Engineering:Mercedes-Benz E-Class

Short description: Motor vehicle

Mercedes-Benz E-Class
Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W214)
Overview
Manufacturer	Daimler-Benz (1993–1998) DaimlerChrysler (1998–2007) Daimler AG (2007–2022) Mercedes-Benz Group (2022–present)
Production	1953–present (E-Class nomenclature adopted since 1993)
Body and chassis
Class	Executive car (E)
Layout	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive or all-wheel-drive
Chronology
Predecessor	Mercedes-Benz W124 (pre-facelift models, 1984–1993)

The Mercedes-Benz E-Class is a range of executive cars manufactured by German automaker Mercedes-Benz in various engine and body configurations. Produced since 1953, the E-Class falls midrange in the Mercedes line-up, and has been marketed worldwide across five generations.

Before 1993, the E in Mercedes-Benz nomenclature was a suffix following a vehicle's model number which stood for Einspritzmotor (German for fuel injection engine). It began to appear in the early 1960s, when that feature began to be utilized broadly in the maker's product line, and not just in its upper-tier luxury and sporting models. By the launch of the facelifted W124 in 1993 fuel injection was ubiquitous in Mercedes engines, and the E was adopted as a prefix (i.e., E 220). The model line is referred to officially as the E-Class (or E-Klasse). All generations of the E-Class have offered either rear-wheel drive or Mercedes' 4Matic four-wheel drive system.

The E-Class is Mercedes-Benz' best-selling model, with more than 13 million sold by 2015. The first E-Class series was originally available as four-door sedan, five-door station wagon, two-door coupe and two-door convertible. From 1997 to 2009, the equivalent coupe and convertible were sold under the Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class nameplate; which was based on the mechanical underpinnings of the smaller C-Class while borrowing the styling and some powertrains from the E-Class, a trend continued with the C207 E-Class coupe/convertible which was sold parallel to the W212 E-Class sedan/wagon. With the latest incarnation of the E-Class released for the 2017 model year, all body styles share the same W213 platform.

Due to the E-Class's size and durability, it has filled many market segments, from personal cars to frequently serving as taxis in European countries, as well special-purpose vehicles (e.g., police or ambulance modifications) from the factory. In November 2020, the W213 E-Class was awarded the 2021 Motor Trend Car of the Year award, a first for Mercedes-Benz.

Predecessors

Mercedes 190D (W120)

Mercedes Benz (W110)

Mercedes-Benz (W115)

Mercedes-Benz (W123)

W120 (1953)

The first modern midsize Mercedes was the W120 'Ponton' 180 of 1953 and was produced until 1962. Sharing its engineering with the R121 190 SL of 1955, the Ponton was a stylish sedan with a four-cylinder engine. A larger-engined W121 190 appeared in 1958.

W110 (1961)

Mercedes added tailfins to both the big S-Class and the new W110 'Fintail' 190 of 1962. In the 1965 230 model a Straight-6 engine appeared for the first time, and the four-cylinder engine grew in displacement.

W114, W115 (1968)

The midsize Mercedes was redesigned in 1968 as the W114/W115 'Stroke-8'. This time, the 6-cylinder models (The W114s) were most prevalent, with the W115 line making up the bottom of the company's offerings with four- and five-cylinder power. Diesel engines joined the line-up, as did a coupé body.

W123 (1975)

The popular W123 quickly became a best-seller on its launch in 1976. Especially in diesel powered 200D and 240D (also the five-cylinder 300D) guises, the cars enhanced the company's reputation for product quality. Over 2.6 million were produced until the end of production in 1986. Saloon/Sedan, Coupé, and Estate body configurations were offered.

W124 (1984)

The W124 was presented in November 1984 and introduced several new standards for a mid-size Mercedes. It was the third car to inherit the company's new design theme since the late 1970s, following the flagship W126 and compact W201.

Similar to its predecessors, the W124 also offered a coupé and estate body styles. A new convertible (internally A124) was also available, making it the first mid-size Mercedes convertible.

E-Class

First generation (W124; 1993)

Mercedes-Benz W124 (sedan)

The "E-Class" name first appeared with the facelifted W124 in 1993 for the model year 1994 (the W124 was introduced in 1984 but continued with the older naming convention until 1993 when all Mercedes-Benz models switched to a new system, e.g. E 320 instead of 300 E). The diesel versions continued to be the fuel economy option over the four and six-cylinder gasoline engines, and the gasoline V8 engines (available after 1992) increased gasoline power outputs further. Four-cylinder gasoline models were not marketed in the United States. The V8-powered sedans/saloons were named 400 E/500 E from 1990 to 1993, and E 420/E 500 after 1993. Likewise, the 3.0-liter cars (e.g. 300 E) were also rebadged to E 320 with the new 3.2-liter M104 engines and naming rationalization of 1994. For the diesel models, the name change was less elegant, with the 250 D becoming the E 250 Diesel for example.

Sedan (W124), Coupé (C124), Convertible (A124), and Estate (S124) body configurations were offered.

Second generation (W210; 1995)

Mercedes-Benz W210 (Maryland, USA)

The W210 E-Class, launched in 1995, brought the line firmly into the upper end of the mid-size luxury market.

The E-class made major changes compared to the earlier version of the E-class, including four large oval headlights, which gave Mercedes an updated image intended to attract more younger buyers and women. The new E-class was 1.6 in (4.1 cm) longer and 2.3 in (5.8 cm) wider and offered significantly more interior room but was still considered mid-size.

In September 1999, the W210 E-class was facelifted. This included visual, mechanical, and quality improvements over the earlier versions.

The Mercedes-Benz E-Class was Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year for 1996.

While the W210 sedan was replaced by the W211 in 2002, the wagon version continued to be sold until March 2003 when the S211 wagon returned the S210 wagon.

Third generation (W211; 2002)

Mercedes-Benz W211

Launched in 2002, the W211 E-Class was another evolution of the previous model.

The W211-based C219 CLS-Class 4-door coupe was introduced as a niche model in 2005, primarily to attract a younger demographic.

The W211 E-Class was facelifted in June 2006 for the 2007 model year to address quality and technical issues raised by earlier models, Sensotronic was dropped, while Pre-Safe (w/o brake support) was made standard. The largest factory-built engine in the E-class range is the E500, which had its engine size increased from 5 liters to 5.5 liters in 2006 (becoming the E550) along with the facelift. There are also AMG models badged E55 and E63, AMG as well as other tuning house installations.

Fourth generation (2009)

Sedan and wagon (W212)

Mercedes-Benz E 250 (W212)[1]

The W212 replaced the W211 in 2009 (as a 2010 model). Official photos of the W212 were leaked on the internet on 9 December 2008 ahead of its 2009 Geneva Motor Show unveiling. Scans of a leaked brochure were posted onto the internet in January 2009, detailing the whole E-Class range including the new E 200 CGI and E 230 CGI with direct injected forced induction engines. New features included a blind spot monitor, Lane Keeping Assist, Pre-safe with Attention Assist, and Night View Assist Plus. In the United States the E-Class was priced nearly US$4,600 less than the previous model. The W212 estate was also announced and available from November 2009.

In 2013, the E-Class was comprehensively facelifted, featuring significant styling changes, fuel economy improvements, and updated safety features. Daimler invested close to €1 billion into the development of the extensive refresh, making it likely the most expensive mid-life facelift in the history of the automobile. The biggest change was the singular front lights replacing the twin headlamp design (marking the end of Mercedes's dual headlamps use) with integrated LED DRLs. Although not an all-new model, the W212 facelift was the only mid-cycle refresh featured on a family portrait of several generations of the E-Class side by side by Mercedes-Benz for the unveiling of the W213 E-Class. While the factory has rated the E63S model at 577 hp/590 tq, there is significant real-world dynamometer testing that indicates the AMG-tuned S model exceeds 600 hp at the flywheel.

Coupe and convertible (C207/A207)

Mercedes-Benz E 250 Sport CDi BlueEFFICIENCY (UK; C207)

The coupé (C207) was first shown at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show, while the convertible (A207) was unveiled at the 2010 North American International Auto Show. Both models replaced the previous C209/A209 CLK-Class models. The C207/A207 E-Class is based on the W204 C-Class platform, and is produced alongside each other in the Bremen plant.

Fifth generation (W213; 2016)

Mercedes-AMG E53 (W213 facelift)

The fifth generation E-Class was unveiled at the 2016 North American International Auto Show. The next generation E-Class has design cues from the larger W222 S-Class and the smaller W205 C-Class. While the W212 E-Class has tighter surface and harder edges, the new model is curvier and more flowing.

Engine options for the W213 E-Class saw a major update, thanks to the switch to inline-6 cylinder engines from the previous V6 engines, along with a new generation of four-cylinder diesel engines, codenamed OM654, and existing four-cylinder petrol engines.

The W213 E-Class is the second most technologically advanced Mercedes after the new S-Class. The E-Class received the latest in autonomous driving technology for use at highway speeds, capable of piloting itself up to speeds of 130 mph (210 km/h) for up to 2 minutes. The system uses a complex array of motion sensors, radars, and cameras to scan the road ahead, and requires the driver's hands to be placed on the wheel at all times. This feature was also available on the 4th generation Mercedes-AMG E 63 model.

In 2020, Mercedes-Benz introduced a facelift to the W213.

Sixth generation (W214; 2023)

Mercedes-Benz E 400e (W214)

The sixth generation E-Class debuted on April 25, 2023. Starting from this generation, coupés and convertibles will no longer bear the E-Class name. E-Class and C-Class coupés and convertibles will be spun off into their own CLE vehicle.

Production and sales

Year	Production (sedan/estate/coupe/convertible)	Sales
		U.S.	Europe	China
2001		44,445	128,208
2002		42,598	156,317
2003		55,683	191,809
2004		58,954	171,071
2005		50,383	125,348
2006		50,195	110,494
2007		48,950	109,872
2008		38,576	77,661
2009		43,072	100,947	8,200
2010	323,200 (208,400 / 44,400 / 49,600 / 20,800)	60,922	139,192	40,760
2011	338,386	62,736	129,963	44,738
2012	310,408	65,171	98,142	36,385
2013		69,803	106,559	36,836
2014	- (257,571 / - / - )	66,400	99,565	43,708
2015	232,453	55,888		57,853
2016	304,200	50,896
2017		51,312
2018		46,422
2019		69
2020		?

References

Bibliography

General

• Clarke, R.M., ed (2011). Mercedes-Benz E-Class W124 1985–1995. Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN 9781855208896. 
• Frommann, Jens (2014) (in de). Mercedes W 124: Typengeschichte und Technik. München: GeraMond. ISBN 9783862456581. 
• Liebl, Johannes, ed (2017) (in de). Mercedes-Benz E-Klasse: Entwicklung und Technik des W213. ATZ/MTZ-Typenbuch series. Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Vieweg. ISBN 9783658184421. 
• Pitt, Colin, ed (2003). Mercedes-Benz E-Class. Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books. ISBN 1841551406. 
•      (2005). Mercedes-Benz W124 Enthusiasts Guide. Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books. ISBN 1841555355. 
• Pitt, Colin, ed (2007). Mercedes-Benz W124 Series 1985–1997: Sedan, Coupe, Convertible. Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books. ISBN 9781841556529. 
• St. Antoine, Arthur. "Magnum Force". Car and Driver (April 1992): 47–56. 
•        (2015). Mercedes-Benz W124: The Complete Story. Crowood AutoClassic Series. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. ISBN 9781847979537. 
• Vieweg, Christof (1999) (in de). Alles über die Mercedes-Benz E-Klasse Limousine und T-Modell. Technik transparent series (3rd ed.). Stuttgart: DaimlerChrysler. ISBN 3932786092. 
• Zoporowski, Tobias (2016). Mercedes-Benz W124: All models 1984 to 1997. The Essential Buyer's Guide series. Dorchester, Dorset, UK: Veloce Publishing. ISBN 9781845848774. 

Workshop manuals

• Drayton, Spencer; Coombs, Mark; Rendle, Steve (1996). Mercedes Benz 124 Series (85–93) Service and Repair Manual. Haynes Service and Repair Manual Series. Sparkford, UK: Haynes. ISBN 1859602533. 
• Etzold, Rüdiger (1999) (in de). Mercedes E-Klasse: Typ W124, 200 bis E 320 von 1/85 bis 6/95. So wird's gemacht, Band 54 (9th ed.). Bielefield, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN 3768805379. 
•         (1999) (in de). Mercedes E-Klasse Diesel: Typ W124, 200D bis 300TD von 1/85 bis 6/95. So wird's gemacht, Band 55 (8th ed.). Bielefield, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN 3768805387. 
• Korp, Dieter (2008) (in de). Mercedes-Benz: 200 D/250 D/300 D Dezember '84 bis Juni '93 / E 200/250/300 Diesel ab Juli '93. Jetzt helfe ich mir selbst series, Band 123. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 9783613011557. 
•       (2011) (in de). Mercedes-Benz: 200 – 320 E, E 200 – 320 200/200 E / 230 E / 260 E / 280 E /300 E / 300 E-24 / 320 E Dezember '84 bis Juni '93. E 200 / 220 / 280 / 320 Juli '93 bis Juni '95 200/230 E/260 E/300 E ab Dezember '84. Jetzt helfe ich mir selbst series, Band 124 (6th ed.). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 9783613011564. 
• Ritter, Stu (2002). Mercedes-Benz E-Class Owner's Bible: 1986–1995. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. ISBN 0837602300. 
• Russek, Peter (1991). Mercedes 124 Series 200, 200E, 200T, 200TE, 230E, 230CE. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN 0907779018. 
•        (1994). Mercedes 200, 250, 300D Series 124. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN 1898780447. 
•        (2006). Mercedes-Benz E-Class: W124 Series 1993–1995 / W210 Series 1995–2000 / 4- and 6-Cyl. Engines. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN 1898780978. 
•        (2008). Mercedes-Benz E-class: Petrol W124 & W210 Workshop Manual 1993–2000. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN 9781855207684. 
• Mercedes W124 Owners Workshop Manual: 1985–1995. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 1998. ISBN 9780837612140. 
• (in de) Mercedes Serie 124 ab Baujahr 1985 / 200 / 200 T / 230 E / 230 TE. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 906. (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2012. ISBN 9783716817377. 
• (in de) Mercedes Diesel Serie 124 ab Baujahr 1985 / 200 D / 250 D / 300 D. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 919. (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2012. ISBN 9783716817438. 
• (in de) Mercedes Serie W124 Vier- und Sechszylindermotoren Baujahre 1985 bis 1992. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 1211. (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2000. ISBN 3716819379. 
• (in de) Mercedes E-Klasse 1993 bis 1995 (Serie W124) 1995 bis 1997 (Serie W210). Reparaturanleitung series, Band 1224. (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2000. ISBN 3716819646. 

External links

• Official website (United Kingdom)