Engineering:Type 212CD submarine

From HandWiki
Short description: Submarine with fuel cell-based propulsion developed for the Royal Norwegian and German navies
Class overview
Builders: ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS), Kiel and Wismar[1][2]
Operators:
Preceded by:
Planned:
  • Total: 12 to 15
    • Norway: 6 [3]
    • Germany: 6 to 9 [4]
On order:
Building: 2
General characteristics
Type: Attack submarine
Displacement:

2,500 t (2,500 long tons)[9]

surfaced, 2,800 t (2,800 long tons) submerged
Length: 73 m (239 ft 6 in)
Beam: 10 m (32 ft 10 in)
Draught: 7 m (23 ft 0 in)
Propulsion:
Speed: > 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Endurance: 41 days
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Combat system [11]
    • ORCCA supplied by kta naval systems (consortium TKMS, Atlas Elektronik, Kongsberg)
  • Optical sensors: [11]
    • Hensoldt OMS 150 and OMS 300 optronics masts
    • Hensoldt i360°OS panoramic surveillance system
  • Sonars: [12][13]
    • Combat sonar suite: not defined yet
    • Mine avoidance and navigation: Kongsberg SA9510S MkII
    • Sea bed navigation: EM2040 Mil and EA640 echosounders
Armament:
  • Up to 14 torpedoes, missiles and drones
  • Torpedoes:
    • 6 × 533 mm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes
    • CHWT (Common Heavy Weight Torpedo), a successor to the DM2A4 Hake heavy torpedoes[14]
    • Seaspider anti-torpedo torpedo [15]
  • Missiles:
  • Unmanned underwater vehicle:
    • IAI BlueWhale potentially[14]

The Type 212CD class (for Common Design) is a submarine class developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) for the Norwegian and German navies. The class is derived from the Type 212 submarine class,[19] but will be significantly larger than the 212 class.

Project history

A €5.5 billion contract for development and procurement of the six submarines was placed with TKMS on 8 July 2021[20][21] after the German and Norwegian governments reached an agreement in principle in March.[22] This followed an extensive period of negotiation between industry and the two governments which took place after Norway had, in 2017, decided on an extensive naval partnership with Germany and TKMS for their Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. replacement project.[23] The Ula-class submarines were also built by TKMS/HDW.


Afterwards, a Lifetime Management Program Office (LMPO) is to be established in Haakonsvern Naval Base. Management will also alternate, with a third of the staff being German. The office is to handle questions concerning maintenance and repairs of the submarines. Norway will establish maintenance facilities for both countries submarines.[24] Construction of the first submarine started in September 2023.[25][26][27]

According to the Norwegian Armed Forces Long-Term Plan adopted by the Norwegian Parliament on June 4, 2024, Norway will purchase two more submarines in addition to the four submarines already ordered from Germany.[28][29]

Norwegian and German U212CD (Common Design) submarines are to be based together in Southern Norway. A Norwegian Ministry of Defence official told Janes on 7 June 2024 that a new base for the U212CD, including infrastructure, would be built at Haakonsvern, where Norway's current Ula-class submarines are already based. The new infrastructure will include pier, maintenance, and test facilities for the U212CD.[30]

Critical design review

In August 2024, the Norwegian Ministry of Defence announced having completed the design review of the Type 212CD programme.[31] As a result of completing the Critical Design Review (CDR), the production of the submarines will be intensified.[32][33]

Submarine design

The submarines will be based on, but nearly twice the size of the current Type 212A class and features a new stealth design - the hull will be diamond-shaped to deflect emissions by the active sonars[34] common on modern anti-submarine warfare (ASW) ships.

Propulsion

Just like the Type 212A, the submarines will be fitted with a hydrogen fuel cell-based air-independent propulsion system, although they will receive two (MTU 4000 series) diesel engines instead of one. The overall endurance is to be increased as well.[24]

Command and control systems

A new combat system ("ORCCA") to be developed by kta naval systems, a joint venture between TKMS' naval electronics division Atlas Elektronik and Norwegian manufacturer Kongsberg will be installed on the boats[35] and is claimed to allow the analysis of larger amounts of sensor data as well as to improve interoperability with allied forces. The first batch of German Type 212 submarines already uses the Kongsberg-developed MSI-90U Mk1+ combat system.

Sensors

Two photonics masts including sensors from Hensoldt (OMS 150 and OMS 300) will be used instead of the hull-penetrating periscope of the previous U212A class for search, surveillance and attack functions.[36][37] A Hensoldt panoramic surveillance system will be installed while Kongsberg will contribute the active SA9510S MKII Mine Avoidance and Navigation Sonar as well as echo sounders for navigation.[38]

Weapons

The submarines will feature four tubes for DM2A4 heavyweight torpedoes and Germany plans to fit the IDAS air-defense missile to theirs. In December 2024 it was reported that the Bundestag passed funding for the submarine launched version of the IDAS Missile.[39]

List of boats

The submarines are being procured by the Norwegian Defence Materiel Agency Forsvarsmateriell (six submarines)[40] and the German Armed Forces Procurement Agency BAAINBw (two submarines). In September 2024 it was reported that Germany and Norway are considering expanding their joint order of Type 212CD submarines.[41] It is speculated that Norway is contemplating ordering two more Type 212CD submarines, while Germany is considering four more Type 212CD submarines.[42] On 19 December 2024 it was reported that the German government had signed a contract with TKMS for the construction of four more Type 212CD submarines.[43][44]

Name No. Order in class Status Contract Laid down Launched Comm. Notes
 Deutsche Marine (6 ordered + 3 planned)
missing name S187 3rd Under contract[45] 30 August 2021[45] – – 2031[45] –
missing name S188 5th – – 2034[45]
missing name S189 – Under contract[5] 19 December 2024 [5] – – – –
missing name S190 – – – –
missing name S191 – – – –
missing name S192 – – – –
TBD TBD – Up to 3 additional expected [46] – – – – As part of the Zielbild der Marine ab 2035 (target of the fleet from 2035), Germany plans to have a total of 6 to 9 Type 212 CD, therefore 3 additional submarines might be ordered.[46]
TBD TBD – – – – –
TBD TBD – – – – –
 Royal Norwegian Navy (4 ordered + 2 planned to be ordered)
TBD TBD 1st Under construction [47][48] 30 August 2021[45] 12 September 2023[47] 2027[49] 2029[45] –
TBD TBD 2nd – – 2030
TBD TBD 4th Under contract [45] – – 2033
TBD TBD 6th – – 2035[50]
TBD TBD – Approved for order by parliament [51] – – – – Approved in June 2024, waiting for order confirmation [52]
TBD TBD – – – – –
  Planned commissionning
  Ships planned

Operators

Future operators

 Germany (6)
2 boats to be delivered in 2032[53] and 2034.[53]
In December 2024, the German parliament approved the purchase for 4 additional submarines of this type. The contract was also signed in December 2024.[5]
 Norway (4 on order + 2 approved for order)
In March 2021, the Norwegian Navy ordered 4 boats.[54] The contract was signed in July 2021.[55]
In June 2023, the Norwegian Defence Chief recommended to increase the order to 6.[56] In June 2024, this purchase was approved by the parliament, and a contract is to be signed.[57]
The submarines are to be delivered from 2029 to 2035.[58]

Potential contracts

 Canada (12)
Germany and Norway offered an Arctic protection partnership to Canada, which includes the Type 212 CD for Canada.[59] In July 2024, Canada publicly unveiled its plan for the future of its navy, which includes up to 12 submarines.[60] On August 26, 2025 the Type 212CD was shortlisted alongside the KSS-III as the only qualified options.[61]
 Germany (3 additional)
According to the Zielbild Marine 2035+ plan, the German will operate from 6 to 9 Type 212 CD, and it includes the successors to the Type 212A, which would mean up to 3 additional Type 212 CD to be ordered.[62]
 Poland (3)
The Polish Navy is planning to purchase 3 attack submarines as part of its Orka programme. The mentioned competitors include the A26 Blekinge,[63][64] the KSS-III,[65] the S-80,[66] the Scorpene SSK and the Type 212CD.[67]

Failed bids

 Netherlands
The Type 212CD was in competition with the pair Saab Kockums / Damen with a Blekinge derivative submarine and with Naval Group who proposed the Orka-class. TKMS had offered an expeditionary variant of the Type 212CD submarine to the Netherlands; the Type 212CD E.[68][69] This variant has a surface displacement of c. 3,100 tons and a submerged displacement of c. 3,450 tons.[70] In addition, the boat has a length of more than 80 meters.[9] Naval Group won the competition in April 2024 and should build 4 ships if approved by the parliament.[71]

See also

  • Type 214 submarine - A class of export-oriented diesel-electric attack-submarines, also developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by the navies of Greece, Portugal, South Korea and Turkey.
  • Type 218SG submarine - A class of extensively-customised diesel-electric attack-submarines developed ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by Singapore.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A class of extensively-customised diesel-electric attack-submarines developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently operated by Israel.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A unique class of diesel-electric attack-submarines developed by ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and currently being built for Israel.
  • KSS-III submarine: A class of diesel-electric attack and ballistic missile submarines, built by Hanwha Ocean and HD Hyundai Heavy Industries and operated by the Republic of Korea Navy.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A class of export-oriented diesel-electric attack-submarines, jointly developed by Naval Group and Navantia and currently operated by the navies of Chile, Malaysia, India and Brazil.
  • S-80 Plus submarine - A class of conventionally-powered attack-submarines, currently being built by Navantia for Spain.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines, built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for Japan.
  • Type 039A submarine - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines operated by China and being built for the navies of Thailand and Pakistan.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. - A class of diesel-electric attack-submarines being built for Russia.

References

  1. ↑ Boris Pistorius besucht Werft: In Wismar werden neue U-Boote produziert. 17 January 2025. Retrieved 4 July 2025 (German).
  2. ↑ Mit Gratiseis und Aufklebern: TKMS wirbt in Wismar um neue Mitarbeiter. 15 May 2025. Retrieved 4 July 2025 (German).
  3. ↑ "U212 CD – Norwegen soll zwei weitere U-Boote bekommen". 5 June 2024. https://www.hartpunkt.de/u212-cd-norwegen-soll-zwei-weitere-u-boote-bekommen/. 
  4. ↑ "German Navy Mulling Drone-Heavy Force Structure Looking Towards 2035 And Beyond". 10 March 2023. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/03/german-navy-mulling-drone-heavy-force-structure-looking-towards-2035-and-beyond/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "Germany orders four more Type 212CD submarines from tkMS". 2 January 2025. https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/sea/germany-orders-four-more-type-212cd-submarines-from-tkms. 
  6. ↑ "Pistorius möchte weitere U-Boote für die Marine kaufen". https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Pistorius-moechte-weitere-U-Boote-fuer-die-Marine-kaufen-article25101964.html. 
  7. ↑ "Marinestützpunkt Eckernförde: Pistorius will Kauf weiterer U-Boote prüfen". https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/schleswig-holstein/Marinestuetzpunkt-Eckernfoerde-Pistorius-will-Kauf-weiterer-U-Boote-pruefen,pistorius1278.html. 
  8. ↑ "Pistorius prüft Kauf weiterer U-Boote: Verteidigungsminister besucht Marine in Eckernförde". 19 July 2024. https://www.rnd.de/politik/pistorius-prueft-kauf-weiterer-u-boote-verteidigungsminister-besucht-marine-in-eckernfoerde-LYRTHO7FAJLC7HAPZLRJDOHPRI.html. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Rudy Ruitenberg (19 December 2024). "Germany triples submarine order to six boats in joint buy with Norway". https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/12/19/germany-triples-submarine-order-to-six-boats-in-joint-buy-with-norway/. 
  10. ↑ {{cite web
    • Lithium battery
    |url=https://www.defence24.com/orka--the-german-way-will-the-polish-navy-submarines-be-built-in-szczecin |title=Orka – The German Way: Will the Polish Navy Submarines be Built in Szczecin? |website=defence24.com |date=1 February 2018 |access-date=30 September 2021 }}
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Submarines U212 CD Visual systems for Norway and Germany". hensoldt.com. https://www.hensoldt.net/who-we-are/consortia-and-collaborations/u212-cd/. Retrieved 18 April 2024. 
  12. ↑ "Kongsberg To Provide Sonar And Navigation Systems For Type 212CD Submarines". navalnews.com. 7 December 2021. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/12/kongsberg-to-provide-sonar-and-navigation-systems-for-type-212cd-submarines//. Retrieved 18 April 2024. 
  13. ↑ Per Erlien Dalløkken (7 December 2021). "212CD skal kunne navigere neddykket i ukevis: Har valgt sensorer til nye ubåter". Tu.no. https://www.tu.no/artikler/212cd-skal-kunne-navigere-neddykket-i-ukevis-har-valgt-sensorer-til-nye-ubater/515677. Retrieved 2022-05-27. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Common Heavy Weight Torpedo: Class 212 CD submarines receive a new heavy weight torpedo". hartpunkt. 5 December 2024. https://www.hartpunkt.de/common-heavy-weight-torpedo-u-boote-der-klasse-212-cd-erhalten-einen-neuen-schwergewichtstorpedo/. Retrieved 5 December 2024. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Procurement of four new 212 CD submarines for the Navy becomes concrete". hartpunkt. 30 November 2024. https://www.hartpunkt.de/beschaffung-von-vier-neuen-u-booten-212-cd-fuer-die-marine-wird-konkret/. Retrieved 30 November 2024. 
  16. ↑ Harrison Kass (28 November 2023). "Type 212CD: Germany and Norway Have Big Plans for a New Submarine". nationalinterest.org/. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/type-212cd-germany-and-norway-have-big-plans-new-submarine-207580. Retrieved 18 April 2024. 
  17. ↑ Giacomo Cavanna (26 March 2025). "Siluro pesante italiano Black Shark Advanced per gli U212CD". https://aresdifesa.it/siluro-pesante-italiano-black-shark-advanced-per-gli-u212cd/. 
  18. ↑ "Type 212CD Submarine Programme Expands with new Weapons". 28 March 2025. https://defensearchives.com/news/type-212cd-submarine-programme-expands-with-new-weapons/. 
  19. ↑ "The new submarines". Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems. https://www.thyssenkrupp-marinesystems.nl/en/the-new-submarines.html. 
  20. ↑ Neue U-Boote und Seeziel-Flugkörper für die Marine, 9. July 2021, Retrieved on 26 April 2024 (german).
  21. ↑ "TKMS To Build Six Type 212CD Submarines For German And Norwegian Navies" (in en-US). 2021-07-08. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/07/tkms-to-build-six-type-212cd-submarines-for-german-and-norwegian-navies/. 
  22. ↑ Vavasseur, Xavier (2021-03-23). "Norway and Germany Reach Agreement on 212CD Submarine Contract" (in en-US). https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/03/norway-and-germany-reach-agreement-on-212cd-submarine-contract/. 
  23. ↑ "Norway Selects Germany & TKMS as Strategic Partner for Ula-class Submarine Replacement" (in en-gb). 3 February 2017. http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2017/february-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/4869-norway-selects-germany-tkms-as-strategic-partner-for-ula-class-submarine-replacement.html. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 ES&T editorial team (9 July 2021). "The next step on the way to the German-Norwegian submarine U212CD" (in en). https://esut.de/en/2021/07/meldungen/28444/deutsch-norwegisches-u-boot-u212cd/. 
  25. ↑ Richardson, Jack (2021-07-09). "TKMS Milestones Announced" (in en-US). https://euro-sd.com/2021/07/articles/exclusive/23404/tkms-milestones-announced/. 
  26. ↑ Dalløkken, Per Erlien (6 September 2023). "Nå starter bygginga av ny ubåt – krever at Norge må ha flere enn fire" (in Norwegian). Teknisk Ukeblad. https://www.tu.no/artikler/na-starter-bygginga-av-ny-ubat-krever-at-norge-ma-ha-flere-enn-fire/536390?key=yMjXrvYl. 
  27. ↑ "Byggingen av Norges nye ubåt er i gang" (in Norwegian). Forsvarets Forum. 12 September 2023. https://forsvaretsforum.no/bjorn-arild-gram-norge-tyskland/byggingen-av-norges-nye-ubat-er-i-gang/343819. 
  28. ↑ "New Norwegian Long Term Plan on Defence: "A historic plan"". 5 April 2024. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/new-norwegian-long-term-plan-on-defence-a-historic-plan/id3032878/. 
  29. ↑ "Hele Stortinget enige om langtidsplanen for Forsvaret – pressekonferanse klokken 16.30". 4 June 2024. https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/politikk/i/alWPwA/historisk-enighet-om-forsvarssatsing-vil-bruke-1635-milliarder-kroner-paa-12-aar. 
  30. ↑ "Norwegian and German U212CD submarines to be based together in Norway". 11 June 2024. https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/norwegian-and-german-u212cd-submarines-to-be-based-together-in-norway. 
  31. ↑ "212 CD submarine programme: Critical Design Review (CDR) completed" (in en). 2024-08-23. https://defence-industry.eu/212-cd-submarine-programme-critical-design-review-cdr-completed/. 
  32. ↑ Fatima Bahtić (19 September 2024). "TKMS: Design phase of German-Norwegian 212CD class submarines completed". https://www.navaltoday.com/2024/09/19/tkms-design-phase-of-german-norwegian-212cd-class-submarines-completed/. 
  33. ↑ "Milestone reached in German-Norwegian Type 212CD submarine program". 19 September 2024. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/09/milestone-reached-in-german-norwegian-type-212cd-submarine-program/. 
  34. ↑ "Type 212CD Submarines, Germany". naval-technology.com. https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/type-212cd-submarines-germany/. 
  35. ↑ "Kongsberg wins contract to deliver ORCCA combat system elements" (in en-gb). 8 July 2021. http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2021/july/10405-kongsberg-wins-contract-to-deliver-orcca-combat-system-elements.html. 
  36. ↑ admin (2022-01-14). "Hensoldt Awarded to Supply Optronic for Norwegian and German Type 212CD Submarines" (in en-US). https://militaryleak.com/2022/01/14/hensoldt-awarded-to-supply-optronic-for-norwegian-and-german-type-212cd-submarines/. 
  37. ↑ "HENSOLDT equips Norwegian and German submarines with next-generation optronics suite". Hensoldt. 13 January 2022. https://www.hensoldt.net/news/hensoldt-equips-norwegian-and-german-submarines-with-next-generation-optronics-suite/. 
  38. ↑ "Kongsberg Sonar for Norwegian and German Type 212CD Boats" (in en-US). 2021-12-07. https://monch.com/kongsberg-sonar-for-norwegian-and-german-type-212cd-boats/. 
  39. ↑ Alex Luck (19 December 2024). "Germany Approves Budget For Additional Four Type 212CD Submarines". https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/12/germany-approves-additional-four-type-212cd-submarines/. 
  40. ↑ Myrseth, Silje Haugen (2024-06-04). "Enighet om en ny lang tidsplan for Forsvaret" (in nb-NO). https://www.nrk.no/norge/enighet-om-en-ny-lang-tidsplan-for-forsvaret-1.16911438. 
  41. ↑ Harry McNeil (19 September 2024). "Germany and Norway weigh up submarine order amid CDR climax". https://www.naval-technology.com/news/germany-and-norway-weigh-up-submarine-order-amid-cdr-climax/. 
  42. ↑ Tobias Kappelle (2 December 2024). "Plannen voor vier extra Duitse onderzeeboten concreter" (in Dutch). https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Bestelling-212CD-onderzeeboten-zal-mogelijk-verdubbelen-021224.html. 
  43. ↑ Fatima Bahtić (19 December 2024). "TKMS bags ‘record’ contract: Four more submarines in Type 212CD program confirmed". https://www.navaltoday.com/2024/12/19/tkms-bags-record-contract-four-more-submarines-in-type-212cd-program-confirmed/. 
  44. ↑ "Germany orders four more Type 212CD submarines". 20 December 2024. https://www.naval-technology.com/news/germany-type-212cd-submarines/. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 45.5 45.6 "Ceremony for the major submarine contracts between Norway and Germany" (in en). https://www.thyssenkrupp-marinesystems.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/press-detail-page/ceremony-for-the-major-submarine-contracts-between-norway-and-germany-163061. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Luck, Alex (2023-03-10). "German Navy mulling drone-heavy force structure looking towards 2035 and beyond" (in en-US). https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/03/german-navy-mulling-drone-heavy-force-structure-looking-towards-2035-and-beyond/. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 ES&T editorial team (2023-09-12). "Produktionsstart der U-Boote der City-Klasse - Nächster Schritt auf dem Weg zum deutsch-norwegischen U-Boot U212CD" (in en). https://esut.de/en/2023/09/meldungen/44491/produktionsstart-der-u-boote-der-city-klasse-naechster-schritt-auf-dem-weg-zum-deutsch-norwegischen-u-boot-u212cd/. 
  48. ↑ "Designfasen for de tysk-norske ubåtene er fullført" (in no). https://www.fma.no/aktuelt-og-media/2024/designfasen-for-de-tysk-norske-ubatene-er-fullfort. 
  49. ↑ Staff, Naval News (2024-08-23). "German-Norwegian Type 212CD submarine programme achieves CDR milestone" (in en-US). https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/08/german-norwegian-type-212cd-submarine-programme-achieves-cdr-milestone/. 
  50. ↑ regjeringen (May 2023). "Page 17 Future acquisitions for the Norwegian defence sector 2023–2030". https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/595f6354301a4d7b9d63ef1c8e486482/faf-2023-2030-engelsk-versjon.pdf. 
  51. ↑ "U212 CD – Norwegen soll zwei weitere U-Boote bekommen" (in de-DE). 2024-06-05. https://www.hartpunkt.de/u212-cd-norwegen-soll-zwei-weitere-u-boote-bekommen/. 
  52. ↑ Willett, Dr Lee (2024-06-03). "Type 212CD AIP will change Underwater Game for Norwegian Navy, says Submarine CO" (in en-US). https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/06/type-212cd-aip-will-change-underwater-game-for-norwegian-navy-says-submarine-co/. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Manaranche, Martin (8 July 2021). "TKMS to Build Six Type 212CD Submarines for German and Norwegian Navies". https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/07/tkms-to-build-six-type-212cd-submarines-for-german-and-norwegian-navies/. 
  54. ↑ "Ceremony for the major submarine contracts between Norway and Germany" (in en). https://www.thyssenkrupp-marinesystems.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/press-detail-page/ceremony-for-the-major-submarine-contracts-between-norway-and-germany-163061. 
  55. ↑ Ganta, Himaja (2021-07-09). "TKMS to build six Type 212CD submarines for Germany and Norway" (in en-US). https://www.naval-technology.com/news/tkms-to-build-six-type-212cd-submarines-for-germany-and-norway/. 
  56. ↑ "Norway: Defence Chief recommends to order additional submarines - Defence Industry Europe" (in en). 2023-06-09. https://defence-industry.eu/norway-defence-chief-recommends-to-order-additional-submarines/. 
  57. ↑ "U212 CD – Norwegen soll zwei weitere U-Boote bekommen" (in de-DE). 2024-06-05. https://www.hartpunkt.de/u212-cd-norwegen-soll-zwei-weitere-u-boote-bekommen/. 
  58. ↑ Nilsen, Thomas (24 March 2021). "Norway's new subs especially designed for covert, shallow water operations". The Barents Observer. https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2021/03/norways-new-subs-especially-designed-covert-shallow-water-operations. 
  59. ↑ Ivison, John (15 May 2024). "New subs 'inevitable,' but so is the cabinet haggling". National Post (Toronto: Postmedia Network): pp. A1, A6. ISSN 1486-8008. https://www.newspapers.com/article/national-post-no-time-resources-to-even/183766188/. 
  60. ↑ Ballingal, Alex (12 July 2024). "Ottawa falls under harsh spotlight". Toronto Star (Toronto: Torstar): p. A3. ISSN 0319-0781. https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-ottawa-falls-under-hars/183764564/. 
  61. ↑ Cimellaro, Matteo (27 August 2025). "South Korea and Germany make subs short list". National Post (Toronto: Postmedia Network): p. A7. ISSN 1486-8008. https://www.newspapers.com/article/national-post-south-korea-gemany-make-s/183748174/. 
  62. ↑ Luck, Alex (2023-03-10). "German Navy mulling drone-heavy force structure looking towards 2035 and beyond" (in en-US). https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/03/german-navy-mulling-drone-heavy-force-structure-looking-towards-2035-and-beyond/. 
  63. ↑ "Okręt podwodny A26 nadal w programie "Orka"" (in pl). 2023-10-19. https://defence24.pl/przemysl/okret-podwodny-a26-nadal-w-programie-orka. 
  64. ↑ "Another Saab Seminar on Submarines: Poland in the Background" (in pl). 2020-09-07. https://defence24.com/another-saab-seminar-on-submarines-poland-in-the-background. 
  65. ↑ "Hanwha Ocean offers KSS-III submarine and industry cooperation to Poland" (in en). 2024-05-30. https://defence-industry.eu/hanwha-ocean-offers-kss-iii-submarine-and-industry-cooperation-to-poland/. 
  66. ↑ "Polish "Orka" Submarine Procurement Gains Weight (and Bids)" (in pl). 2023-08-08. https://defence24.com/industry/polish-orka-submarine-procurement-gains-weight-and-bids. 
  67. ↑ Thomas, Richard (2023-12-01). "Hanwha to offer KSS III submarines for Poland's restarted Orka programme" (in en-US). https://www.naval-technology.com/news/hanwha-to-offer-kss-iii-submarines-for-polands-restarted-orka-programme/. 
  68. ↑ Jaime Karremann (1 July 2022). "Duitse werf tkMS geeft meer details over onderzeebootvoorstel voor Nederland" (in Dutch). https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Duitse-werf-tkMS-geeft-meer-details-over-onderzeebootvoorstel-voor-Nederland-010722.html. 
  69. ↑ Richard Scott (16 December 2023). "TKMS Offering Type 212CD E Submarine to the Netherlands". https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/12/tkms-offering-type-212cd-e-submarine-to-the-netherlands/. 
  70. ↑ Jaime Karremann (12 October 2022). "Duitse werf tkMS gaat Nederland grotere onderzeeboot dan huidige Walrusklasse voorstellen" (in Dutch). https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/tkMS-gaat-langere-onderzeeboot-dan-Walrus-voorstellen-121022.html. 
  71. ↑ Defensie, Ministerie van (2024-03-15). "Contract for new submarines provisionally awarded to Naval - News item - Defensie.nl" (in nl-NL). https://english.defensie.nl/latest/news/2024/03/15/contract-for-new-submarines-provisionally-awarded-to-naval. 

Further reading

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