Engineering:Ruger Standard

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Short description: Semi-automatic pistol
Ruger Standard
Ruger Standard Pistol wood grips.jpg
Blued Ruger Standard model with wood grips
TypeSemi-automatic pistol
Place of originUnited States
Production history
DesignerWilliam Ruger
Designed1949
ManufacturerSturm, Ruger
Produced1949–present
Variants
  • MK I Target
  • MK II
  • MK II Target
  • MK II Government Target
  • Competition model
  • MK III
  • MK III Target
  • 22/45
  • MK IV
Specifications
Barrel length
  • 4 in (10 cm)
  • 4.75 in (12.1 cm)
  • 5.25 in (13.3 cm)
  • 5.5 in (14 cm)
  • 6 in (15 cm)
  • 6.875 in (17.46 cm)
  • 10 in (25 cm)
Cartridge.22 Long Rifle
Actionblowback
Feed system9- or 10-round box magazine
SightsOpen iron sights, both fixed and adjustable

The Ruger Standard Model is a rimfire semi-automatic pistol introduced in 1949 as the first product manufactured by Sturm, Ruger & Co., and was the founding member of a product line of .22 Long Rifle cartridge handguns, including its later iterations: the MK II, MK III, and MK IV. It is marketed as an inexpensive .22 caliber rimfire intended for casual sport and target shooting, and plinking. Designed by company founder William B. Ruger, the Standard model and its offspring went on to become the most accepted and successful .22 caliber semi-automatic pistols ever produced.[1][2]

Development

William B. Ruger's Standard Pistol 1951 Design Patent Drawing

Sometime in the years following World War II, firearm designer and entrepreneur Bill Ruger acquired a pair of World War II Japanese Nambu pistols from a returning US Marine, which he successfully duplicated in his garage.[3] Using the Nambu's silhouette and bolt system, Ruger produced his first prototype, but lacked the venture capital necessary to fund its introduction. When his affluent friend and potential financial backer Alex Sturm was shown the 1949 prototype Ruger had created, he was impressed by its sleek traditional aesthetic and its slight resemblance to the classic nostalgia-evoking German Luger P08 pistol.

Realizing that prospective buyers would share his sentiment, Sturm quickly signed on board with an initial investment of $50,000 and the two teamed to create what was to become an iconic American firearms manufacturing company, Sturm, Ruger & Co.[1][2] Ruger's new product was simply christened the "Standard" model. Intended as a low-cost recreation and sporting product for outdoor, hunting and firearms enthusiasts, Ruger pioneered a number of simple and innovative manufacturing techniques used in the production of the new pistol, including using piano wire coiled springs in the lockwork in lieu of the flat springs most manufacturers were using at the time, and forming the receivers from two stamped and welded sheet metal halves.

These practices worked well with a firearm which needed to handle only .22 rimfire pressures, and the cost savings it produced allowed Sturm and Ruger to radically undersell the competition which still used older and more expensive manufacturing techniques.[2] Financier Sturm, an amateur heraldry aficionado, made his own contribution in the form of the company's trademark "Red Eagle" coat of arms emblem, which was featured as a medallion on the left grip panel.[1][2] A favorable review published in the American Rifleman magazine penned by the notable firearms authority Major General Julian S. Hatcher, coupled with a subdued advertisement printed in the same magazine, resulted in a great deal of interest from the public.[1] The suggested retail price for the new pistol was a reasonable and very competitive US$37.50.[4]

Checks from would-be purchasers soon rolled in, but as Ruger was firmly entrenched in the "old school" of financial responsibility, none were cashed until product actually shipped, set a standard for "in the black" operation which would serve the company well in the future. In a few months the seed money was all spent, but by then the first 100 Standard pistols had been built and distributed to the initial purchasers.[2]

From the time of its introduction in the fall of 1949, the new pistol was a success, and though it faced competition from the beginning, it soon dominated a large share of the rimfire pistol market segment. Unfortunately, Alex Sturm did not survive to see the corporation's ultimate success, suffering an untimely demise from viral hepatitis in November 1951.[2] In memory of, and as a mark of respect and bereavement, Ruger ordered the background of Sturm's eagle emblem changed from red to black on future production models of the popular and successful firearm they produced and marketed together.[1][2]

The Standard model remained in continuous production with minor improvements for the next 33 years, but the new corporation expanded the basic Standard archetype into a product line of pistols over time by the introduction of a number of variant models. These took the form of offering additional barrel lengths and configurations, creating versions optimized for target shooting, and adding the finish option of stainless steel. The line was also refined with three mechanical "Mark" series upgrades, the MkII, MkIII and MkIV, in 1982, 2004 and 2016[2] The MkII added a slide stop that held the slide open on the last round, and also was available in stainless steel. The MKII was available in a number of barrel lengths; 4.75 in (12.1 cm) and 6 in (15 cm) lightweight barrels; 4 in (10 cm), 5.5 in (14 cm), 6.875 in (17.46 cm) and 10 in (25 cm) bull barrels, and 5.25 in (13.3 cm) and 6.875 in (17.46 cm) heavy tapered barrels. All guns with bull or heavy tapered barrels are Target models, and are equipped with target sights consisting of an adjustable rear sight and a taller, wider front sight, with an aggressive undercut to reduce glare. In 1999 18 versions of this popular pistol could be found in the Sturm Ruger catalog, and with over 2 million sold it eventually became the most prolific and well-liked .22 automatic pistol of all time.[1][2]

Criminal use

The Ruger Standard has been used in several notable crimes:

  • Patrick Sherril used a Ruger MK II among other firearms in the Edmond post office shooting in 1986 and killed 14 people and injured 6 more.[5][6]
  • Michael Carneal used a Ruger Mark II in the 1997 Heath High School shooting and killed three people and injured five more.[7]
  • Kip Kinkel used a Ruger Mark II among other firearms in the Thurston High School shooting in 1998 and killed 4 people and injured 25 more.[8]
  • Marcus Wesson used a Ruger MK II to murder his 9 children in 2004.[9]
  • Jeff Weise used a Ruger Mk II, among other firearms, in the 2005 Red Lake shootings and killed 9 people and injured 5 more,[10] which revived the public discussion about the use of Prozac for children and adolescents. The Food and Drug Administration had published a warning about it in October 2004 as a factor in increased suicides and violence among youths.[11]
  • T.J. Lane used a Ruger MK III in the 2012 Chardon High School shooting that killed three people and injured three others.[12][13]
  • Gabriel Ross Parker used a Ruger MK II in the 2018 Marshall County High School shooting, killing two people and injuring 14 more.[14]
  • A 13-year old used a Ruger Standard variant (imprecisely identified—reported as "Ruger MK") along with another firearm in the Belgrade school shooting in 2023, killing ten people and injuring six.[15][16][17]

Features

Standard (1949-1982)

Ruger Standard pistol, with aftermarket adjustable sights, made in 1963

The Standard model is an atypical design, lacking the slide found on conventional pistols, instead sporting a cylindrical bolt which cycles inside a tubular receiver in a manner more characteristic of a rimfire rifle. The bolt of the pistol features protruding "ears" at its rear which are grasped and pulled rearward to feed the initial round and cock the action. Using the basic blowback form of operation, the Standard model originally came with a blued carbon steel finish and was equipped with a 4.75-inch (12.1 cm) tapered barrel.

The magazine held 9 rounds of .22 Long Rifle ammunition and was held in place by a catch on the bottom of the grip frame. Standard models came with Patridge style fixed iron open sights with the rear sight securely mounted in a dovetail. The grip panels were hard black checkered Butaprene synthetic rubber, with pre-1950 pistols featuring the "Red Eagle" trademark as originally designed by Alex Sturm. The manual safety on the Standard model could be engaged only when the pistol was cocked, and the bolt could be locked open by activating the safety with the bolt held back.[2]

The bolt was left "in the white" with the unfinished steel providing a visual contrast with the blued receiver.[1] In 1954 a new model with a barrel length of 6 inches was added to the Standard lineup.[2] In 1971, one of the few engineering changes ever made to the Standard model took place when the original 22-year-old receiver forming dies wore out.[2] As a precursor to changes to come with the 1982 introduction of the MK II series, the slot for the magazine follower extension on the grip frame was moved from the right to the left side.

Designated the "A 100" frame modification, this alteration facilitated the eventual improvement of the Standard pistol by the addition of a bolt hold open device as part of the eventual MK II upgrade.[2] The pistol grip panels and magazines from older Standard models can not be used on post-1971 pistols due to this change, but the later magazines can still be used on pre-1971 guns by moving the magazine follower button to the opposite side.[2] As the Standard model reached the end of its product lifecycle in 1981, a special edition run of 5000 4.75-inch pistols built of stainless steel were manufactured. These pistols were shipped in special wooden cases and featured an engraving of Bill Ruger's signature.[2]

MK I Target (1950–1982)

Ruger Mk Target
A Copy of the Ruger MK I Target

Introduced in 1950, the MK I Target model was basically the same as the Standard pistol, except that it boasted a 6.875-inch (17.46 cm) barrel, adjustable target style trigger, a "Micro" adjustable rear sight, and a front sight blade undercut to reduce glare.[2] In 1952, a 5.25-inch (13.3 cm) barreled version of the MK I Target was added to the lineup, but manufactured only through 1957, making it a collectible rarity today.[2] A 5.5-inch (14 cm) heavy bull barreled version of the MK I Target became available in 1963, eventually becoming the most popular length for Ruger Target MK pistols.[2] Like their Standard model brethren, target models underwent the A 100 grip frame redesign in 1971.[2]

MK II

Ruger MK II
Ruger Mark II Target 22 LR.jpg
Ruger Mark II Target
TypeSemi-automatic pistol
Place of originUnited States
Production history
ManufacturerSturm, Ruger & Co.
Produced1982—2005
No. built3,000,000+
Specifications
Mass46 oz. (w/​6 7⁄8 in bull barrel)
Length11 1/8 in (w/​6 7⁄8 in bull barrel)
Ruger Mark II with 5.5 barrel in Stainless made in 1991.

The MK II ("Mark Two") was made from 1982 to 2005. It replaced the Standard, Ruger's first model, made from 1949 to 1982, and the MK I Target, made from 1951 to 1982. MK II variations include the Target models, which have heavier barrels and adjustable sights, and the 22/45 models, which have a polymer frame with a grip-angle that matches the Colt 1911 rather than the steel frame's Luger P08–like layout. Three barrel types were available. Taper barrels were available in ​4 3⁄4″,​5 1⁄4″, 6″, and ​6 7⁄8″ lengths, and could be equipped with fixed sights in any length or adjustable sights on 6″ and ​6 7⁄8″ length barrels. Bull barrels were available on the Mark II in ​5 1⁄2″, ​6 7⁄8″, and 10″ lengths and all had adjustable sights. The slab-sided target models were available with ​5 1⁄2″ and ​6 7⁄8″ barrels and had adjustable sights. All Ruger Mark II pistols were available in either a blued finish or stainless steel except for the slab side Target Models, which only came in stainless. The MK II was removed from production in 2004, when it was replaced by the MK III. All Ruger rimfire pistols are chambered in .22 Long Rifle only.

Variants

Title II AWC TM-Amphibian "S" integrally-suppressed variant used by U.S. Navy SEALs
Ruger Mark II Stainless Slab side Competition Target Model .22 LR pistol with a Volquartsen profiled slab side V-Comp compensator, reflex sight mounted on a Volquartsen Weaver-style rail, ​6 7⁄8 in precision-crowned barrel, and checkered thumb-rest target grips

Some special variants that command higher prices are the Government Target Model, a model that was used for pistol training and competition by the United States Army,[citation needed] and the Red Eagle models, which were made from 1949 to the year of company co-founder Alexander Sturm's death, in 1951. The Red Eagle models had the Ruger logo in red on a silver background. Since then, the Ruger logo on the grip panels has been either black on silver or silver on black, with the exception of a special 50th Anniversary model that had a silver eagle on a red background. The top-of-the-line Government Target Model comes with a 6.875 in (17.46 cm) bull barrel and wood thumb-rest target grips. The competition Target Model is identical to the Government Target Model with the addition feature of flats cut along each side of the barrel to reduce weight. Sometime during the span of Mark II production, Ruger started drilling its receivers for and providing a low profile scope base, and 1″ scope rings. With the addition of a pistol scope or red dot sight, these make ideal entry level bullseye pistol.

The suppressed Mk II was used by United States Navy SEALs.[18] This variant is considerably quieter than a standard Mk II and accurate to 70 m (230 ft).[19]

The AWC TM-Amphibian "S" is an integrally-suppressed variant of the Ruger Mk II Target .22 LR pistol. The sound suppressor uses a primary baffle of 303 stainless steel and a secondary baffle of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The AWC weapon manual states, "This suppressor is 'Amphibious' and can be fired with water. A couple of tablespoons of water can be poured into the suppressor for extra quiet operation."[20] It uses both standard and high velocity ammunition reliably and is finished in U.S. Navy spec stainless-matte finish. The pistol has an overall length of 13.25 in (33.7 cm), a suppressor length of 7 in (18 cm), a diameter of 1 in (2.5 cm) and weighs 41 oz (1,200 g).[21] This weapon is classified in the U.S. as a Title II weapon and requires a $200 transfer or manufacture tax in addition to registration with the ATF.

MK III

Ruger MK III
Ruger mkiii bull.jpg
The Ruger MK III Target with 5​1⁄2" bull barrel
TypeSemi-automatic pistol
Place of originUnited States
Production history
ManufacturerSturm, Ruger & Co.
Produced2004—2016
VariantsSee Models
Specifications
Mass31–45 oz (880–1,280 g)[22]
Length9–11.12 in (229–282 mm)[22]
Barrel length4.75–6.88 in (121–175 mm)[22]
Cartridge.22 Long Rifle
Barrels1:16" Right hand twist[22]

The MK III ("Mark Three") is the third-generation successor to the original Ruger Standard. The MK III replaced the MK II in 2004, and production of the MK III ended on December 8, 2016; it was succeeded by the MK IV.

Changes from the Mark II

  • Addition of a visible loaded chamber indicator on the left side.
  • Magazine release moved, from bottom of the grip to behind trigger guard.
  • All Mark III pistols with adjustable sights are drilled and tapped for a Weaver-style scope base which ships with the pistol.[23]
  • A new magazine disconnect prevents the pistol from being fired with the magazine removed from the pistol.
  • An internal safety lock has been added. Using a key, the safety can be locked in the "safe" position.
  • Shorter tapered bolt ears.
  • A smoothly contoured ejection port profile.

Models

Two types of MK III pistols were produced.

Mark III

Stainless steel Ruger Mark III with magazine

The first lineup is simply known as Mark III. The pistol's barrel is made from steel bar and is threaded into the receiver which is made from steel tube. The barrel is not removable without machining, though. The layout is similar to the Luger P08, although the operating mechanism was originally copied from the Nambu pistol.

  • The high-end model is known as the Hunter. This pistol features a stainless steel frame and comes with either a 4.5-inch, 5.5-inch (a distributor exclusive), or a 6.875-inch fluted bull barrel, fiber-optic front sight, adjustable, V-notch rear sights, and half-checkered cocobolo wood grip. It features multiple safety mechanisms, and includes a visible loaded chamber indicator (The first ever included in a .22 rimfire pistol)[citation needed] as well as internal and external keyed locks provided.
  • The next pistol in the lineup is named Competition. It too has a stainless steel frame and 6.875-inch slab sided bull barrel, and adjustable rear sights; the pistol also has the cocobolo grip with thumb rest.
  • Target is the next Mark III. This pistol has a stainless or blued finish, a 5.5" bull barrel, adjustable rear sights, and black plastic grips on the blued finish and Cocobolo grips on the stainless finish.
  • The bull barrel pistol comes in stainless steel or blued finish. It has a heavier barrel to help keep the barrel from overheating and to minimize recoil. It has a 5.5-inch barrel and adjustable rear sights.
  • Finally, the Standard Mark III has a tapered barrel, black plastic handgrips and a blued finish. It comes with either a 6-inch or 4.75-inch barrel. It has fixed sights.
Ruger Mark III Lineup
Catalog

number

Model Finish Sight Length Approx.

weight

Blued Stainless Rear Front Barrel Overall
Standard MKIII4 Standard * Fixed Fixed 4​3⁄4" 9" 35 oz
MKIII6 Standard * Fixed Fixed 6" 10​3⁄4" 37 oz
Target MKIII512 Bull Bbl. * Adjustable Fixed 5​1⁄2" 9​3⁄4" 42 oz
KMKIII512 Bull Bbl. * Adjustable Fixed 5​1⁄2" 9​3⁄4" 42 oz
KMKIII678GC Competition * Adjustable Fixed 6​7⁄8" 11​1⁄8" 45 oz
KMKIII678H Hunter * Adjustable HiViz fiber optic 6​7⁄8" 11​1⁄8" 41 oz
KMKIII45H Hunter * Adjustable HiViz fiber optic 4​1⁄2" 8​3⁄4" 38 oz

Mark III 22/45

Mark III 22/45 with 5.5" bull barrel
Mark III 22/45 Lite
Mark III 22/45 Lite custom with a holosight and barrel compensator

The second lineup is named Mark III 22/45. These pistols have a polymer frame, and the steel barrel is installed nearly permanently into a tubular steel receiver. The grip angle emulates that of a M1911.

  • The current high-end model, the Mk III 22/45 Lite, was introduced at the 2012 SHOT Show. The main features include a light-weight aluminum upper receiver, material reduction on the upper receiver for enhanced appearance and further weight savings, a steel barrel that has been threaded ​1⁄2"-28 for a compensator or suppressor, and user replaceable grips. Finally, the receiver of the Lite model is drilled and tapped for a Weaver rail section included in the packaging.
  • The previous high-end model is known as the Hunter. This pistol features a stainless steel 4.5-inch or 6.875-inch fluted bull barrel, HiViz fiber optic front sight, and adjustable rear sights. This model was discontinued for 2012.
  • The Target pistol comes in a few different variations. It has a heavier barrel to limit overheating, reduce recoil, and increase accuracy.
    • Stainless steel 5.5-inch barrel and adjustable rear sights (Discontinued in 2012).
    • Blued finish with 5.5-inch barrel and adjustable rear sights.
    • Blued finish with 4-inch barrel and adjustable rear sights.
    • Blued finish with 5.5-inch barrel, fixed rear sights, and replaceable Checkered Cocobolo grips.
    • Several models previously sold as Bull Barrel and Slab Side models had their names changed or were entirely discontinued when Ruger changed their catalog to reflect the Target lineup.
  • The Threaded Barrel models are very similar in configuration to the Target models, but with a threaded barrel for the addition of a compensator or suppressor. These models also feature user replaceable grips and the option of either adjustable target sights or Picatinny rails.
  • Distributor Exclusive models are specially made versions of the Mk III 22/45 released through certain distributors. For the 2012 lineup, these models include:
    • A Target model with a "Water Dog" Brown Digital Camo lower receiver.
    • A Target model with a fluted barrel and adjustable rear sights.
    • A Target model with a fluted barrel and adjustable fiber optic rear sights.
Ruger Mark III 22/45 lineup (as of June 2012)
Catalog

Number

Model Finish Sight Length Approx.

weight

Blued Stainless Aluminum Rear Front Barrel Overall
P45MK3ALRP Lite * Adjustable Fixed 4​1⁄2" 8​1⁄2" 22 oz
P4MKIII Target * Adjustable Fixed 4" 8" 31 oz
P512MKIIIRP Target * Fixed Fixed 5​1⁄2" 9​1⁄2" 33 oz
P512MKIII Target * Discont. Adjustable Fixed 5​1⁄2" 9​1⁄2" 35 oz
P45GMK3RP Threaded * Fixed Fixed 4​1⁄2" 8​1⁄2" 32 oz
P45GMK3PRRP Threaded * Picatinny rail None 4​1⁄2" 8​1⁄2" 32 oz
KP512MKIII Bull barrel * Adjustable Fixed 5​1⁄2" 9​1⁄2" 35 oz
KP678HMKIII Hunter * Adjustable HiViz fiber optic 6​7⁄8" 10​7⁄8" 34 oz

MK IV

Ruger MK IV
Ruger MK IV.jpg
TypeSemi-automatic pistol
Place of originUnited States
Production history
ManufacturerSturm, Ruger & Co.
Produced2016–present
VariantsSee Models
Specifications
Mass25.0–53.5 oz (710–1,520 g)
Length8.4–14.0 in (210–360 mm)
Barrel length4.4–10.0 in (110–250 mm)
Barrels1:16" Right hand twist[24]

The MK IV ("Mark Four") is the fourth-generation successor to the original Ruger Standard. Introduced in 2016, the MK IV succeeded the MK III.

Changes from the Mark III

The most significant feature of the Mk IV redesign is a hinged connection between the upper receiver and the grip frame. This design enables the user to disassemble the firearm with a significantly simplified process compared to prior models.[25]

Other design changes include: a redesigned trigger group, a redesigned bolt stop, an ambidextrous thumb safety, and a "drop free" magazine release mechanism.[25]

Safety recall

In June 2017, Ruger issued a safety recall on MK IVs for a defective trigger and safety mechanism. If the safety were midway between the "safe" and "fire" positions when the trigger was pulled, the gun could discharge when the safety was moved to the "fire" position. MK IVs with serial numbers beginning with "401" (2017 models) or "WBR" (2016 models) were recalled.[26][27]

Models

Ruger Mark IV lineup (as of October 2020)
Catalog
Number 		Model Finish Sight Length Approx.
weight 		Notes Ref.
Barrel Grip Rear Front Barrel Overall
40101 Target Blued Aluminum Adjustable Fixed 5.50" 9.75" 35.6 oz [28]
40103 Target Stainless Stainless Adjustable Fixed 5.50" 9.75" 42.8 oz [29]
40104 Standard Blued Aluminum Fixed Fixed 4.75" 9.00" 28.2 oz [30]
40105 Standard Blued Aluminum Fixed Fixed 6.00" 10.25" 30.1 oz [31]
40107 22/45 Blued Polymer Adjustable Fixed 5.50" 9.75" 34.4 oz [32]
40112 Competition Stainless Stainless Adjustable Fixed 6.88" 11.12" 45.8 oz [33]
40118 Hunter Stainless Stainless Adjustable Fiber optic 6.88" 11.12" 44.0 oz [34]
40126 Target Stainless Stainless Adjustable Fixed 5.50" 9.75" 42.8 oz Threaded barrel [35]
40149 22/45 Tactical Blued Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.50" 33.3 oz Threaded barrel [36]
40150 Tactical Blued Aluminum Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.50" 34.6 oz Threaded barrel [37]
40159 Target Blued Aluminum Adjustable Fixed 5.50" 9.75" 35.8 oz Target laminate grips [38]
40160 Hunter Stainless Stainless Adjustable Fiber optic 6.88" 11.12" 44.2 oz Target laminate grips [39]
40167dagger 22/45 Tactical Cerakote Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.50" 33.3 oz Threaded barrel [40]
40172dagger Hunter Stainless Stainless Adjustable Fiber optic 4.50" 8.50" 38.5 oz [41]
40173 Target Blued Aluminum Adjustable Fixed 10.00" 14.00" 46.3 oz [42]
40174 Target Stainless Stainless Adjustable Fixed 10.00" 14.00" 53.5 oz [43]
43921 22/45 Lite Anodized (gray) Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.40" 27.0 oz Target laminate grips [44]
43910dagger 22/45 Lite Anodized (red) Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.40" 25.0 oz Threaded barrel [45]
43915dagger 22/45 Lite Anodized (magenta) Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.40" 25.0 oz Threaded barrel [46]
43916dagger 22/45 Lite Anodized (olive drab) Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.40" 25.0 oz Threaded barrel [47]
43924dagger 22/45 Lite Anodized (cobalt) Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.40" 25.0 oz Threaded barrel [48]
43926 22/45 Lite Anodized (gold) Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.40" 25.0 oz Threaded barrel [49]
43927 22/45 Lite Anodized (black) Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.40" 25.0 oz Threaded barrel [50]
43934 22/45 Lite Anodized (gray) Polymer Adjustable Fixed 4.40" 8.40" 25.0 oz Threaded barrel [51]

dagger Distributor exclusive models

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Quinn, Boge. "Ruger 50th Anniversary .22" Gunblast Web site. Accessed January 8, 2009.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 Metcalf, Dick. "50 years of Ruger Auto Pistols" About.com Web site. Accessed January 13, 2009.
  3. ↑ Wilson, R. L. "Ruger & His Guns; A History Of The Man, The Company And Their Firearms." 1996. ISBN:0-7858-2103-1.
  4. ↑ "Ruger MKI / MKII / MKIII" Nazarian's gun recognition guide Web site. Accessed January 8, 2009.
  5. ↑ Justus, Dale (8 August 2011). Fifteen Minutes of Terror: Massacre at the Edmond Oklahoma Post Office. iUniverse, Incorporated. p. 34. ISBN 978-1462041985. https://books.google.com/books?id=vtC8pSiNVV4C&q=Paul+Michael+%22Mike%22+Rockne&pg=PA34. 
  6. ↑ Ellis, Randy (22 August 1986). "Authorities Piece Together Tragedy Gunman at Edmond Post Office Knew Where to Shoot People". https://oklahoman.com/article/2157408/authorities-piece-together-tragedy-gunman-at-edmond-post-office-knew-where-to-shoot-people/amp. 
  7. ↑ Adams, Lauren (2014-11-20). "Survivors remember deadly Ky. school shooting 17 years later" (in en). https://www.wlky.com/article/survivors-remember-deadly-ky-school-shooting-17-years-later/3753900. 
  8. ↑ Fancher, Nicole (October 2, 2006). "8 years later: Thurston and Kinkel revisited". Oregon Daily Emerald. http://dailyemerald.com/2006/10/02/8-years-later-thurston-and-kinkel-revisited/. 
  9. ↑ Bartlette, DeLani R. (2021-06-07). "Marcus Wesson: The Vampire King of Fresno" (in en). https://delanirbartlette.medium.com/marcus-wesson-the-vampire-king-of-fresno-630b122e59e5. 
  10. ↑ "MPR: Shooting fuels debate over safety of Prozac for teens". 2013-03-18. http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2005/03/25_helmsm_prozacfolo/. 
  11. ↑ Davey, Monica; Harris, Gardiner (2005-03-26). "Family Wonders if Prozac Prompted School Shootings" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/26/us/family-wonders-if-prozac-prompted-school-shootings.html. 
  12. ↑ Horton, John (March 7, 2012). "T.J. Lane, accused Chardon High School gunman, appears in Geauga County Juvenile Court". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland Live. http://www.cleveland.com/chardon-shooting/index.ssf/2012/03/tj_lane_enters_plea_in_chardon.html. 
  13. ↑ Caniglia, John (March 6, 2012). "T.J. Lane, accused in Ohio school shooting, described as quiet, smart, no outcast". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland Live LLC. http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2012/03/lake_academy_students_recall_q.html. 
  14. ↑ "Student pleads guilty to murder in Marshall County High School shooting that killed 2". April 28, 2020. https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/2020/04/28/gabe-parker-marshall-county-high-school-shooter-pleads-guilty/3038914001/. 
  15. ↑ "Ima li dece u streljani – kada maloletnik može da proba gađanje vatrenim oružjem". 4 May 2023. https://www.rts.rs/lat/vesti/drustvo/5185382/oruzje-tragedija-ceska-zbrojevka-sadov-2.html. 
  16. ↑ Picheta, Rob (3 May 2023). "A school shooting has rocked Serbia. Here's what we know" (in en). https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/03/europe/serbia-school-shooting-what-we-know-intl/index.html. 
  17. ↑ "Završeno saslušanje oca dečaka koji je pucao školi na Vračaru" (in sr-RS). 5 May 2023. https://n1info.rs/vesti/zavrseno-saslusanje-oca-decaka-koji-je-pucao/. 
  18. ↑ "Jane's International Defence Review". Jane's International Defence Review (Janes Information Group) (3). 1996. "SEALs may be equipped with a wide variety of small arms, ranging from the 0.22-caliber (LR) Ruger Mk 2 through...". 
  19. ↑ The Directory of the World's Weapons. p119: Blitz Editions. 1996. ISBN 1-85605-348-2. 
  20. ↑ L.W. McWilliams. TM-Amphibian 'S' Manual. AWC Systems Technology, 2001. p. 3.
  21. ↑ 2009 AWC Product Guide, pp. 5–6.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 "Ruger Mark III". Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc.. http://www.ruger.com/products/markIIIStandard/models.html. 
  23. ↑ The Ruger manual says "NOTE C—Scope mount bases and rings listed will fit all MARK III and 22/45 MARK III pistols. Only the MARK III Target models are drilled and tapped at the factory. The MARK III Standard models must be drilled and tapped by your local gunsmith. (Drilling and tapping instructions available upon request.)" As of March 2011 it appears as though Ruger has started drilling and tapping the Mark III Standard model.
  24. ↑ "Ruger Mark IV". Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc.. http://www.ruger.com/products/markIV/overview.html. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Ruger Introduces One-Button Takedown Mark IV Pistol". 22 September 2016. https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2016/9/22/ruger-introduces-one-button-takedown-mark-iv-pistol/. 
  26. ↑ Journal, Richard Craver Winston-Salem. "Ruger orders recall on all Mark IV pistols" (in en). Winston-Salem Journal. http://www.journalnow.com/business/business_news/local/ruger-orders-recall-on-all-mark-iv-pistols/article_348e104f-a63b-5a5f-919f-b712c63a3e67.html. 
  27. ↑ "Ruger Recalls Mark IV Rimfire Pistols" (in en). https://www.shootingillustrated.com/articles/2017/6/8/ruger-recalls-mark-iv-rimfire-pistols/. 
  28. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Target Rimfire Pistol Model 40101". https://ruger.com/products/markIVTarget/specSheets/40101.html. 
  29. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Target Rimfire Pistol Model 40103". https://ruger.com/products/markIVTarget/specSheets/40103.html. 
  30. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Standard Rimfire Pistol Model 40104". https://ruger.com/products/markIVStandard/specSheets/40104.html. 
  31. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Standard Rimfire Pistol Model 40105". https://ruger.com/products/markIVStandard/specSheets/40105.html. 
  32. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Rimfire Pistol Model 40107". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245/specSheets/40107.html. 
  33. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Competition Rimfire Pistol Model 40112". https://ruger.com/products/markIVCompetition/specSheets/40112.html. 
  34. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Hunter Rimfire Pistol Model 40118". https://ruger.com/products/markIVHunter/specSheets/40118.html. 
  35. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Target Rimfire Pistol Model 40126". https://ruger.com/products/markIVTarget/specSheets/40126.html. 
  36. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Tactical Rimfire Pistol Model 40149". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Tactical/specSheets/40149.html. 
  37. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Tactical Rimfire Pistol Model 40150". https://ruger.com/products/markIVTactical/specSheets/40150.html. 
  38. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Target Rimfire Pistol Model 40159". https://ruger.com/products/markIVTarget/specSheets/40159.html. 
  39. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Hunter Rimfire Pistol Model 40160". https://ruger.com/products/markIVHunter/specSheets/40160.html. 
  40. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Tactical Rimfire Pistol Model 40167". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Tactical/specSheets/40167.html. 
  41. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Hunter Rimfire Pistol Model 40172". https://ruger.com/products/markIVHunter/specSheets/40172.html. 
  42. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Target Rimfire Pistol Model 40173". https://ruger.com/products/markIVTarget/specSheets/40173.html. 
  43. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ Target Rimfire Pistol Model 40174". https://ruger.com/products/markIVTarget/specSheets/40174.html. 
  44. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Lite Rimfire Pistol Model 43921". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Lite/specSheets/43921.html. 
  45. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Lite Rimfire Pistol Model 43910". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Lite/specSheets/43910.html. 
  46. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Lite Rimfire Pistol Model 43915". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Lite/specSheets/43915.html. 
  47. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Lite Rimfire Pistol Model 43916". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Lite/specSheets/43916.html. 
  48. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Lite Rimfire Pistol Model 43924". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Lite/specSheets/43924.html. 
  49. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Lite Rimfire Pistol Model 43926". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Lite/specSheets/43926.html. 
  50. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Lite Rimfire Pistol Model 43927". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Lite/specSheets/43927.html. 
  51. ↑ "Ruger® Mark IV™ 22/45™ Lite Rimfire Pistol Model 43934". https://ruger.com/products/markIV2245Lite/specSheets/43934.html. 
  • Wilson, R. L. Ruger and His Guns: A History of the Man, the Company and Their Firearms. 1996. ISBN:0-7858-2103-1.

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