Engineering:List of transistorized computers

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TRADIC

This is a list of transistorized computers, which were digital computers that used discrete transistors as their primary logic elements. Discrete transistors were a feature of logic design for computers from about 1960, when reliable transistors became economically available, until monolithic integrated circuits displaced them in the 1970s. The list is organized by operational date or delivery year to customers. Computers announced, but never completed, are not included. Some very early "transistor" computers may still have included vacuum tubes in the power supply or for auxiliary functions.

1950s

Harwell CADET

1953

1954

  • Bell Labs TRADIC for U.S. Air Force

1955

  • Harwell CADET demonstrated February 1955, one-off scientific computer

1956

1957

  • Burroughs SM-65 Atlas ICBM Guidance Computer MOD1, AN/GSQ-33 (no relation to Manchester ATLAS)
  • Ramo-Wooldridge (TRW) RW-30 airborne computer[5][6]
  • Univac TRANSTEC,[7] for US Navy
  • Univac ATHENA, US Air Force missile guidance (ground control)
  • IBM 608 transistor calculator (its development was preceded by the prototyping of an experimental all-transistor version of the 604 demonstrated in October 1954), announced 1955, first shipped December 1957
  • DRTE Computer, Canadian experimental system delivered 1957, added parallel math unit and other improvements in 1960.[8]

1958

Philco 2000
NCR 304

1959

IBM 1401

1960s

UNIVAC LARC

1960

1961

IBM 7030

1962

ICT 1301

1963

CDC 3800
PDP-6

1964

SDS 930

1965

NCR 315

1966

CDC 6400

1967

1968

1969

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Used for training and research purposes.
  2. ↑ Revised in 1969 as Cellatron 8205.

References

  1. ↑ Fransman, Martin (1993-02-25) (in en). The Market and Beyond: Cooperation and Competition in Information Technology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN 9780521435253. https://books.google.com/books?id=_6DMnS1Y12cC&q=1954+1956&pg=PA20. 
  2. ↑ Early Computers, Information Processing Society of Japan
  3. ↑ 【Electrotechnical Laboratory】 ETL Mark III Transistor-Based Computer, Information Processing Society of Japan
  4. ↑ Early Computers: Brief History, Information Processing Society of Japan
  5. ↑ Grabbe, E. M. (February 7, 1957), "The Ramo- Wooldridge Corporation", SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS, Instrumentation and Control in the Process Industries Conference, Chicago, p. 5, http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/trw/papers/Grabbe_Some_Recent_Developments_in_Digital_Control_systems_Feb57.pdf 
  6. ↑ (in en) The Michigan Technic. LXXVI. UM Libraries. January 1958. p. 61. https://books.google.com/books?id=DxkkAAAAMAAJ&q=RW-30+computer&pg=PA61. 
  7. ↑ Boslaugh, David L. (2003) (in en). When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 113. ISBN 9780471472209. https://books.google.com/books?id=Mi8MhzheOokC&q=transtec&pg=PA113. 
  8. ↑ "The DRTE Computer". http://friendsofcrc.ca/Projects/DRTEComputer/TheDRTEComputer-p3.html. 
  9. ↑ Saul Rosen (June 1991). PHILCO: Some Recollections of the PHILCO TRANSAC S-2000 (Computer Science Technical Reports / Purdue e-Pubs). https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1890&context=cstech.  Here: page 2
  10. ↑ "READERS' AND EDITOR'S FORUM: The Siemens 2002, MAJER-TRENDEL". Computers and Automation 10 (3): 21. March 1961. http://www.bitsavers.org/magazines/Computers_And_Automation/196103.pdf. 
  11. ↑ "COMPUTERS AND CENTERS, OVERSEAS: 10. Siemens & Halske AG, Siemens 2002, Munich, Germany" (in en). Digital Computer Newsletter 11 (2): 19–23. April 1959. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0694632. 
  12. ↑ "COMPUTERS AND CENTERS, OVERSEAS: 10. Siemens & Halske AG, Siemens 2002, Munich, Germany" (in en). Digital Computer Newsletter 12 (1): 19–20. January 1960. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0694659. 
  13. ↑ Computer Characteristics Quarterly. Adams Associates. 1967. p. 44. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  14. ↑ Weik, Martin H. (March 1961). A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 1115. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61.html#TOC. 
  15. ↑ AUERBACH CORP PHILADELPHIA PA (January 1961). EUROPEAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. A REPORT ON THE INDUSTRY AND THE STATE OF THE ART. p. 346. http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/auerbach/European_EDP_Jan61.pdf. 
  16. ↑ "REFERENCE INFORMATION: A Survey of European Digital Computers, Part 2". Computers and Automation 9 (3): 28–29. March 1960. http://www.bitsavers.org/magazines/Computers_And_Automation/196003.pdf. 
  17. ↑ "COMPUTERS AND CENTERS, OVERSEAS: 1. Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG, ER 56, Stuttgart, Germany" (in en). Digital Computer Newsletter 12 (2): 13–14. April 1960. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0694660. 
  18. ↑ Foulkes, Ron (Summer 2008). "Computers at Metrovick : the MV 950 & AEI 1010". Resurrection - the Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society (43). ISSN 0958-7403. http://www.computerconservationsociety.org/resurrection/res43.htm#f. 
  19. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 12. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  20. ↑ "Control Data Corporation". Computing History. The Minnesota Computing History Project. 15 July 2018. https://mncomputinghistory.com/control-data-corporation/. 
  21. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 44. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  22. ↑ Beck, Robert Mark (30 December 1960). "PB-250 - A High Speed Serial General Purpose Computer Using Magnetostrictive Delay Line Storage" (in en). 1960 Fall Joint Computer Conference. p. 284. doi:10.1109/afips.1960.58. "The first production computer was delivered in October 1960." 
  23. ↑ "PB-250". http://www.rcsri.org/collection/pb-250/. 
  24. ↑ Weik, Martin H. (March 1961). A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 1115. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61.html#TOC. 
  25. ↑ (in en) Programming manual for TRICE and other material on DDA's 2nd edition | 102664334 | Computer History Museum. Packard Bell Electronics. Packard Bell Computer. 3 May 1960. http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102664334. 
  26. ↑ Weik, Martin H. (March 1961). A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 1115. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61.html#TOC. 
  27. ↑ "Packard Bell Computer | Selling the Computer Revolution | Computer History Museum" (in en). http://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/m-p/packard-bell-computer/. 
  28. ↑ "ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK: New Firms, Divisions, and Mergers - ON-CALL DATA VANS FOR HIRE". Computers and Automation XI (7): 28. July 1962. http://www.bitsavers.org/magazines/Computers_And_Automation/196207.pdf. 
  29. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 12. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  30. ↑ "Control Data Corporation Collection - Historical Timeline". http://www.cbi.umn.edu/collections/cdc/histtimeline.html. 
  31. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 12. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  32. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 32. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  33. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 44. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  34. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 44. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  35. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 54. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  36. ↑ "AN/UYK-1 - A "Stored Logic" Multiple Purpose Computer". Ramo-Woolridge. 1961-04-21. http://www.dvq.com/docs/misc/an_uyk-1.pdf. 
  37. ↑ "GIER computer specifications" (in en). http://datamuseum.dk/wiki/GIER/Specifikationer/GIER_computer. 
  38. ↑ AUERBACH CORP PHILADELPHIA PA (January 1961). EUROPEAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. A REPORT ON THE INDUSTRY AND THE STATE OF THE ART. p. 346. http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/auerbach/European_EDP_Jan61.pdf. 
  39. ↑ James P. Anderson; Samuel A. Hoffman; Joseph Shifman; Robert J. Williams (1962), D825 - a multiple-computer system for command & control, Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference, Spartan, pp. 86–96, doi:10.1109/AFIPS.1962.41 
  40. ↑ "advertisement". Datamation (FRANK D. THOMPSON) 8 (11): 12–14. Nov 1962. http://bitsavers.org/magazines/Datamation/196211.pdf. 
  41. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 26. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  42. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 44. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  43. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 44. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  44. ↑ Weik, Martin H. (March 1961). A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 1115. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61.html#TOC. 
  45. ↑ Helfinstein, Bert (1961-02-01). "Programming Manual AN/FSQ-27 (RW-400)". Ramo-Woolridge. http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/trw/rw-400/AN-FSQ-27_RW-400_Programming_Man_Feb61.pdf. 
  46. ↑ "RW-400 Notes". http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/trw/rw-400/RW-400_Notes.pdf. 
  47. ↑ Culler, Glen; Huff, Robert (1962), "Managing Requirements Knowledge, International Workshop on", Solution of Non-Linear Integral Equations Using on-Line Computer Control, Proceedings of the Spring Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco, pp. 129–138, doi:10.1109/AFIPS.1962.26 
  48. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 32. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  49. ↑ "News Briefs in Datamation 1st 601 is on the air at NJ Bell", Datamation (GARDNER F. LANDON) 9 (6): 52, http://bitsavers.org/magazines/Datamation/196306.pdf 
  50. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 62. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  51. ↑ "COMPUTERS AND CENTERS, OVERSEAS: 2. Siemens and Halske A.G., 2002 and 3003 Computing Systems, Munich, Germany" (in en). Digital Computer Newsletter 16 (2): 10–14. Apr 1964. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0694640. 
  52. ↑ "The Air Force comptroller". October 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=0xoSTNZ10q0C&q=CDC+%221604B%22+computer&pg=RA2-PA32. "the 1604B was a three year old second generation computer [in 1967]" 
  53. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 46. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  54. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 26. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  55. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 26. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  56. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 26. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  57. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 30. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  58. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 30. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  59. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 62. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  60. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 12. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  61. ↑ trw :: BR-133 Brochure May64. May 1964. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_trwBR133Br_2262389. 
  62. ↑ "AN/UYK-3 General Purpose Computer". http://www.jproc.ca/rrp/uyk3.html. 
  63. ↑ Reference Manual Control Data 1604-Computer. CDC. http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/1604/60016700F_1604-C_Reference_Nov67.pdf. 
  64. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 26. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  65. ↑ Jones, Douglas W.. "The PDP-8". THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA Department of Computer Science. http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/pdp8/models/#PDP8S. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Davis, E.M. (April 1964). "Solid Logic Technology: Versatile, High-Performance Microelectronics". IBM Journal of Research and Development 8 (2): 102–114. doi:10.1147/rd.82.0102. "A new microelectronics technique called Solid Logic Technology, or SLT, is utilized in the new family of IBM/360 computers. This new technology provides a hybrid, integrated circuit module which combines discrete, glass-encapsulated silicon transistors and diodes with stencil-screened land patterns and precision passive components.". 
  67. ↑ "Electronic Digital Computer Ural-11 (Урал-11)". http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/ural_11.php. 
  68. ↑ "Electronic Digital Computer Ural-14 (Урал-14)". http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/ural_14.php. 
  69. ↑ "Electronic Digital Computer Ural-16 (Урал-16)". http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/ural_16.php. 
  70. ↑ "BI-TRAN SIX ad". Computers and Automation. March 1965. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_computersA_9556582/page/n9?q=%22This+computer+does+absolutely+nothing%22. 
  71. ↑ "COMPUTER SCHEMATICS: 4. Bi-Tran Six" (in en). Amateur Computer Society Newsletter (1): 4. Aug 1966. http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102654910. 
  72. ↑ "AnyCPU - View topic - Early trainer computers from 1965 and 1972" (in en-gb). http://www.anycpu.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=542. 
  73. ↑ "FABRI-TEK INTRODUCES NEW CONTROL KEYBOARD CONSOLE FOR BI-TRAN SIX COMPUTER". Computers and Automation: 61. October 1968. https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_computersA_9801715. 
  74. ↑ "Imgur BI-TRAN SIX image galleries" (in en). https://imgur.com/search?q=%22BI-TRAN+SIX%22. 
  75. ↑ Georghiou, Luke; Evans, Janet; Ray, Tim; Metcalfe, J. Stanley; Gibbons, Michael (1986-03-10). "PART II CASE-STUDIES: 9. Ferranti: Monolithic Microcircuits" (in en). Post-Innovation Performance: Technological Development and Competition. Springer. pp. 146–156. ISBN 9781349074556. https://books.google.com/books?id=e5WwCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22myriad%22+%22micronor%22&pg=PA148. 
  76. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 62. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  77. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 24. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  78. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 30. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  79. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 30. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  80. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 30. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  81. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 62. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  82. ↑ "Computer D4A" (in de). http://www.robotrontechnik.de/html/computer/d4a.htm. 
  83. ↑ "Rechenautomaten mit Trommelspeicher" (in de). http://www.fv-tsd.de/index.php?id=42. 
  84. ↑ (in de) Robotron Erzeugnislisten. pp. 5. https://archive.org/stream/RobotronErzeugnislisten/ErzeugnisseRobotron#page/n3/mode/2up/search/d4a. 
  85. ↑ "Mercedes Büromaschinen-Werke in Zella-Mehlis – Rechenschieber.org" (in de-DE). 2009. pp. 22–28. http://www.rechenschieber.org/2009/04/mercedes-bueromaschinen-werke-in-zella-mehlis/. 
  86. ↑ "Das Leben und Wirken von Prof. N. J. Lehmann" (in de). pp. 15–19. http://www.math.tu-dresden.de/wir/staff/ludwig/ludwig.html#B. 
  87. ↑ "Computer Characteristics Quarterly". Adams Associates. 1967. p. 32. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/AdamsReport1967Q1-2.pdf. 
  88. ↑ (in en) U.S. Government Research & Development Reports. National Technical Information Service. 1971. pp. 102. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pm8Z44D8xTkC&q=%22M-54%22&pg=PA102. 



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