Engineering:Type 12 surface-to-ship missile

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Short description: Japanese anti-ship and land-attack missile
Type 12 surface-to-ship missile
Typeanti-ship missile (original version)
land attack cruise missile
surface to surface missile[1](upgraded version)
Place of originJapan
Service history
In service2015
Production history
ManufacturerMitsubishi Heavy Industries
Produced2012
Specifications
Mass700 kg (1,500 lb)
Length5 m (16.4 ft)
Diameter350 mm (13.8 in)
WarheadHE
Operational
range
200 km (108 nmi; 124 mi)
400 km (216 nmi; 249 mi)(Type 12 Kai, Type 17, Type 23)
1,000 km (540 nmi; 621 mi)(Type 25)[2][3]
Guidance
system
Inertial guidance, GPS and terminal Ka band AESA radar homing
Launch
platform
Truck (Oshkosh, Mitsubishi)

The Type 12 surface-to-ship missile (12式地対艦誘導弾) is a truck-mounted anti-ship missile developed by Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in 2012. It is an upgrade of the Type 88 surface-to-ship missile. The Type 12 features INS with mid-course GPS guidance and better precision due to enhanced Terrain Contour Matching and target discrimination capabilities. The weapon is networked, where initial and mid-course targeting can be provided by other platforms, and has shorter reload times, reduced lifecycle costs, and a range of 124 mi (108 nmi; 200 km).[4][5]

The missile shares the same Ka-band Active Electronic Scanned Array (AESA) radar seeker with Japanese BVRAAM missile, AAM-4B.[6]

Type 17 ship-to-ship missile, Type 12 Kai and Type 23 air-to-ship missile

The ship-launched derivative of Type 12, designated as Type 17 ship-to-ship missile (SSM-2) has been put into service and it is to start deploying from Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.. The range has doubled to 400 kilometers and is also planning to re-apply for the improved version of the surface-to-ship system (Type 12 Kai) and the air-launched variant for the P-1 patrol aircraft.[7][8] Procurement of the air-launched variant of the missile will begin in FY2025 as the Type 23 air-to-ship missile.[9]

Type 25 surface-to-ship missile

The evolution of Japanese anti-ship missiles from the ASM-1 to the new SSM

In December 2020, the MoD approved the development of an improved version of the Type 12 SSM by the Cabinet. According to Japanese newspapers, the range will be extended from 200 km to 900 km, with a future target of 1,500 km. It will have a stealthy shape to reduce Radar Cross Section (RCS), and high mobility to prevent interception from the enemy.[10]

It can attack naval vessels and ground targets. The MoD intends to launch the improved Type 12 SSM from surface launchers, naval vessels and aircraft.[11] Development of the improved Type 12 ground-launched anti-ship missile is expected to finish by fiscal year 2025.[12]

The Ministry of Defense has accelerated its schedule from the original plan, with mass production of the ground-launched variants to begin in FY2023 and deployment to begin in FY2025, and mass production of the naval vessel-launched variants to begin in FY2025.[13][14]

On 31 March 2026, the Ministry of Defense announced that the ground-launched system had been designated the Type 25 Surface-to-Ship Missile and had been deployed at Kengun Base. Its range is reported to be approximately 1,000 kilometers. The ship-launched and air-launched variants are scheduled to be designated and deployed in fiscal year 2027.[3]

Orders

Fiscal year Type 12 SSM Notes

Composition of a battery (or company):

  • 1 fire control system
  • 1 - 4 launch vehicles
    (6 missiles per launch vehicles)
  • 1 - 4 ammunition transport vehicles
    (6 missiles per transport vehicle)
  • 2 radar vehicle
  • 1 communication relay vehicle
  • 1 command and control truck
Type 12

Companies

Type 12

Launch vehicles

Type 12

Radar

2026 – – – [15]
2025 2 8 4 Type 12 surface-to-ship guided missile improved capability (ja)[16]
2024 – – – [17]
2023 – – – [18]
2022 – – – [19]
2021 1 4 2 [20]
2020 – – – [21]
2019 1 4 2 [22]
2018 1 4 2 [23]
2017 1 4 2 [24]
2016 1 4 2 [25]
2015 – – – [26]
2014 4 16 8 [27]
2013 1 4 2 [27]
2012 0.5 2 1 [28]
Total 12.5

( - )

50

( - )

25

( - )

–
  Budget request

See also

References

  1. ↑ Inaba, Yoshihiro (21 January 2021). "Japan to greatly extend range of Type 12 anti-ship missiles, modify it for F-15J". https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/01/japan-to-greatly-extend-range-of-type-12-anti-ship-missiles-modify-it-for-f-15j/. 
  2. ↑ "Japan starts to extend range of its missiles to over 1,000 km". 1 December 2021. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Japan-starts-to-extend-range-of-its-missiles-to-over-1-000-km. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Japan’s 'counterstrike capability' takes shape with missile deployments". https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2026/03/31/japan/japan-sdf-missiles-counterstrike/. 
  4. ↑ LaGrone, Sam (18 June 2014). "China Reacts to Japanese Anti-Ship Missile Positioning". https://news.usni.org/2014/06/18/china-reacts-japanese-anti-ship-missile-positioning. 
  5. ↑ Rogoway, Tyler (19 May 2015). "Japan Plans To Deploy Missiles To Strategic Island Near Taiwan". https://jalopnik.com/japan-plans-to-deploy-missiles-to-strategic-island-near-1705366873. 
  6. ↑ Defense Agency Technical Research & Development Institute 50 Years of History, II 技術研究開発 8.第3研究所(II Technology Research and Development 8. Third laboratory) TRDI50_10.pdf file page.278-279 - Japan National Diet Library, 2002
  7. ↑ "Overview of FY2017 Budget Request". pp. 28. https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/281025.pdf. 
  8. ↑ "地対艦ミサイル射程、2倍へ改良 尖閣・宮古、対中抑止" (in Japanese). 29 April 2019. https://www.sankei.com/article/20190429-NDOCKXCW35JOVODBQRZF2SGO2E/. 
  9. ↑ 防衛力抜本的強化の進捗と予算 令和7年度概算要求の概要. p.29
  10. ↑ Inaba, Yoshihiro (21 January 2021). "Japan To Greatly Extend Range Of Type 12 Anti-Ship Missiles, Modify It For F-15J". Naval News. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/01/japan-to-greatly-extend-range-of-type-12-anti-ship-missiles-modify-it-for-f-15j/. 
  11. ↑ Inaba, Yoshihiro (21 January 2021). "Japan To Greatly Extend Range Of Type 12 Anti-Ship Missiles, Modify It For F-15J". Naval News. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/01/japan-to-greatly-extend-range-of-type-12-anti-ship-missiles-modify-it-for-f-15j/. 
  12. ↑ Mahadzir, Dzirhan (25 January 2023). "Japan Issues Military Equipment Wishlist That Includes Hypersonic Weapons, Unmanned Systems". https://news.usni.org/2023/01/25/japan-issues-military-equipment-wishlist-that-includes-hypersonic-weapons-unmanned-systems. 
  13. ↑ 防衛力抜本的強化の進捗と予算 令和7年度概算要求の概要. p.6. Ministry of Defense
  14. ↑ "Archived copy". https://www.twz.com/sea/new-japanese-anti-ship-cruise-missile-barrel-rolls-to-evade-defenses. 
  15. ↑ "Page 36 - FY2026 budget request defence Japan". 29 August 2025. https://www.mod.go.jp/j/budget/yosan_gaiyo/fy2026/yosan_20250829.pdf. 
  16. ↑ "Page 16 - Defence budget Japan 2025". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/fy2025_20250411a.pdf. 
  17. ↑ "Overview of the FY2024 Budget (Page 15)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/20240607a.pdf. 
  18. ↑ "Overview of the FY2023 Budget (Page 15)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/230330a.pdf. 
  19. ↑ "Overview of FY2022 Budget (Page 49)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/20220420.pdf. 
  20. ↑ "Overview of the FY2021 Budget (Page 49)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/210331a.pdf. 
  21. ↑ "Overview of FY2020 Budget (Page 49)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/200330a.pdf. 
  22. ↑ "Overview of FY2019 Budget (Page 51)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/190510b.pdf. 
  23. ↑ "Overview of FY2018 Budget (Page 45)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/300329.pdf. 
  24. ↑ "Overview of FY2017 Budget (Page 45)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/290328.pdf. 
  25. ↑ "Overview of FY2016 Budget (Page 39)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/280330.pdf. 
  26. ↑ "Overview of FY2015 Budget (Page 43)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/270414.pdf. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Overview of FY2014 Budget (Page 41)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/260130.pdf. 
  28. ↑ "Overview of FY2012 Budget (Page 29)". https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/d_budget/pdf/240301.pdf. 

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