Greater-than sign

Short description: Mathematical symbol representing the relation "greater than"

For the use of the ">" sign as punctuation, see Bracket § Angle brackets.

>
Greater-than sign
In Unicode	U+003E > GREATER-THAN SIGN (HTML > · >)
Related
See also	U+2265 ≥ GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO U+2A7E ⩾ GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO U+226F ≯ NOT GREATER-THAN U+226B ≫ MUCH GREATER-THAN
Different from
Different from	U+232A 〉 RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET

The greater-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values. The widely adopted form of two equal-length strokes connecting in an acute angle at the right, >, has been found in documents dated as far back as 1631. In mathematical writing, the greater-than sign is typically placed between two values being compared and signifies that the first number is greater than the second number. Examples of typical usage include 1.5 > 1 and 1 > −2. The less-than sign and greater-than sign always "point" to the smaller number. Since the development of computer programming languages, the greater-than sign and the less-than sign have been repurposed for a range of uses and operations.

History

The earliest known use of the symbols < and > is found in Artis Analyticae Praxis ad Aequationes Algebraicas Resolvendas (The Analytical Arts Applied to Solving Algebraic Equations) by Thomas Harriot, published posthumously in 1631. The text states "Signum majoritatis ut a > b significet a majorem quam b (The sign of majority a > b indicates that a is greater than b)" and "Signum minoritatis ut a < b significet a minorem quam b (The sign of minority a < b indicates that a is less than b)."

According to historian Art Johnson, while Harriot was surveying North America, he saw a Native American with a symbol that resembled the greater-than sign, in both backwards and forwards forms. Johnson says it is likely Harriot developed the two symbols from this symbol.

Usage in text markup

Angle brackets

The greater-than sign is sometimes used for an approximation of the closing angle bracket, ⟩. The proper Unicode character is U+232A 〉 RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET (HTML 〉 · ⟩). ASCII does not have angular brackets.

HTML

In HTML (and SGML and XML), the greater-than sign is used at the end of tags. The greater-than sign may be included with >, while ≥ produces the greater-than or equal to sign.

E-mail and Markdown

In some early e-mail systems, the greater-than sign was used to denote quotations. The sign is also used to denote quotations in Markdown.

Usage in programming

The 'greater-than sign' > is encoded in ASCII as character hex 3E, decimal 62. The Unicode code point is U+003E > GREATER-THAN SIGN, inherited from ASCII.

For use with HTML, the mnemonics > or > may also be used.

Programming language

BASIC and C-family languages (including Java and C++) use the comparison operator > to mean "greater than". In Lisp-family languages, > is a function used to mean "greater than". In Coldfusion and Fortran, operator .GT. means "greater than".

Double greater-than sign

The double greater-than sign, >>, is used for an approximation of the much-greater-than sign ≫. ASCII does not have the much greater-than sign.

The double greater-than sign is also used for an approximation of the closing guillemet, ».

In Java, C, and C++, the operator >> is the right-shift operator. In C++ it is also used to get input from a stream, similar to the C functions getchar and fgets.

In Haskell, the >> function is a monadic operator. It is used for sequentially composing two actions, discarding any value produced by the first. In that regard, it is like the statement sequencing operator in imperative languages, such as the semicolon in C.

In XPath the >> operator returns true if the left operand follows the right operand in document order; otherwise it returns false.

Triple greater-than sign

The triple greater-than sign, >>>, is the unsigned-right-shift operator in JavaScript. Three greater-than signs form the distinctive prompt of the firmware console in MicroVAX, VAXstation, and DEC Alpha computers (known as the SRM console in the latter). This is also the default prompt of the Python interactive shell, often seen for code examples that can be executed interactively in the interpreter:

python
Python 3.9.2 (default, Feb 20 2021, 18:40:11) 
[GCC 10.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print("Hello World")
Hello World
>>>

Greater-than sign with equals sign

The greater-than sign plus the equals sign, >=, is sometimes used for an approximation of the greater than or equal to sign, ≥ which was not included in the ASCII repertoire. The sign is, however, provided in Unicode, as U+2265 ≥ GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO (HTML ≥ · ≥).

In BASIC, Lisp-family languages, and C-family languages (including Java and C++), operator >= means "greater than or equal to". In Sinclair BASIC it is encoded as a single-byte code point token.

In Fortran, operator .GE. means "greater than or equal to".

In Bourne shell and Windows PowerShell, the operator -ge means "greater than or equal to".

In Lua, operator >=means "greater than or equal to" and is used like this

x = math.random(1,9)
y = 5
if x >= y then
    print("x("..x..") is more or equal to y("..y..")")
else
    print("x("..x..") is less than y("..y..")")
end

expected output: x(number >= 5) is more or equal to y(5) or x(number < 5) is less than y(5)

Hyphen-minus with greater-than sign

In some programming languages (for example F#), the greater-than sign is used in conjunction with a hyphen-minus to create an arrow (->). Arrows like these could also be used in text where other arrow symbols are unavailable. In the R programming language, this can be used as the right assignment operator. In the C, C++, and C# programming languages, this is used as a member access operator. In Swift and Python, it is used to indicate the return value type when defining a function (i.e., func foo() -> MyClass {...}).

Shell scripts

In Bourne shell (and many other shells), greater-than sign is used to redirect output to a file. Greater-than plus ampersand (>&) is used to redirect to a file descriptor.

Spaceship operator

Greater-than sign is used in the 'spaceship operator', <=>.

ECMAScript and C#

In ECMAScript and C#, the greater-than sign is used in lambda function expressions.

In ECMAScript:

const square = x => x * x;
console.log(square(5)); // 25

In C#:

Func<int, int> square = x => x * x;
Console.WriteLine(square(5)); // 25

PHP

In PHP, the greater-than sign is used in conjunction with the less-than sign as a not equal to operator. It is the same as the != operator.

$x = 5;
$y = 3;
$z = 5;

echo $x <> $y; // true
echo $x <> $z; // false

Unicode

Unicode provides various greater than symbols:

Symbol	Code Point	Name
⍩	U+2369	Apl Functional Symbol Greater-Than Diaeresis
⍄	U+2344	Apl Functional Symbol Quad Greater-Than
⧁	U+29C1	Circled Greater-Than
⦕	U+2995	Double Left Arc Greater-Than Bracket
⪚	U+2A9A	Double-Line Equal To Or Greater-Than
⪜	U+2A9C	Double-Line Slanted Equal To Or Greater-Than
⫺	U+2AFA	Double-Line Slanted Greater-Than Or Equal To
⪢	U+2AA2	Double Nested Greater-Than
⋝	U+22DD	Equal To Or Greater-Than
⥸	U+2978	Greater-Than Above Rightwards Arrow
⪎	U+2A8E	Greater-Than Above Similar Or Equal
⪊	U+2A8A	Greater-Than And Not Approximate
⪈	U+2A88	Greater-Than And Single-Line Not Equal To
≩	U+2269	Greater-Than But Not Equal To
⋧	U+22E7	Greater-Than But Not Equivalent To
⪧	U+2AA7	Greater-Than Closed By Curve
⪩	U+2AA9	Greater-Than Closed By Curve Above Slanted Equal
⪆	U+2A86	Greater-Than Or Approximate
≥	U+2265	Greater-Than Or Equal To
≳	U+2273	Greater-Than Or Equivalent To
⩾	U+2A7E	Greater-Than Or Slanted Equal To
⪂	U+2A82	Greater-Than Or Slanted Equal To With Dot Above
⪄	U+2A84	Greater-Than Or Slanted Equal To With Dot Above Left
⪀	U+2A80	Greater-Than Or Slanted Equal To With Dot Inside
≧	U+2267	Greater-Than Over Equal To
>	U+003E	Greater-Than Sign
⩺	U+2A7A	Greater-Than With Circle Inside
⋗	U+22D7	Greater-Than With Dot
⩼	U+2A7C	Greater-Than With Question Mark Above
≫	U+226B	Much Greater-Than
≱	U+2271	Neither Greater-Than Nor Equal To
≵	U+2275	Neither Greater-Than Nor Equivalent To
≯	U+226F	Not Greater-Than
⦔	U+2994	Right Arc Greater-Than Bracket
⪠	U+2AA0	Similar Above Greater-Than Above Equals Sign
⪞	U+2A9E	Similar Or Greater-Than
⪖	U+2A96	Slanted Equal To Or Greater-Than
⪘	U+2A98	Slanted Equal To Or Greater-Than With Dot Inside
⫸	U+2AF8	Triple Nested Greater-Than
⋙	U+22D9	Very Much Greater-Than

See also

• Inequality (mathematics)
• Less-than sign
• Relational operator
• Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode
• Guillemet
• Material conditional