | 210 | 210
|
1998 | ||
ICE 1 | DB | ICE | Siemens ABB AEG Krauss-Maffei Krupp Thyssen Henschel |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 280 | 280 | 310 | 1991 | |
ICE 2 | Siemens Adtranz |
concentrated (1 power car) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 280 | 280 | 316 | 1996 | |||
ICE 3 Class 403, 406 | DB NS |
Velaro | Siemens Bombardier |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC [N 1] 1.5 kV DC [N 2] 3 kV DC [N 2] |
320 | 330 | 368 | 2000 | |
ICE 3 Class 407 | DB | Siemens | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 320 352 | 2013 | ||
ICE 3 Class 408 | DB | Velaro Neo | Siemens | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 320 352
|
2022[12] | |
ICE T | DB ÖBB |
ICE (contains Pendolino technology) | Siemens Duewag Fiat Ferroviaria |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 230 | 230 | 255 | 2005 | |
ICE 4 | DB | ICE | Siemens Bombardier (now Alstom) |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 265 | 265 | 292 292 | 2017 | |
IC2 | DB | KISS | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2020 | ||
Stadler KISS | WESTbahn | 2011 | ||||||||
SOKO | Srbija Voz | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 2022 | |||||||
Intercity Nieuwe Generatie | NS | Coradia Stream | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 210
|
2023 | |
KCIC400AF | KCIC | Fuxing | CRRC Qingdao Sifang | distributed | 27.5 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 350[14] | 2023 | ||
KTX-I | Korail | TGV | Alstom Hyundai Rotem |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 305 | 330 | 330
|
2004 | |
KTX-Eum | KTX | Hyundai Rotem | distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 260 | 286 | 210
|
2020 | ||
KTX-Sancheon | Hyundai Rotem | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 305 | 330 | 330
|
2010 | |||
NSB Class 73 | Go-Ahead Norge SJ Norge Vy |
X 2000 derived | Adtranz Strømmen |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 210 | 210 | 210
|
1999 | |
NSB Class 74/75 | Vy | FLIRT | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200[15] | 200 | 210
|
2012 | |
RABDe 500 | SBB | ICN | Alstom Bombardier |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 200
|
2000 | |
RABe 501 | SMILE | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 275 | 2019 | ||
RABe 502 | TWINDEXX | Bombardier | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200[16] | 200 | 210
|
2018 | ||
RABe 503 | New Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 250
|
2008 | ||
Regio 2N (Z 56500) |
SNCF | Omneo | Bombardier | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 210
|
2017 | |
EVS1/EVS2 Sapsan | RZD | Velaro | Siemens | distributed | 3 kV DC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
250 | 350 | 290 | 2009 | |
SAR push-pull train | SAR | CAF | concentrated (1 power car) | Diesel (electric transmission) | 200 | 200 | 210
|
2017 | ||
500 Series Shinkansen | JR West | Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 320 | 320
|
1997 | |
700 Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR West |
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 285 | 285 | 285
|
1999 | |||
N700 Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR Kyushu JR West |
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 360 | 332[17] | 2007 | |||
N700A Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR West |
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 360 | 210
|
2013 | |||
N700S Series Shinkansen | JR Central | Nippon Sharyo | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 360 | 362[18] | 2020 | |||
N700S Series Shinkansen | JR Kyushu | Nippon Sharyo | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 260 | 360 | 2022 | ||||
N700S Series Shinkansen | THSR | Hitachi Rail Toshiba |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 360 | 2026 | |||||
800 Series Shinkansen | JR Kyushu | Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 260 | 285 | 285
|
2004 | |||
E2 Series Shinkansen | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 275 | 275 | 362 | 1997 | |||
E3 Series Shinkansen | JR East | Kawasaki Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 275[19] | 275 | 275
|
1997 | |||
E5 Series Shinkansen | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320[19] | 360 | 210
|
2011 | |||
E5 Series Shinkansen | NHSRCL | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 360 | 210
|
2026 | ||||
H5 Series Shinkansen | JR Hokkaido | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320 | 360 | 360
|
2016 | |||
E6 Series Shinkansen | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320[20] | 360 | 320
|
2013 | |||
E7 Series Shinkansen | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki J-TREC |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 260[21] | 275[21] | 275
|
2014 | |||
W7 Series Shinkansen | JR West | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 260[21] | 275[21] | 275
|
2015 | |||
E8 Series Shinkansen | JR East | Kawasaki | 20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 300
|
2024 | ||||
Sm3 | VR | Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria Rautaruukki Transtech |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 220 | 220 | 242 | 1995 | |
Talgo 350 SRO | SRO | Talgo 350 | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 350 | 210
|
2018[22] | |
Talgo AVRIL | Le Train | Talgo AVRIL | Talgo | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
330 | 2025[23] | |||
TCDD HT65000 | TCDD Taşımacılık | CAF | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 250
|
2009 | ||
TCDD HT80000 | Velaro | Siemens | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 300 | 300
|
2015 | ||
TGV Atlantique | SNCF | TGV | Alsthom | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
300 | 300 | 515.3 | 1989 | |
TGV Réseau | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 320
|
1993 | ||||
TGV Duplex | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 320
|
1995 | ||||
TGV Oceane | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 320
|
2017 | ||||
TGV POS | SNCF TGV Lyria |
Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
320 | 320 | 574.8 | 2006 | |||
TGV Euroduplex | SNCF TGV Lyria ONCF Ouigo España |
Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 320
|
2011 | |||
PBA | Eurostar | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
300 | 320 | 320
|
1996 | |||
PBKA | Eurostar | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
300 | 320 | 320
|
1997 | |||
THSR 700T | THSR | Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 315 | 300 315 | 2007 | |
Velaro Novo | Brightline West | Velaro | Siemens Mobility | distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 380 (240 mph) | 210
|
2027 | ||
Vibrant Express | MTR Corporation[25] |
|
CRRC Qingdao Sifang[26] | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 380 | 210
|
2018[27][28] | |
X2 | SJ | X 2000 | Adtranz ABB |
concentrated (1 power car) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 210 | 276 | 1989 | |
X3 | Arlanda Express | Coradia | GEC-Alsthom | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 205 | 205
|
1998 | |
X40 | SJ | Alstom | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 200
|
2006 | ||
X50 - 55 | SJ Tågkompaniet Västtrafik Veolia Transport Upplands Lokaltrafik |
Regina | Bombardier | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 250 | 303 | 2000 | |
X74 | MTRX | Stadler FLIRT | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2015 | ||
ER1 | Mälardalstrafik Upplands Lokaltrafik Tågkompaniet |
Stadler Dosto | Stadler Rail | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2019 | ||
X80 | Västtrafik | Zefiro | Bombardier | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 2025 | |||
Zefiro Express | SJ | Zefiro | Alstom | distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 250 | 2026 | |||
Z-TER | SNCF | Alstom Bombardier |
distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 200
|
2003 |
High-speed trains no longer in service
Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power distribution |
Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Operated | Designed | Record | ||||||||
BR Class 370 | Template:Country data GB InterCity | APT | BREL | concentrated (2 intermediate power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 250 (160 mph) | 261 (162 mph)[29] | 1980—1986 | |
CRDJJ1 "Blue Arrow" | Guangshen Railway | Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co | concentrated (1 power car) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 210 | 235.6 | 2000—2012 | ||
DJJ2 "China Star" | Qinshen railway | Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 270 | 321.5 | 2002—2006 | ||
DB Class 403 (1973) | DB | AEG BBC Siemens |
distributed | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 220 | 225 | 1972—1993 | ||
ER200 | RZD | RVR | distributed | 3 kV DC | 200 | 200 | 220 | 1984—2009 | ||
ETR 450 | Trenitalia | Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria | distributed | 3 kV DC | 250 | 280 | 280
|
1988—2015 | |
ETR 500 (1st series) | Trenitalia | AnsaldoBreda Fiat Ferroviaria Tecnomasio Firema Trasporti |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 3 kV DC | 250 | 300 | 321 | 1992—2007 | ||
ICE TD | DB DSB |
Venturio | Siemens | distributed | Diesel (electric transmission) | 200 | 200 | 222 | 2001—2017 | |
RENFE Class 490 | Renfe | Pendolino | GEC-Alsthom Fiat Ferrovaria |
distributed | 3 kV DC | 220 | 220 | 1998—2014 | ||
Sm6 Allegro | Karelian Trains | Pendolino | Alstom | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
220 | 220 | 220
|
2010 — 2022 | |
TGV Sud-Est | SNCF | TGV | Alsthom
Francorail-MTE |
concentrated with additional distributed traction (2 power cars, 2 pass. semi-motor cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
300 | 300 | 380 | 1980—2020 | |
TGV Postal | SNCF (on behalf of La Poste) |
Alsthom
Francorail-MTE |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
270 | 270 | 270
|
1984—2015 | ||
0 Series Shinkansen | JNR JR Central JR West |
Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Kisha Seizo |
distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 220 | 220 | 220
|
1964—2008 | |
100 Series Shinkansen | JNR JR Central JR West |
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 230 | 230 | 277.2 | 1985—2012 | |||
200 Series Shinkansen | JNR JR East |
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 (275 H sets) |
275 | 276.2[30] | 1982—2013 | |||
300 Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR West |
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 270 | 270 | 325.7 | 1992—2012 | |||
400 Series Shinkansen | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 | 240 | 345 | 1992—2010 | |||
E1 Series Shinkansen | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 | 240 | 240
|
1994—2012 | |||
E4 Series Shinkansen | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 | 240 | 240
|
1997—2021 |
Experimental or modified
Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power distribution |
Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Designed | Record | ||||||||
300X | JR Central | Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nippon Sharyo |
distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 350 | 443[31] | 1994–2002 | |
ALFA-X | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 400 | 400[32] | 2019- | |||
Class 951 | JNR | Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 250 | 286[33] | 1969—1973 | |||
Class 961 | JNR | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 260 | 319[34] | 1973–1981 | |||
Class 962 | JNR | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 210 | 1979—2003 | ||||
Class 1000 | JNR | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Kisha Seizo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 200 | 256[35] | 1962–1976 | |||
Fastech 360S | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 360 | 405[36] | 2005—2009 | |||
Fastech 360Z | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 360 | 405[36] | 2005—2009 | |||
STAR21 | JR East | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 425[37] | 1992–1998 | |||
WIN350 | JR West | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 350 | 350[38] | 1992–1995 | |||
GCT01 (1st generation) |
JR Kyushu | Kawasaki, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 50/60 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
300 | 246[39] | 1998–2006 | |||
GCT01 (2nd generation) |
JR Kyushu | Kawasaki, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 60 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
270[40] | ? | 2006–2013 | |||
FGT9000 | JR Kyushu | Kawasaki, Hitachi |
20/25 kV 60 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
270[41] | ? | 2014- | |||
HSR-350x | Korail | KTX | Hyundai Rotem | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 385 | 352[42] | 2002—2008 | |
HEMU-430X | Korail | Hyundai Rotem | distributed | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 430 | 421[43] | 2012—2017 | ||
BR APT-E | Template:Country data GB British Rail | APT | British Rail Research Division | concentrated (2 power cars) | Gas turbine (electric transmission) | 250 (160 mph) | 245 (152 mph)[44] | 1972—1976 | |
ICE S | DB | ICE | Siemens Adtranz AEG DWA |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 393[45] | 1996 | ||
ICE V | DB | Siemens AEG BBC Krauss-Maffei Krupp Thyssen Henschel |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 407[46] | 1985–1998 | |||
TGV 001 | SNCF | TGV | Alsthom
Brissonneau MTE Turbomeca Jeumont-Schneider Creusot-Loire |
concentrated (2 power cars) | Gas turbine (electric transmission) | 300 | 318 | 1972—1978 | |
Modified unit 325 | SNCF | Alstom | concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
515.3 | 1990 | |||
TGV V150 | SNCF | Alstom | concentrated with additional distributed traction (2 power cars, 2 pass. semi-motor cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
540 | 575[47] | 2007 | ||
Schienenzeppelin | Franz Kruckenberg | Schienenzeppelin | Franz Kruckenberg | concentrated (single railcar) | Petrol engine (with air propeller) | 230 | 1929—1939 | ||
ES250 Sokol | RZD | ES250 Sokol | RAO VSM | distributed | 3 kV DC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
250[48] | 2000—2002 | ||
Talgo XXI (Talgo BT) | ADIF | Talgo XXI | Talgo Krauss-Maffei |
concentrated (1 power car) | Diesel (hydraulic transmission) | 200 | 256[49] | 1999- | |
Talgo 330 | ADIF | Talgo 350 | Talgo Bombardier Krauss-Maffei |
concentrated (1 power car) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 336 | 2007- | |
Talgo AVRIL G3 | Renfe | Talgo AVRIL | Talgo Bombardier |
concentrated (2 power cars) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
350 | ? | 2012 — | |
High speed freight train | China Railway | Fuxing-derived | CRRC Tangshan | distributed | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 2020 |
Conventionally wheeled locomotive-hauled
As trains can have multiple configurations on the same service, service name is used as an identifier.
Currently or soon in service
Service Name | Operators | Hauled trailers | Locomotive(s) | Loco family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Operated | Designed | Record | In Service |
Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ComfortJet | České dráhy | Siemens Viaggio Comfort | 383 | Vectron | Siemens and Škoda Transportation | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
230 | 2024 | |||
InterJet | České dráhy | Siemens Viaggio Comfort | 383 | Vectron | Siemens and Škoda Transportation | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 2021 | ||
ICE L | Deutsche Bahn | Talgo 230 | DB Class 105 | Travca | Talgo | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
230 | 2024 | |||
FlixTrain | Flix | UIC passenger coach types | DB Class 182, 383 | Taurus Vectron | Siemens and Škoda Transportation | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 2017 | ||
DB Intercity/ Eurocity | Deutsche Bahn | DB Intercity carriages | DB Class 101 (previously DB Class 103, DB Class 120) |
Adtranz | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 1965 | |||
SBB IC/SBB IR | Template:Country data CH SBB | IC 2000 | Re 460 | SLM/ABB | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 1997 | |||
Einheitswagen IV/SBB EC carriage | 1996 | ||||||||||
Eurocity | SBB EC carriage/Einheitswagen IV (restaurant only) | Depending on country: Re 460 / DB Class 101 / ÖBB Classes 1016/1116/1216 | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 1989 | |||||
Premier Service | Transport for Wales Rail | BR Mark 4 | BR Class 67 | Alstom | EMD 12N-710G3B-EC Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2000 | |||
InterCity 225 | London North Eastern Railway | BR Mark 4 | BR Class 91 | APT | BREL Alstom |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 262 (163 mph) | 1988 | |
DSB EuroCity | DSB | Litra EC | Litra EB | Vectron | Siemens | 25 kV 50 Hz AC
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
200 | 200[50] | 2024 | ||
Railjet | ÖBB ČD |
Siemens Viaggio Comfort | ES64U2 | Taurus | Siemens | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
230 | 230 | 275[51] | 2008 | |
MARC Train | MARC | HHP-8 | HHP-8 | Bombardier Transportation | 12 kV 25 Hz AC 12.5 kV 60 Hz AC |
201 (125 mph)[52][53] | 217 (135 mph) | 1998 | |||
SC-44 | Charger | Siemens | Cummins QSK95 Diesel | 201 (125 mph)[54][55] | 201 (125 mph) | 2018 | |||||
Northeast Corridor | Amtrak | Amfleet | ACS-64 | Sprinter | Siemens | 12 kV 25 Hz AC
12.5 kV 60 Hz AC 25 kV 60 Hz ACC |
201 (125 mph) | 217 (135 mph) | 2014 | ||
Brightline | FECI | Siemens Venture | SCB-40 | Charger | Siemens | Cummins QSK95 Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2018 | ||
SNCB Intercity | SNCB | SNCB I11 &
SNCB M6 & SNCB M7 & SNCB I10 |
HLE 13 | Tractis | Alstom | 1.5 kV DC
3 kV DC 25 kV AC |
200 | 200 | 1997 | ||
SNCB Intercity | SNCB | SNCB I11 &
SNCB M6 & SNCB M7 & SNCB I10 |
SNCB HLE 18 & HLE 19 | EuroSprinter | Siemens | 1.5 kV DC
3 kV DC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 200 | 2011 | ||
HellasSprinter | Hellenic Train | OSE Class 120 | Eurosprinter | Siemens | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 1996 | ||||
Nevsky Express | RZD | Tver works family | ChS200 | Škoda 66E | Škoda | 3 kV DC | 200 | 200 | 2001 | ||
EP20 | Alstom Prima derived | Transmashholding
Alstom VELNII |
3 kV DC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 200 | 2012 |
No longer in service
Service Name | Type | Operators | Hauled trailers | Locomotive(s) | Loco family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Operated | Designed | Record | In Service |
Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Le Capitole | Passenger | SNCF | UIC-Y coaches /
Grand Confort coaches |
SNCF BB 9200 / SNCF CC 6500 | BB Jacquemin / Nez cassé | Creusot-Loire, Jeumont-Schneider and Compagnie Électro-Mécanique /
Alsthom and MTE |
1.5 kV DC | 200 | 200 | 1967—1991 | ||
Metropolitan Express Train | Passenger | DB | MET coaches / Grand Confort coaches | DB Class 101 | DB Class 101 | FTD Fahrzeugtechnik Dessau | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 220 | 220 | 1998—2021 | ||
MVGV (Marchandises exploitées en régime Voyageurs à Grande Vitesse) / Train Bloc Express | Freight (postal) | SERNAM (SNCF) | 9 postal coaches (total 172 metres long, 297 tonnes) | SNCF BB 22200 | Nez cassé | Alsthom and MTE | 25 kV 50 Hz AC1500 V DC | 200 | 200 | 1998—2010 | ||
Strizh | Passenger | RZD | Talgo 9 | EP20 | EP20 | Transmashholding Talgo | 3 kV DC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 200 | 2015—2022 |
Magnetically levitated
Currently or soon in service
Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Operated | Designed | Record | |||||||
Shanghai Transrapid | SMTD | Transrapid | Siemens ThyssenKrupp |
Electromagnetic suspension | 431 | 431 | 501[56] | 2004 | |
L0 Series Shinkansen | JR Central | Shinkansen | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nippon Sharyo |
Electrodynamic suspension | 505 | 603[57] | 2027[58][59] |
Experimental
Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Testing |
Picture | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Designed | Record | |||||||
ML500 | JNR | Shinkansen | Railway Technical Research Institute | Electrodynamic suspension | 517 | 1977—1981 | ||
MLU001 | JNR | 405 | 1981—1989 | |||||
MLU002 | JR Central | 394 | 1987—1991 | |||||
MLU002N | 431 | 1993—1996 | ||||||
MLX01 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nippon Sharyo |
581 | 1996—2011 | |||||
Transrapid 04 | Transrapid | Transrapid | Siemens Krauss-Maffei |
Electrodynamic suspension | 253[60] | 1973—1977 | ||
Transrapid 06 | Electromagnetic suspension | 412.6[60] | 1983—1988 | |||||
Transrapid 07 | Siemens ThyssenKrupp |
Electromagnetic suspension | 450[60] | 1987—1993 | ||||
Transrapid 08 | Electromagnetic suspension | 431 | 501[60] | 1999—2006 | ||||
Transrapid 09 | Electromagnetic suspension | 431 | 505[60] | 2006–2007 |
See also
- Railway speed record
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Automotoras Eléctricas Série: 4000 (4001-4010 e 4051-4060) :: CP :: (Versão Portuguesa)" (in pt). Série 4000: CP official website. http://www.cp.pt/cp/displayPage.do?vgnextoid=97722e652e675010VgnVCM1000007b01a8c0RCRD&lang=pt.
- ↑ "Ficha de 9-103-005-5" (in es). Listado del Material Ferroviario Español. http://www.listadotren.es/motor/ficha.php?id=1178&sid=d4151febb6c7e30d83ea53b7270f40b6.
- ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.alstom.com/Global/Transport/Resources/Documents/brochure2014/Avelia%20Liberty%20-%20Amtrak%20-%20Case%20study%20-%20English.pdf?epslanguage=en-GB.
- ↑ "SNCF confirms TGV of the Future order". http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/sncf-confirms-tgv-of-the-future-order.html.
- ↑ "Bullet train in milestone run on HS1". Railnews. 2008-06-10. http://www.railnews.co.uk/news/general/2008/06/10-hitatchi-hs-milestone.html. "an earlier successful 'overspeed' test to check train stability and ride on 18th April, when the train achieved a maximum speed of 252 km/h"
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Fitzpatrick, Michael (15 April 2013). "Did China steal Japan's high-speed train?". http://fortune.com/2013/04/15/did-china-steal-japans-high-speed-train/.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "铁总:9月21日起7对复兴号京沪高铁运营 时速350公里". 腾讯财经. 2017-08-20. http://finance.qq.com/a/20170820/020782.htm.
- ↑ 291 km/h – Pendolino sets new record by Dyspozytor
- ↑ "In galleria il nuovo record di velocità italiano" (in it). Ferrovie.it. http://www.ferrovie.it/portale/leggi.php?id=2543.
- ↑ "Il Frecciarossa 1000 è ancora da record" (in it). Ferrovie.it. http://www.ferrovie.it/portale/leggi.php?id=1855/.
- ↑ Volle Kraft voraus. In: como. Ausgabe 8, Mai 2012, ZDB-ID 2478309-2, S. 34–39.
- ↑ Der neue ICE
- ↑ "ICE 4 cleared for 265 km/h" (in German), Today's Railways Europe (306): p. 57, 2021, ISSN 1354-2753
- ↑ Limb, Lottie (2022-10-14). "Flight-free travel around Indonesia is about to get easier thanks to its first high-speed rail line". Associated Press (euronews). https://www.euronews.com/travel/2022/10/14/flight-free-travel-around-indonesia-is-about-to-get-easier-thanks-to-its-first-high-speed-.
- ↑ "Products" (in en). http://www.stadlerrail.com/en/products/flirt200/.
- ↑ "TWINDEXX Express Double-deck Trains, Switzerland - Switzerland - Bombardier" (in en). http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/projects/project.twindexx-switzerland.html?f-region=all&f-country=all&f-segment=all&f-name=TWINDEXX.
- ↑ (in ja)Asahi.com (Japan: The Asahi Shimbun Company). 17 November 2009. http://www.asahi.com/national/update/1117/NGY200911160010.html.
- ↑ "新幹線「N700S」 最高速度362キロ記録" (in ja). 毎日新聞. https://mainichi.jp/articles/20190607/k00/00m/040/012000c.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "320-km/h Hayabusa matches world speed record". The Japan Times. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd.. 17 March 2013. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/03/17/national/320-kph-hayabusa-matches-world-speed-record.
- ↑ "Error: no
|title=
specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ja). News release. Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 20 December 2013. p. 1. http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2013/20131217.pdf. - ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 "E7系新幹線電車" (in ja). Japan Railfan Magazine (Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd.) 54 (634): 9–13. February 2014.
- ↑ "Revised opening date agreed for Saudi HS project". 18 January 2017. http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/middle-east/revised-opening-date-agreed-for-saudi-hs-project.html?channel=523.
- ↑ "Le Train selects 330 km/h Talgo trainsets for French open access services" (in en). 2023-01-24. https://www.railwaygazette.com/traction-and-rolling-stock/le-train-selects-330-km/h-talgo-trainsets-for-french-open-access-services/63404.article.
- ↑ Taiwan's High Speed Rail reaches 315 km/h in a test.
- ↑ "Hong Kong High-Speed Trains Ready for Track Testing" (PDF) (Press release). 2013-11-06. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
MTR ordered nine high-speed trains for the Express Rail Link project [...] The train design is based on China’s CRH380A model.
- ↑ "MTR unveils first Express Rail Link high-speed train in Hong Kong". Railway Technology. 2013-11-06. https://www.railway-technology.com/uncategorized/newsmtr-unveils-first-express-rail-link-high-speed-train-in-hong-kong/. "Currently being built by CSR Qingdao Sifang [...] the trains are based on the design of China’s CRH380A model."
- ↑ Kuo, Lily (2018-10-04). "'This is part of the plan': new train blurs line between China and Hong Kong". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/oct/04/high-speed-train-brings-chinese-border-into-heart-of-hong-kong.
- ↑ McHugh, Fionnuala (2018-10-10). "On Hong Kong's new bullet train - the Vibrant Express". Stuff (NZ). https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/107722730/on-hong-kongs-new-bullet-train--the-vibrant-express.
- ↑ "Train smashes speed record". BBC News. 2003-07-30. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/3108973.stm.
- ↑ 新幹線と世界のライバル. Jtbパブリッシング. 2012-07-15. ISBN 9784533087684. https://books.google.com/books?id=Vpy2WLtW2T0C&q=276km&pg=PA140. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ↑ . Japan: JRR. July 1998. p. 99. ISBN 4-88283-029-9.
- ↑ (in en) ALFA-X(E956) 400km/h走行へ 2019.12.14-15, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9Vma8SeBfQ, retrieved 2019-12-16
- ↑ プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. OCLC 170056962.
- ↑ Yamanouchi, Shūichirō (2002). 東北・上越新幹線. Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. pp. 171–174. ISBN 4-533-04513-8.
- ↑ . Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. December 2005. OCLC 170056962.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 "FASTECH 360 High-Speed Shinkansen Test Train to Debut". 9 March 2005. http://www.jreast.co.jp/e/press/20050302/.
- ↑ Yamanouchi, Shūichirō (2002). 東北・上越新幹線. Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. ISBN 4-533-04513-8.
- ↑ プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. pp. 56–59. OCLC 170056962.
- ↑ "Error: no
|title=
specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ja). Japan: Railway Technical Research Institute. 14 January 2002. http://www.rtri.or.jp/rd/sales/gct.htm. - ↑ "新形フリーゲージトレイン". Japan Railfan Magazine (Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd.) 47 (556): 86–87. August 2007.
- ↑ (in ja)Japan Railfan Magazine (Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd.) 54 (639): 84–85. July 2014.
- ↑ "Error: no
|title=
specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in ko). Science Touch on Friday, KRRI. 2008-01-04. http://www.sciencetouch.net/files/ppts/PPT157.pdf. - ↑ "차세대 고속열차 최고시속 421km 기록" (in ko). Yonhap News (Naver). http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=103&oid=001&aid=0006179734.
- ↑ "To tilt or not to tilt". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/travel/story/tilting_train/index.shtml.
- ↑ "15 Jahre Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr" (in de). Deutsche Bahn AG. http://www.db.de/site/hochgeschwindigkeit/de/ice/technik/inspektionsfahrten/inspektionsfahrten.html.
- ↑ Peter Jehle; René Naumann; Rainer Schach (2006) (in de). Transrapid und Rad-Schiene-Hochgeschwindigkeitsbahn: Ein gesamtheitlicher Systemvergleich. Springer. p. 20. ISBN 3-540-28334-X. https://archive.org/details/transrapidundrad00scha_088.
- ↑ "Toot Sweet! - French Train Tops 350 MPH to Break Record". National Union of Rail, Maritime, and Transport Workers (RMT) website. 3 April 2007. http://rmtbristol.org.uk/2007/04/toot_sweet_french_train_tops_3.html.
- ↑ "Sokol can't fly yet". Railway Gazette International. 1 October 2001. http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//sokol-can39t-fly-yet.html.
- ↑ "Talgo: History". www.talgo.com. http://www.talgo.com/htm/historia101.htm.
- ↑ "DSB Litra EB, DSB EB lokomotiv - historie, data, tegning, billeder osv.". https://www.jernbanen.dk/motor.php?s=8&litra=EB&typenr=.
- ↑ oe24.at - ÖBB-Zug "railjet" mit Geschwindigkeitsrekord
- ↑ "APPENDIX 5 : Design Data : High Horsepower Electric Locomotive (for Amtrak, MARC)". Bombardier Transportation. http://www.sonic.net/~mly/Caltrain-Electrification/2000-08-Rolling-Stock-Draft/a5.pdf.
- ↑ "Caltrain Electrification Project", sonic.net: Section 4: ELECTRIC ROLLING STOCK EQUIPMENT POWER, 4.3.1.4 High Horsepower Amtrak/MARC Locomotive, August 2000, http://sonic.net/~mly/Caltrain-Electrification/2000-08-Rolling-Stock-Draft/4.pdf
- ↑ "MARC Riders Advisory Council Meeting Summary Minutes". January 18, 2018. https://s3.amazonaws.com/mta-website-staging/mta-website-staging/files/Community/MARCRAC_Minutes_20178-01-18.pdf.
- ↑ "Penn Line schedule change: April 23". https://mta.maryland.gov/content/penn-line-schedule-change-april-23.
- ↑ "Shanghai Maglev Train (431 km/h) - High Definition Video". http://shanghaichina.ca/video/maglevtrain.html.
- ↑ "Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record with 600 km/h test run". The Guardian. United Kingdom: Guardian News and Media Limited. 21 April 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/21/japans-maglev-train-notches-up-new-world-speed-record-in-test-run.
- ↑ Keith Barrow (17 April 2015). "Japan breaks maglev speed record". International Railway Journal. http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/high-speed/japan-breaks-maglev-speed-record.html?channel=523.
- ↑ Ichihara, Tomohiro (22 April 2015). "Japanese rail company eyes exports to cover maglev costs". Nikkei. http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Japanese-rail-company-eyes-exports-to-cover-maglev-costs.
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.4 "Transrapid design history". https://www.maglev.net/transrapid-design-history.
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of high-speed trains.
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