Esquarre (heraldry)

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Short description: Heraldic charge
Esquarre (also escarre, Fr.)

Esquarre (Fr., alternately escarre, esquierre;[1] as Anglo-Norman alternately esquarie, esquire, esquierre, esquerre[2]) is a name for both a heraldic ordinary[3] and a set of related mobile charges.[4] As an ordinary, the Esquarre is defined as a charge that borders a quarter (Fr. franc quartier, or a singular quarter as charge)[5] on its two interior edges abutting the field.[6] The Esquarre isolates the quarter from the rest of the field.[7] De Galway suggested that the Esquarre is employed when both quarter and field are the same tincture.[8] The shape of the ordinary is likened to a carpenter's square, a tool formed of two arms joined perpendicularly.[9] When the two arms are of unequal length, the term potence (Fr.)[10] is also used, a term likening the form of this variant to a joined post and crossbeam, or gallows/scaffold.[11]

Esquarre as mobile charge

The source of the term, a builders square, informs its use when referring to a mobile charge.[12][13] The term is an archaic form of the modern French équerre—the ‘square’ as implement used to measure or set right angles.[14][15] These are the tools employed by masons and carpenters, woodworkers, architects and engineers, surveyors, students, etc. They take the form of either (voided) triangles or two arms joined perpendicularly.[16] As a mobile charge, esquarre refers frequently to the figurative representations of these tools, as well as abstract versions (see #Gallery). Another term favored by some authors for the Esquarre is the gama grec (Fr.), from the Greek letter gamma.[17] This gives rise to another heraldic use: gama grec is applied to figurative representations of these implements, and in turn escarre is used to denote representations of the Greek letter gamma.[18][19]

Gallery

Coats of arms and emblems

As mobile charge

Figurative

  • Distinctive unit insignia of the 30th Engineer Battalion, US Army

On flags

As Ordinary

Many contemporary flags approximate the classical or strict definition of the Ordinary, using a 'fillet esquarre' to border cantons and quarters, separating them from other charges as well as the field.

  • The second Flag of the former Soviet Union (1923–1924)

  • Former flag of the Canadian Army (1968–1998)

  • Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands

  • Flag of the Namibian Police Force

  • Air Force Ensign of South Africa (1994–2003)

  • Former flag of the State of Mississippi, USA (1894–2020, various hues)

  • Naval Ensign of the former SFR Yugoslavia (1949–1993)

  • Flag of Hœdic, Brittany, France

  • Naval Ensign of South Africa (1959–1981)

  • Flag of the State Council of Heraldry, Georgia

  • Flag of Portland, Oregon

As Mobile Charge

Abstract

  • Flag of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands

Figurative
As letter

  • Flag of the Silver Legion of America

See also the Flag of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands (above)

Charges in esquarre

  • Naval Ensign of Bolivia

See also

esquarre
Fillet (heraldry)
Esquire (heraldry)
Gyron
Gusset (heraldry)
Ordinary (heraldry)
Charge (heraldry)
Fimbriation
Liste de pièces héraldiques

References

  1. ↑ d'Argicourt, L.-A. Duhoux (1896). Alphabet et figures de tous les termes du blason. Paris: Librairie L. Joly. p. 116. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Alphabet_et_figures_de_tous_les_termes_d/d_02AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=escarre. 
  2. ↑ "Esquarre (s.xiii)". Modern Humanities Research Association. https://anglo-norman.net/entry/esquarre. 
  3. ↑ Gheusi, Pierre-Barthélemy (1892). Le blason héraldique: Manuel nouveau de l'art héraldique de la science du blason et de la polychromie féodale d'après les règles du moyen age avec 1300 gravures et un armorial. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot et c.. p. 44. https://books.google.com/books?id=tbUTAAAAYAAJ&q=escarre#v=onepage&q=esquarre&f=false. 
  4. ↑ de Saint-Allais, Nicolas Viton (1816). Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la noblesse de France. Paris: Valade. p. 344. https://books.google.com/books?id=30QXQkx7VesC&q=gama+gre#v=onepage&q=escarre&f=false. Retrieved 27 December 2023. 
  5. ↑ Bouton, Victor (1887). Nouveau traité des armoiries ; ou, La science et l'art du blason expliqués. Paris: E. Dentu et cie. Editeurs. p. 87. https://archive.org/details/nouveautraitd00bout/page/86/mode/2up?q=franc-quartier. 
  6. ↑ d'Argicourt, L.-A. Duhoux (1896). Alphabet et figures de tous les termes du blason. Paris: Librairie L. Joly. p. 50. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Alphabet_et_figures_de_tous_les_termes_d/d_02AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=escarre. 
  7. ↑ Gheusi, Pierre-Barthélemy (1892). Le blason héraldique: Manuel nouveau de l'art héraldique de la science du blason et de la polychromie féodale d'après les règles du moyen age avec 1300 gravures et un armorial. Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot et c.. p. 44. https://books.google.com/books?id=tbUTAAAAYAAJ&q=escarre#v=onepage&q=esquarre&f=false. 
  8. ↑ de Galway, Alphonse Charles Albert O'Kelly (1901). Dictionnaire archéologique et explicatif de la science du blason origine des emblèmes et des symboles héraldiques d'après les monuments, les sceaux, les monnaies, les médailles, les traditions, etc., Volume 1. Bergerac: Imprimérie Générale du Sud-Ouest (J. Castanet). pp. 224. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dictionnaire_arch%C3%A9ologique_et_explicati/mk84AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=escarre. 
  9. ↑ "esquarre". Larousse. https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/esquarre/31062. 
  10. ↑ "Définition ancienne de ESCARRE - Dictionnaire universel de Furetière (1690)". Le Robert. https://dictionnaire.lerobert.com/definition/escarre. 
  11. ↑ "potence". Le Robert. https://dictionnaire.lerobert.com/definition/potence. 
  12. ↑ de Saint-Allais, Nicolas Viton (1816). Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la noblesse de France. Paris: Valade. p. 344. https://books.google.com/books?id=30QXQkx7VesC&q=gama+gre#v=onepage&q=escarre&f=false. Retrieved 27 December 2023. 
  13. ↑ "Esquarre (s.xiii)". Modern Humanities Research Association. https://anglo-norman.net/entry/esquarre. 
  14. ↑ de Galway, Alphonse Charles Albert O'Kelly (1901). Dictionnaire archéologique et explicatif de la science du blason origine des emblèmes et des symboles héraldiques d'après les monuments, les sceaux, les monnaies, les médailles, les traditions, etc., Volume 1. Bergerac: Imprimérie Générale du Sud-Ouest (J. Castanet). pp. 224. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dictionnaire_arch%C3%A9ologique_et_explicati/mk84AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=escarre. 
  15. ↑ "équerre". Larousse. https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/%C3%A9querre/30652. 
  16. ↑ "équerre". Larousse. https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/%C3%A9querre/30652. 
  17. ↑ de Saint-Allais, Nicolas Viton (1816). Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la noblesse de France. Paris: Valade. p. 344. https://books.google.com/books?id=30QXQkx7VesC&q=gama+gre#v=onepage&q=escarre&f=false. Retrieved 27 December 2023. 
  18. ↑ de Saint-Allais, Nicolas Viton (1816). Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la noblesse de France. Paris: Valade. p. 344. https://books.google.com/books?id=30QXQkx7VesC&q=gama+gre#v=onepage&q=escarre&f=false. Retrieved 27 December 2023. 
  19. ↑ "escarre". Hervé Dupuis. http://www.blason-armoiries.org/heraldique/e/escarre.htm. 



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