Engineering:Type 212A submarine

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Short description: Class of diesel-electric submarine
"Type 212 submarine" redirects here. For other uses, see Type 212CD submarine.
"Type 212 submarine" redirects here. For other uses, see U212 NFS submarine.

212A-class profile
Class overview
NameType 212A
BuildersHowaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW), Fincantieri SpA
Operators
Preceded by
  • Type 206 submarine (Germany)
  • Sauro class submarine (Italy)
Subclasses
Cost€280-560M[1]
Built1998-2017
In commission2005–present
Planned10
Completed10
Active10
__1B0X_5H1P__class overview
General characteristics
TypeAttack submarine
Displacement
  • 1,524 t (1,500 long tons) surfaced
  • 1,830 t (1,800 long tons) submerged
Length
  • 56 m (183 ft 9 in)
  • 57.20 m (187 ft 8 in) (2nd batch)
Beam6.80 m (22 ft 4 in)
Draught6.40 m (21 ft 0 in)
Decks2
Propulsion
Speed
  • Under diesel propulsion:[3]
    • Surfaced: 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph)
    • Submerged: 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph)[7]
  • Under fuel-cells silent propulsion:
    • Submerged: 8 kn (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) (15 days without surfacing possible)[8]
Range8,000 nmi (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at 8 kn (15 km/h; 9.2 mph)
Endurance
Test depth
  • 250 m (820 ft)
  • crush depth over 700 m (2,296 ft)[9]
Complement
  • Germany: 28[10]
  • Italy: 9 officers, 15 sailors, 3 extra-crew possible[11]
Sensors &
processing systems
  • Systems:[3]
    • Combat management system:[12]
      • Kongsberg MSI-90U (S181-186, S526-527)
      • Kongsberg MSI-90U Mk2 (S528-529)
    • Countermeasure systems:
    • Torpedo countermeasure: TAU 2000 system (STM Atlas Elektronik / ELAC)
  • Sonar suite: STN Atlas Elektronik CSU 90 (de)[10]
    • Bow sonar: STN Atlas Elektronik DSQS-21DG (medium frequency, panoramic, active sonar)
    • Passive flank array sonar: STN Atlas Elektronik FAS 3-1
    • Sonar interceptor: STN Atlas Elektronik AN5039A1
    • Passive ranging sonar: STN Atlas Elektronik PRS 3-15
    • MOAS: STN Atlas Elektronik FMS-52 (MOA 3070) (active)
    • Towed array sonar: STN Atlas Elektronik TAS 83 / DTA 50 (passive, low frequency)
  • Periscopes:
  • Other sensors:
    • WASS hydrophones
  • Communication systems:
    • Batch 1: Mast buoy: Gabler Maschinenbau Callisto (UHF / VHF / GPS navigation)
    • Batch 2:
      • Data link: Kongsberg TADAS-ML U212A (Link 11 / Link 16) on the second batch (Italy / Germany)[12]
      • Mast buoy: Gabler Maschinenbau Callisto B (UHF / VHF / GPS navigation)[14]
  • Navigation:
    • Navigation radar:
      • Batch 1: Kelvin Hughes Type 1007 (I-band)
      • Batch 2: Kelvin Hughes Type 2007
    • Avio GAUDI autopilot
Electronic warfare
& decoys
  • EloUM:[10][3]
    • ELINT and ESM: FL1800U suite (EADS Systems & Defence Electronics / Thales Defence Ltd)
Armament
  • Torpedoes:
    • 6 × 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes (in 2 forward pointing groups of 3) with 13[15]
    • Germany heavyweight torpedo:
      • DM2A4 Seehecht (Atlas Elektronik)
    • Italy heavyweight torpedo:
      • Black Shark (WASS), or
      • A.184 Mod.3 (Whitehead SpA)
  • Decoys:
    • Anti-torpedo decoy: C303/S launching system (with 40 × jammers / decoys)
  • Other weapons:
    • Naval mines: 24 held externally
    • Air-defence missile: IDAS (in development)
Notes
  • Steel: non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel (supplied by Thyssen Krupp)
  • Snorkeling system: Riva Calzoni periscope
  • Batch 2, diver lock added for special forces transfer[16]
__1B0X_5H1P__characteristics

The Type 212A is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for the German Navy (German: U-Boot-Klasse 212 A), and the Italian Navy where it is known as the Todaro class.[17] It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using proton-exchange membrane (PEM) compressed hydrogen fuel cells from Siemens Energy. The submarines can operate at high speed on diesel power or switch to the AIP system for silent slow cruising, staying submerged for up to three weeks with little exhaust heat.

The Type 212 is the first fuel cell propulsion system equipped submarine series.[18][19]

Development

At the beginning of the 1990s the German Navy was seeking a replacement for the Type 206 submarines. Initial study started on a Type 209 improved design, with AIP capability, called Type 212.[20]



In the same year the Italian government placed an order of two U212A submarines built by Fincantieri for the Italian Navy (Italian: Marina Militare) at Muggiano shipyard, designated as the Todaro class.[17]

The German Navy ordered two additional, improved submarines in 2006, to be delivered from 2012 on,[needs update] 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) longer to give additional space for a new reconnaissance mast. On 21 April 2008 the Italian Navy ordered the optional second batch of submarine, in the same configuration of the original ones. Some upgrading should involve materials and components of commercial derivation, as well as the software package of the CMS.[needs update] The intention is to keep the same configuration of the first series and reduce maintenance costs.[needs update]

The export-oriented Type 214 submarine succeeds the Type 209 submarine and shares certain features with the Type 212A, such as the AIP fuel cell propulsion.

Poland announced in December 2013 they would lease, rather than buy, two U212-A's, on account of not meeting "requirements of tactical and technical equipment developed by the military, including in particular the propulsion system, missile weapons and rescue system".[21][needs update]

On 22 December 2015 Admiral Giuseppe De Giorgi, Commander in Chief of the Italian Navy, announced plans to build another two U212A submarines. In December 2022, an amended contract was signed for production of a third NFS Submarine based on the design of the previous two submarines. The third submarine (NFS 3) is planned to be delivered at the end of 2030, while a contract for the fourth boat was anticipated in 2023.[22]

In October 2016, during the celebration of the commissioning of U-36, the German Navy announced the intent to procure another batch of two U212As within the next decade.[23]

Type 212CD

Main article: Engineering:Type 212CD submarine

In February 2017, it was announced that the Royal Norwegian Navy would procure four submarines based on the Type 212. Initial plans envisaged service entry between 2025 and 2028,[24] but the Norwegian 2020 Defence Plan later envisaged service entry "around 2030".[25] This "CD" (Common Design) variant of the Type 212 will consist of six submarines, with the German Navy ordering two new boats alongside the four Norwegian vessels.[1] In March 2021 an agreement was reached between Norway and Germany to initiate the acquisition program, pending approval by the Bundestag. The contract for construction of the six boats was signed in July 2021 with delivery of the first boat to the Royal Norwegian Navy anticipated in 2029.[26][27]

Design

Partly owing to the "X" arrangement of the stern planes, the Type 212 is capable of operating in as little as 17 metres (56 ft) of water. This is a long-standing requirement for German submarine designs, enabling them to pass a strategic point in the Baltic Sea (the Kadetrinne) submerged.[28] This allows it to come closer to shore than most contemporary submarines. Commandos operating from the boat can surface close to the beach and execute their mission more quickly and with less effort.[citation needed]


Air-independent propulsion

File:U 34 in Fahrt.jpg
U34 underway

In October 2024 it was reported that a new lithium-ion battery system was developed by Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems, which will be installed and tested on an existing Type 212A submarine.[29]

Weapons

U-31 of the German Navy in Kiel harbor
U-33 in Tallinn harbor, Estonia

The Type 212A is capable of launching the fiber optic-guided[30] DM2A4 Seehecht (lit. Seahake) heavyweight torpedo,[31] the WASS BlackShark torpedo and short-range missiles from its six torpedo tubes, which use a water ram expulsion system. Future capability may include tube-launched cruise missiles. The short-range IDAS missile (based on the IRIS-T missile), primarily intended for use against air threats as well as small and medium-sized sea and near-land targets, is currently[when?] being developed by Diehl BGT Defence to be fired from Type 212's torpedo tubes. IDAS is fiber-optic guided and has a range of approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi). Four missiles fit in one torpedo tube, stored in a magazine.[32] First deliveries of IDAS for the German Navy were scheduled from 2014 on.[needs update][33]

A 30 mm auto-cannon called Muräne (moray) to support diver operations and to give warning shots was being considered presumably sometime before 2014 and possibly still is, as well. The cannon, probably a version of the Rheinmetall RMK30, will be[when?] stored in a retractable mast and can be fired without the boat surfacing. The mast will, presumably from 2014 onwards, also be designed to contain three Aladin UAVs for reconnaissance missions. This mast is likely to be mounted on the second batch of Type 212 submarines for the German Navy.[citation needed]

Operations

In April 2006, the German Navy's U-32 sailed from the Baltic Sea to Naval Station Rota in Spain in two weeks, travelling 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) without surfacing nor snorkelling.[34]

The Italian Navy's S 526 Todaro was deployed, for over six months in 2008, to the United States for the CONUS 2008 exercise with the United States Navy.

Scirè arrives on a port visit at New London, Connecticut, on 27 August 2009

The Italian Navy's S 527 Scirè was deployed, for over five months in 2009, to the United States for the CONUS 2009 exercise with the US Navy.


In 2013, while on the way to participate in naval exercises in US waters, the German Navy's U-32 established a new record for non-nuclear submarines with 18 days in submerged transit without snorkelling.[35]

On 15 October 2017, the German Navy's U-35 suffered damage to its rudder fins while conducting dives off the Norwegian coast.[36]

List of boats

See also: Type 212CD submarine § List of boats
See also: U212 NFS submarine § Ships of the class
No. Name Builder Status Contract Laid down Launched Comm. Notes
 German Navy - 4 planned
S181 U-31 NSWE, Emden (Germany) /
HDW, Kiel (Germany) 		In service 22 April 1996 1 July 1998 20 March 2002 19 October 2005 [37][38]
S182 U-32 11 July 2000 4 December 2003 19 October 2005
S183 U-33 30 April 2001 September 2004 13 June 2006
S184 U-34 December 2001 May 2005 3 May 2007
S185 U-35 HDW, Kiel (Germany) 22 September 2006
(ARGE 2. Los 212A)[39] 		21 August 2007 15 November 2011 23 March 2015 [37][38]
S186 U-36 19 August 2008 6 February 2013 10 October 2016
 Italian Navy - 4 in service
S526 Salvatore Todaro (S 526) (it) Fincantieri, Muggiano shipyard, La Spezia (Italy) In service 22 April 1996 3 July 1999 6 November 2003 29 March 2006 [40]
S527 Scirè 27 July 2000 18 December 2004 19 February 2007 [41]
S528 Pietro Venuti (it) 8 July 2008[42] 1 September 2009 9 October 2014 6 July 2016 [43][44]
S529 Romeo Romei (S 529) (it) 9 September 2010 6 July 2015 11 May 2017 [45][46]

Potential operators

Colombia expressed its interest for the ship in 2024.[47]

See also

Equivalent submarines of the same era

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "TKMS baut sechs neue U-Boote in Kiel" (in de). 3 February 2017. http://www.kn-online.de/News/Aktuelle-Wirtschaftsnachrichten/Nachrichten-Wirtschaft/Riesenauftrag-fuer-TKMS-Kiel-baut-vier-U-Boote-fuer-Norwegen. 
  2. ↑ "MTU 16V 396 diesel engine". http://mtu-online.com/en/prod-services/proddies/proddiesnorm/proddies396/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "U212A Todaro Class Submarines" (in de). 18 May 2017. https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/u212a-todaro-class-submarines/?cf-view. 
  4. ↑ "Submarine builder reduces manufacturing time and enhances quality of composite parts". https://resources.sw.siemens.com/en-US/case-study-howaldtswerke-deutsche-werft/. 
  5. ↑ Holger Naaf: Die Brennstoffzelle auf U 212 A (PDF, German). Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, Wehrtechnische Dienststelle für Schiffe und Marinewaffen Eckernförde, 23. September 2008.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "The 4th generation of Siemens fuel cell modules for submarine propulsion". https://cdn.asp.events/CLIENT_Clarion__96F66098_5056_B733_492B7F3A0E159DC7/sites/UDT-2020/media/libraries/draft-abstracts--slides/22-Michael-Moersch.pdf. 
  7. ↑ "Uboote Klasse 212A". http://www.marine.de/portal/poc/marine?uri=ci%3Abw.mar.waffenun.uboote.212a. 
  8. ↑ "Atom-U-Boot für das "Gleichgewicht des Schreckens": Vor 20 Jahren ging die "Kursk" unter" (in german). 12 August 2020. https://web.de/magazine/politik/atom-u-boot-gleichgewicht-schreckens-20-jahren-ging-kursk-34965274. 
  9. ↑ "Deutsche Marine TV-Interview" (in de). http://www.marine.de/01DB070000000001/CurrentBaseLink/W26YVFGA481INFODE. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "U-Boot-Klasse 212A" (in de). 25 November 2019. https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/seesysteme-bundeswehr/u-boot-klasse-212-a. 
  11. ↑ "Classe Todaro". https://www.fincantieri.com/it/business/prodotti/navi-per-la-difesa/sommergibili/Classe-Todaro. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "KONGSBERG DEFENCE SYSTEMS - Focus on Submarine Systems - Sea Power Seminar 2012". 29 August 2012. https://sms1835-bucket.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/arkiv/Sj%C3%B8maktseminar/Nr12/2012-08-29-Sea-Power-Seminar-Kongsberg.pdf. 
  13. ↑ "Page 14 - ISSUE 17 HANDBOOK - SHEPARD Media" (in de). https://mags.shephardmedia.com/HB-samples-2018/NVO17-webmag.pdf. 
  14. ↑ "U212 / U214 Submarines". naval-technology.com. 31 July 2020. https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/type_212/. 
  15. ↑ "Dette er ubåtsjefens våte drøm - nyheter". Dagbladet.no. 2010-11-18. http://www.dagbladet.no/2010/11/18/nyheter/ubat/undervannsbat/14353353/. 
  16. ↑ "Capability gain or expansion of existing capabilities in the execution of submarine operations". 25 November 2020. https://marineforum.online/en/the-big-sister-u212a-2-los/. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Classe Todaro page at Marina Militare website". http://www.marina.difesa.it/sommergibili/classetodaro.asp. 
  18. ↑ Matus Smutny (21 June 2023). "A Deep Dive Into Germany's Submarine Force". https://www.twz.com/a-deep-dive-into-germanys-submarine-force. 
  19. ↑ H I Sutton (26 May 2020). "U212-AIP-Submarine". http://www.hisutton.com/U212-AIP-Submarine.html. 
  20. ↑ "Salvatore Todaroklasse onderzeeboten (Italië)" (in Dutch). 14 March 2016. https://marineschepen.nl/schepen/todaro.html. 
  21. ↑ Tom Bristow (29 November 2013). "Poland gives thumbs down to German subs". http://www.thelocal.de/20131129/poland-gives-german-subs-thumbs-down. 
  22. ↑ "U212 NFS (Near Future Submarine) 2nd Contract Amendment Awarded". 26 December 2022. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/12/u212-nfs-near-future-submarine-2nd-contract-amendment-awarded/. 
  23. ↑ "Bundeswehr bekommt neue U-Boote". http://www.n-tv.de/politik/Bundeswehr-bekommt-neue-U-Boote-article18827671.html. 
  24. ↑ Berg Bentzrød, Sveinung (3 February 2017). "Forsvaret kjøper nye ubåter fra Tyskland" (in no). Aftenposten (Oslo: Aftenposten AS). http://www.aftenposten.no/norge/Forsvaret-kjoper-nye-ubater-fra-Tyskland-614432b.html. 
  25. ↑ "The defence of Norway. Capability and readiness". https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/3a2d2a3cfb694aa3ab4c6cb5649448d4/long-term-defence-plan-norway-2020---english-summary.pdf. 
  26. ↑ "Norway's new subs especially designed for covert, shallow water operations". 24 March 2021. https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2021/03/norways-new-subs-especially-designed-covert-shallow-water-operations. 
  27. ↑ "TKMS to Build Six Type 212CD Submarines for German and Norwegian Navies". 8 July 2021. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/07/tkms-to-build-six-type-212cd-submarines-for-german-and-norwegian-navies/. 
  28. ↑ Raimund Wallner In: MarineForum. Nr. 4, 2006, S. 10–18, ISSN 0172-8547.
  29. ↑ Mariska Buitendijk (15 October 2024). "TKMS equips German submarine with own battery". https://swzmaritime.nl/news/2024/10/15/tkms-equips-german-submarine-with-own-battery/. 
  30. ↑ DiGiulian, Tony. "Torpedoes of Germany Post-World War II". http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTGER_PostWWII.php. 
  31. ↑ Jaime Karremann (28 June 2022). "Type 212A onderzeeboten (Duitsland)" (in Dutch). https://marineschepen.nl/schepen/type-212A.html. 
  32. ↑ "Diehl BGT IDAS missile". http://www.diehl-bgt.de/index.php?id=559&L=1. 
  33. ↑ "Erprobung des Lenkflugkörpers IDAS, german". http://www.marine.de/portal/a/marine/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLNzKODzI3BcmB2d7m5vqRUJYTQtQsBCoKUhuUkqrv65Gfm6rvrR-gX5AbGlHu6KgIAKG9jmg!/delta/base64xml/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS80SVVFLzZfMjNfUjc1?yw_contentURL=/01DB070000000001/W26VLDD5902INFODE/content.jsp. Retrieved 31 July 2023. 
  34. ↑ Thomas, Doug (2008). "Submarine Developments: Air-Independent Propulsion". Canadian Naval Review. http://www.navalreview.ca/wp-content/uploads/public/vol3num4/vol3num4art11.pdf. 
  35. ↑ Naming ceremony of fuel cell submarine “U36” for the German Navy in Kiel , ThyssenKrupp press release, 15 May 2013.
  36. ↑ Roblin, Sebastien (2017). "Germany Does Not Have One Working Submarine". The National Interest. http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/germany-does-not-have-one-working-submarine-23688. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "U-Boot-Klasse 212A" (in de). 2019-11-25. https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/seesysteme-bundeswehr/u-boot-klasse-212-a. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Type 212A class Submarine German Navy Deutsche Marine". https://www.seaforces.org/marint/German-Navy/Submarine/Type-212A-class.htm. 
  39. ↑ "Scirè (S527)". https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/german-navy-orders-2-more-u212a-submarines-02720/. 
  40. ↑ "Salvatore Todaro (S526)". https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/pilastro-operativo/mezzi/sottomarini/Pagine/ComandanteSalvatoreTodaro-S526.aspx. 
  41. ↑ "Scirè (S527)". https://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/thefleet/submarines/Pagine/scire_en.aspx. 
  42. ↑ "3° Atto Aggiuntivo al Contratto Principale nr. 19755 di rep. in data 21.04.2008 per l'acquisizione di nr. 2 Sommergibili tipo U212A e del relativo supporto logistico". 23 May 2013. https://difesa.it/assets/allegati/1314/e6db8c70-3866-44e8-b4a2-51eac6855818.pdf. 
  43. ↑ "Pietro Venuti (S528)". https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/pilastro-operativo/mezzi/sottomarini/Pagine/Pietro_Venuti_S528.aspx. 
  44. ↑ "Launching Ceremony for the new S-528 "Pietro Venuti" Italian Navy submarine - Marina Militare" (in it-IT). https://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/Conosciamoci/notizie/Pagine/VENUTISUBMARINE.aspx. 
  45. ↑ "Fincantieri delivers The submarine "Romeo Romei"" (Press release). Trieste: Fincantieri. 11 May 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
  46. ↑ "Romeo Romei (S529)". https://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/thefleet/submarines/Pagine/romei_en.aspx. 
  47. ↑ "Armada de Colombia se interesa por los submarinos alemanes U212A y conversó con ThyssenKrupp sobre futuros proyectos". 2024-06-21. https://www.webinfomil.com/2024/06/armada-de-colombia-se-interesa-por-los.html. 

General references

  • Karr, Hans (2014) (in de). Deutsche Uboote seit 1956. Stuttgart: Motorbuch. ISBN 9783613037083. 

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