Finance:Omani rial

Short description: Currency of Oman

Omani rial

ريال عماني (Arabic)
ISO 4217
Code	OMR (numeric: 512)
Subunit	0.001
Unit
Symbol	ر.ع. R.O or ﷼‎
Denominations
Subunit
​1⁄1000	baisa
Banknotes
Freq. used	100 baisa, ​1⁄2, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 rials
Coins
Freq. used	5, 10, 25, 50 baisa
Demographics
User(s)	Oman
Issuance
Central bank	Central Bank of Oman
Website	cbo.gov.om
Valuation
Inflation	4.1%
Source	The World Factbook, 2011 est.
Pegged with	US dollar (USD) 1 OMR = 2.6008 USD (exact) 1 USD = 0.384497 OMR (approx.)

The Omani rial (Arabic: ريال, ISO 4217 code OMR) is the currency of Oman. It is divided into 1000 baisa (also written baiza, بيسة).

Fixed exchange rate

From 1973 to 1986, the rial was pegged to the United States dollar at 1 Omani rial = US$2.895. The rate was changed in 1986 to 1 Omani rial = US$2.6008, which translates to approximately US$1 = 0.384497 rial. As of 2023, the Central Bank of Oman bought U.S. dollars at 0.384 Omani rial, and sold U.S. dollars at 0.385 Omani rial. It is the third-highest-valued currency unit in the world after the Kuwaiti dinar and the Bahraini dinar.

History

Until 1940, the Indian rupee and the Maria Theresa thaler (known locally as the rial due to its similar size to the Spanish eight-real coin) were the main currencies circulating in Muscat and Oman, as the state was then known, with Indian rupees circulating on the coast and thaler in the interior. Maria Theresa thaler were valued at 230 paisa, with 64 paisa = 1 rupee.

In 1940, coins were introduced for use in Dhofar, followed, in 1946, by coins for use in Oman. Both coinages were denominated in baisa (equivalent to the paisa), with 200 baisa = 1 rial. The Indian rupee and, from 1959, the Gulf rupee continued to circulate. On 6 June 1966, India devalued the Gulf rupee against the Indian rupee. Following the devaluation, several of the states still using the Gulf rupee adopted their own currencies. Oman continued to use the Gulf rupee until 1970, with the government backing the currency at its old peg to the pound, when it adopted the Saidi rial.

On 7 May 1970 the Saidi rial (named after the House of Al Said, not to be confused with Saudi riyal) was introduced as the currency of Oman to replace the Gulf rupee. It was equal to the British pound sterling and 1 Saidi rial = 21 Gulf rupees. The Saidi rial was subdivided into 1000 baisa. The Omani rial replaced the Saidi rial at par on 11 November 1972. At that time, the currency became pegged to the US dollar at 1 Omani rial = US$2.895, instead of the pound sterling, a rate that would continue until 1986, when it was devalued by about 9% to 1 Omani rial = US$2.6008. The currency name was altered due to the regime change in 1970 and the subsequent change of the country's name. Since 1975, new coins have been issued with the country's name given as Oman.

Coins

In the 1890s, coins for ​¹⁄₁₂ and ​¹⁄₄ anna (​¹⁄₃ and 1 paisa) were minted specifically for use in Muscat and Oman.

In 1940, coins were issued for use in Dhofar in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 baisa. ​¹⁄₂ rial coins were added in 1948, followed by 3 baisa in 1959. In 1946, 2, 5 and 20 baisa coins were introduced for use in Oman. These were followed, between 1959 and 1960, by 3 baisa, ​¹⁄₂ and 1 rial coins.

In 1970, a coinage for all of Muscat and Oman was introduced. Denominations were 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 baisa. In 1975, new coins were issued with the country's name given as Oman. ​¹⁄₄ and ​¹⁄₂ rial coins were introduced in 1980.

Coins currently circulating are 5, 10, 25 and 50 baisa. On 20 May 2020, coins with denominations of 100 baisa and more lost their monetary value.

Qaboos coins
Image		Value	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Year of
Obverse	Reverse								first minting			5 baisa	19 mm	2.65 g	Copper-clad steel	Smooth	Qaboos bin Sa'id, Sultan of Oman	Year of minting	1999			10 baisa	22.5 mm	4.1 g	Copper-clad steel	Smooth	Qaboos bin Sa'id, Sultan of Oman	Year of minting	1999			25 baisa	22.5 mm	2.63 g	Nickel-plated steel	Reeded	Qaboos bin Sa'id, Sultan of Oman	Year of minting	1999			50 baisa	24 mm	5.57 g	Nickel-plated steel	Reeded	Qaboos bin Sa'id, Sultan of Oman	Year of minting	1999			100 baisa	21.5 mm	4.20 g	Copper-nickel	Reeded	Sultanate of Oman	Year of minting	1984			​1⁄4 riyal	26 mm	6.5 g	Aluminium bronze	Lettered	Sultanate of Oman	Year of minting	1979			​1⁄2 riyal	30 mm	10 g	Aluminium bronze	Reeded	Sultanate of Oman	Year of minting	1979

Banknotes

On 7 May 1970, the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman issued banknotes in denominations of 100 baisa, ​¹⁄₄, ​¹⁄₂, 1, 5 and 10 rial saidi. These were followed by notes for 100 baisa, ​¹⁄₄, ​¹⁄₂, 1, 5 and 10 Omani rials issued by the Oman Currency Board on 18 November 1972.

From 1977, the Central Bank of Oman has issued notes, with 20 and 50 rial notes introduced that, followed by 200 baisa notes in 1985.

A new series of notes was issued on 1 November 1995, and the 5-rial notes and higher were updated in 2000 with foil strips.

In 2005, a red 1-rial note commemorating the 35th National Day was issued.

In 2010, new 5-, 10-, 20- and 50-rial notes were issued on the occasion of the 40th National Day. The 20-rial note is blue instead of green while the other notes are the same colour as previously.

In 2015, a purple 1-rial note commemorating the 45th National Day was issued.

After 30 July 2019, all banknotes issued before 1 November 1995 became invalid, as well as the 5 to 50 rial banknotes issued on that date without foil strips. The 5- to 50-rial banknotes of the 1995 series with foil strips, released into circulation from 2000, remained valid. Thus, as of 2020, banknotes in circulation are mainly the 2010 series of 5 to 50 rial, the 2015 1-rial note, and the 1995 series of 100 baisa and ​¹⁄₂ rial. The 1995 200-baisa note, the 1995 and 2005 1-rial notes, and the 2000 release of 5- to 50-rial notes are still accepted but not commonly seen. Coins in circulation are mainly 25 and 50 baisa, with 5 and 10 baisa used in shops whose pricing requires them.

This image shows Omani banknotes from different years.

A new series of banknotes has been released with sultan Haitham bin Tariq on the obverse.

1973 Series
Image		Value	Main colour	Description
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		100 baiza	Brown
		​1⁄4 rial	Blue
		​1⁄2 rial	Green
		1 rial	Red
		5 rials	Purple
		10 rials	Brown-black

1977 Series
Image		Value	Main colour	Description
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		100 baiza	Orange
		200 baiza	Purple
		​1⁄4 rial	Blue
		​1⁄2 rial	Green
		1 rial	Red
		5 rials	Maroon
		10 rials	Brown-black
		20 rials	Dark green

1985 Series
Image		Value	Main colour	Description
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		100 baiza	Red-brown
		200 baiza	Purple
		​1⁄4 rial	Blue
		​1⁄2 rial	Green
		1 rial	Red
		5 rials	Maroon
		10 rials	Dark brown
		20 rials	Brown-black
		50 rials	Dark green

1995 Series
Image		Value	Main colour	Description
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		100 baisa	Green	Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said, irrigation canal	Verreaux eagle, white oryx
		200 baisa	Blue	Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, the old terminals of Salalah Airport and Muscat International Airport	Marine Science & Fisheries Center, Port Qaboos, Muttrah
		​1⁄2 rial	Brownish-purple	Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Bahla fortress	Al-Hazim fort, Nakhal Fort
		1 rial	Purple	Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex	Omani Khanjar (dagger), silver bracelets and ornaments, dhows
		5 rials	Orange-red
		10 rials	Brown
		20 rials	Green
		50 rials	Pink and violet
				2005 series / 35th National Day
		1 rial	Pink-purple
2010 Series / 40th National Day
		5 rials	Red	Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Sultan Qaboos University	Nizwa
		10 rials	Brown	Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Al-Nahda tower	Muttrah Fort
		20 rials	Blue	Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque (Muscat)	Royal Opera House Muscat
		50 rials	Pink and violet	Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, Ministry of Finance and Economy Building (Muscat)	Cabinet building and Ministry of Finance and Industry building (Muscat)

2015 Series / 45th National Day
Image		Value	Main colour	Description
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		1 rial	Purple

2020 Series
Image		Value	Main colour	Description
Obverse	Reverse			Obverse	Reverse
		100 baisa	Brown	Terraces of Jebel Akhdar, national emblem	Coconut trees (Dhofar), Falaj Al-Jeela (Ash Sharqiyah South)
		​1⁄2 rial	Green	Ain Khor (Dhofar), Frankincense (Dhofar), national emblem	Arabian leopard (Dhofar), sooty falcon (Muscat & Al Batinah South)
		1 rial	Red	Oman Across Ages Museum (Ad Dakhiliyah), national emblem	Khasab Castle (Musandam), Wadi Al-Ayn Tombs (Ad Dhahirah), Jirz axe (Musandam), Omani khanjar
		5 rials	Pink-red
		10 rials	Brown
		20 rials	Blue
		50 rials	Green-grey

See also

• Oman
• Economy of Oman
• Gulf Cooperation Council

External links

• Information on Omani currency (archived 25 January 2005)
• Omani Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• The banknotes of Oman (in English and German)